全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9618篇 |
免费 | 439篇 |
国内免费 | 41篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 85篇 |
儿科学 | 151篇 |
妇产科学 | 98篇 |
基础医学 | 1292篇 |
口腔科学 | 162篇 |
临床医学 | 569篇 |
内科学 | 2387篇 |
皮肤病学 | 223篇 |
神经病学 | 758篇 |
特种医学 | 484篇 |
外科学 | 1528篇 |
综合类 | 34篇 |
预防医学 | 273篇 |
眼科学 | 109篇 |
药学 | 706篇 |
中国医学 | 38篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1201篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 28篇 |
2022年 | 70篇 |
2021年 | 124篇 |
2020年 | 71篇 |
2019年 | 104篇 |
2018年 | 123篇 |
2017年 | 132篇 |
2016年 | 156篇 |
2015年 | 138篇 |
2014年 | 184篇 |
2013年 | 273篇 |
2012年 | 375篇 |
2011年 | 449篇 |
2010年 | 263篇 |
2009年 | 219篇 |
2008年 | 408篇 |
2007年 | 510篇 |
2006年 | 491篇 |
2005年 | 503篇 |
2004年 | 478篇 |
2003年 | 523篇 |
2002年 | 501篇 |
2001年 | 356篇 |
2000年 | 355篇 |
1999年 | 365篇 |
1998年 | 128篇 |
1997年 | 127篇 |
1996年 | 113篇 |
1995年 | 106篇 |
1994年 | 106篇 |
1993年 | 100篇 |
1992年 | 247篇 |
1991年 | 251篇 |
1990年 | 225篇 |
1989年 | 214篇 |
1988年 | 204篇 |
1987年 | 179篇 |
1986年 | 192篇 |
1985年 | 148篇 |
1984年 | 102篇 |
1983年 | 83篇 |
1982年 | 49篇 |
1981年 | 35篇 |
1980年 | 31篇 |
1979年 | 79篇 |
1978年 | 38篇 |
1977年 | 27篇 |
1976年 | 24篇 |
1975年 | 12篇 |
1969年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Kishichiro Watanabe Akio Mukawa Katsuhiko Saito Isao Nakanishi Hironobu Tsuda 《Pathology international》1986,36(12):1921-1929
An autopsy case of a 62-year-old woman with a poorly differentiated, aggressive form of adenoid squamous cell carcinoma arising in the skin overlying the right breast was studied. The tumor, 9×8cm in diameter, had rapidly enlarged since one year before admission from a verrucous lesion of 20 years duration. The histologic features of the tumor showed a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma mainly in the superficial areas, which transformed into, with a zone of transition in between, an alveolar or adenoid structure in the deep invading portion. The adenoid tumor cells exhibited an undifferentiated appearance with prominent nucleoli and frequent mitotic figures. These cells partly showed dyskeratotic or acantholytic features. Mucin was negative. The patient died at 8 months after the operation. Autopsy revealed widely spreading metastases in which an adenoid structure was outstanding. These unusual pathological features and an aggressive behavior of this tumor, which were hitherto rarely described for adenoid squamous cell carcinoma, seemed to be a poorly differentiated variant of the tumor. This malignant transformation might be derived from loss of cohesion of the pre-existing usual well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in the basal and parabasal layers, inparting marked invasiveness of these cells into the supporting connective tissue. 相似文献
52.
Teiichi Motoyama Tamaki Ohta Yoichi Ajioka Hidenobu Watanabe 《Pathology international》1994,44(1):57-65
Five cases of non-molar trophoblastic disease including one placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT), two exaggerated placental sites and two choriocarcinomas were compared with each other and with normal chorionic villi and placental site. This involved light microscopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. Comparison of PSTT with choriocarcinoma suggested that the former represented a neoplastic transformation of placental site intermediate trophoblast. The PSTT showed a characteristic immunohistochemical distribution of human placental lactogen and human chorionic gonadotropin, resembling that of the placental site intermediate trophoblast. Placental site trophoblastic tumor cells were also characterized ultrastructurally by prominent perinuclear filaments, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, or both. Infiltrating intermediate trophoblasts in exaggerated placental sites were similar to PSTT cells rather than normal placental site intermediate trophoblasts. However cells with vacuolated cytoplasm or spindle-shaped intermediate trophoblastic ceils were observed more frequently in the PSTT than the exaggerated placental sites. The intermediate trophoblastic cells in the choriocarcinomas showed a morphologically transitional form from cytotrophoblastic cell to syncytiotrophoblastic cell, but did not share unique ultra-structural similarities with placental site intermediate trophoblasts. 相似文献
53.
Hironobu Adachi Jun Inoue Takeshi Nozu Hidenobu Aoki Hisao Ito 《Pathology international》1996,46(6):436-441
The early experience is reported here of the use of Intra-operative frozen-section service by telepathology using the Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN), a commercially available system that is being connected between the Department of Pathology of Tottori University and Matsue City Hospital, a distance of 30 km. The transfer rate is currently 64kbit/s. The frozen-section service was conducted for a total of 117 tissue specimens (organs) from 100 patients between August 1993 and May 1995. The average time taken for examination of each specimen of frozen section was 13min, ranging between 2 and 42min. The average number of transmitted Images was 6.2. Six cases necessitated more than 11 transmitted Images to make a diagnosis, while 13 cases could be diagnosed from two images only. Correct and permissible diagnoses were obtained in 109 (93.2%) out of 117 specimens when comparing the telepathology diagnosis with that of direct microscopy. Improper or misdiag-nosis was made for eight cases (specimens), which were misinterpreted as papillary carcinoma in Basedow's disease, adenoma and hyperplasia in two pheochromocytomas, solid-tubular carcinoma in phyilodes tumor, mastopathy in invasive carcinoma, metastatic carcinoma in astrocytoma, follicular lymphoma in reactive hyperplasia, and lymphadenitis in follicular lymphoma. in retrospect, diagnosis of these cases should have been deferred. From the results, it was concluded that the Intraoperatlve frozen-section service by telepathology may be a worthwhile substitute for hospitals with limited accessibility to local pathology service, in spite of pitfalls in some cases. Well prepared, high-quality frozen sections, sufficient verbal communication with surgeons, and a rather conservative attitude on the part of a well-trained pathologist seem to be the essential Ingredients for reaching an accurate decision when using telepathology. 相似文献
54.
M Yamaguchi K Hirai Y Morita T Takaishi K Ohta S Suzuki K Motoyoshi O Kawanami K Ito 《International archives of allergy and immunology》1992,97(4):322-329
Human basophils were purified from normal peripheral blood, using density gradient followed by negative panning selection. We tested the effects of hemopoietic growth factors on the survival of these basophils in vitro. In the absence of exogenous factors, basophils (purity greater than 90%) decreased in number rapidly. At day 7 only 11% of the cells remained alive in cultures; less than 1% of cells survived at day 14. Interleukin (IL)-3 maintained numbers of viable cells; cell viability was 67% at day 7 and 45% at day 14. Granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-colony-stimulating factor (CSF) exhibited slight effect on the survival; 33% of cells remained at day 7. Other growth factors including granulocyte (G)-CSF, macrophage (M)-CSF, and IL-4 had no significant effect on the survival of basophils at all. Morphological and functional characterization of cells maintained by IL-3 revealed that they belonged to the basophil lineage. These observations indicate that normal basophils possess functional receptors for IL-3 and GM-CSF and that both factors modulate immediate- and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions by prolonging the life span of basophils. 相似文献
55.
Yasuni Nakanuma Goroku Ohta Haruo Takeshita Yoshikiyo Yamazaki Kenji Doishita Masaru Shimizu 《Pathology international》1983,33(6):1095-1104
Intrahepatic biliary tree with either florid duct lesions or a moderate to severe degree of the duct loss in four livers with chronic hepatic diseases other than primary biliary cirrhosis were studied with histometric and serial section observations. Florid duct lesions, distributed segmentally in the liver, were found in one case with incomplete septal cirrhosis and one case with idiopathic portal hypertension. The florid duct lesions including marked plasma cell infiltration and occasional periductal granulomas, were not associated with any bile duct loss in the two cases. The duct lesions were reversible in one case during a long clinical course. On the other hand, a moderate to severe bile duct loss with biliary epithelial degeneration and necrosis was associated with no or little periductal inflammatory cell infiltration in one other case with chronic intrahepatic cholestasis, probably drug-induced, and in one case with idiopathic portal hypertension. Although florid duct lesions and bile duct loss were important diagnostic features of primary biliary cirrhosis, one of them was observed to develop independently in severely diseased livers, not consistent with a diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis, sclerosing cholangitis or intrahepatic bile duct paucity syndrome. 相似文献
56.
Antigenic characteristics and serological identification of 10 black-pigmented Bacteroides species. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Strains of 10 black-pigmented Bacteroides species were serologically characterized using absorbed and unabsorbed rabbit antisera. An agglutination test using intact cells or heated cells (100 degrees C for 60 min) from each species and unabsorbed antisera revealed only homologous reactions with little or no reactivity in heterologous assays. Immunodiffusion tests using sonicated antigen demonstrated that Bacteroides gingivalis, B. endodontalis, B. asaccharolyticus, B. macacae, and B. levii are antigenically distinct. Strains of B. gingivalis, B. endodontalis, and B. asaccharolyticus were also clearly identified by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody method. B. intermedius, B. corporis, B. loescheii, B. melaninogenicus, and B. denticola possessed common antigens; however, species-specific antigens detectable with immunoabsorbed antisera were also demonstrated. B. intermedius strains isolated from the human oral cavity included at least two serogroups. In each black-pigmented Bacteroides species, lipopolysaccharide constituted one of the species-specific antigens. 相似文献
57.
Fu J Hato M Ohmae H Matsuoka H Kawabata M Tanabe K Miyamoto Y Leafasia JL Chinzei Y Ohta N 《Parasitology research》2000,86(5):345-351
We analyzed the relationships between levels of antibody specific for merozoite surface glycoprotein-1 (MSP1) of Plasmodium falciparum and clinical manifestations in humans. We prepared recombinant MSP1 proteins representing block 3 (M3), block 6 (M6), blocks
1–6 (M1/6), and block 17. When we divided the slide-positive individuals in Guadalcanal into symptomatic and asymptomatic
groups, the former group showed lower IgG levels against M6 and block 17, but not against M3, than did the asymptomatic group
(P < 0.01). The possibility of nonspecific suppression was unlikely, given that the levels of antibody against poliomyelitis
virus observed in the two groups were almost the same. Among the IgG subclasses tested, production of cytophilic IgG3 seemed to be dominant. When we analyzed epitopes recognized by antibodies against block 17, a peptide (SSSNFLGIS) was preferentially
recognized by sera from asymptomatic individuals. These results suggest that clinical symptoms occurring during falciparum
malaria seem to be associated with the development of levels of antibody against particular epitopes on MSP1, which is under
the control of an immunoregulatory mechanism.
Received: 1 October 1999 / Accepted: 21 October 1999 相似文献
58.
Terada T Matsunaga Y Maeta H Endo K Horie S Ohta T 《Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology》1999,435(6):606-611
We report an autopsy case of mixed ductal-endocrine carcinoma of the pancreas presenting as gastrinoma with Zollinger-Ellison
syndrome. A 38-year-old Japanese male was found to have Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and pancreatic gastrinoma, and gastrectomy
and resection of the pancreatic tumor were performed. However, hypergastrinemia persisted, and the patient died of disseminated
carcinomatosis at 62 years of age, 24 years after the onset of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. At autopsy, the main tumor was
present in the residual pancreas, and metastases were noted in many organs. In the pancreas and other organs, ductal and endocrine
carcinoma areas were mixed and there was a gradual transition between the two. No acinar differentiation was noted. The ductal
elements were positive for mucins and carcinoembryonic antigen but negative for neuroendocrine markers, while endocrine elements
were positive for chromogranin A and synaptophysin and to a lesser extent for gastrin, but negative for mucins and carcinoembryonic
antigen. The ductal elements comprised about 30% of the tumor cells, and endocrine elements 70%. According to the revised
World Health Organization classification, our case was diagnosed as mixed ductal-endocrine carcinoma. Our case is rare because
the tumor manifested as gastrinoma with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and the patient survived for 24 years. To the best of our
knowledge, no such case has been reported. Our case suggests that pancreatic endocrine tumors may evolve into mixed ductal-endocrine
carcinomas.
Received: 14 April 1999 / Accepted: 7 July 1999 相似文献
59.
Kazuhiro Tsukamoto Nobutaka Ohta Yasumasa Shirai M. Emi 《Journal of human genetics》1998,43(4):278-279
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in activated monocytes exerts cytotoxic activity and has a variety of other biological
effects. We isolated a polymorphic dinucleotide (CA) repeat sequence from a genomic clone containing the gene located at 6p21.3.
High heterozygosity (0.80) makes this polymorphism a useful marker in the genetic study of disorders affecting immunological
response and cell differentiation.
Received: June 2, 1998 / Accepted: June 24, 1998 相似文献
60.
Y Ohta K Shimamura N Lertprasertsuke M Horiuchi R Y Osamura 《Acta pathologica japonica》1989,39(7):446-450
An autopsy case of malignant midline reticulosis (MMR) is reported. The patient, a 42-year-old Japanese male, died after a clinical course of 22 months. Autopsy revealed extensive infiltration of generalized organs by the tumor cells, suggesting that the disease was highly malignant in nature. Staining with monoclonal antibodies against T-cell surface antigens Leu 4 on frozen sections and UCHL1 on paraffin-embedded sections enabled us to examine the phenotype of the tumor cells with good morphological preservation and to verify the T cell nature of the tumor. 相似文献