Anterior urethral recurrence of superficial bladder cancer: its clinical significance

The aim of this study was to reveal the clinical features of anterior urethral recurrence in patients with superficial bladder cancer, and to determine the appropriate treatment. Three hundred and three patients with superficial bladder cancer, who were newly diagnosed and initially treated conservatively in our hospital between 1965 and 1990, were followed for at least 5 years and their clinical outcomes were analyzed. Clinical factors, including anterior urethral recurrence, were evaluated statistically regarding tumor progression. Eight patients (2.6%) had anterior urethral recurrence following superficial bladder cancer. Twenty-four patients (7.9%) had tumor progression and 149 (49.2%) had tumor recurrence. In a multivariate analysis using a logistic model, anterior urethral recurrence was the most important factor, followed by histological grade. Four of 5 patients who were treated for anterior urethral recurrent tumors by transurethral resection showed progression and died of the cancer within one year. Two of the remaining three patients who underwent radical cysto-urethrectomy at the time of anterior urethral recurrence survived. Anterior urethral recurrence following superficial bladder cancer is a predictor for rapid subsequent malignant progression. Once there is anterior urethral recurrence, radical intensive therapy, including radical cysto-urethrectomy, should be carried out immediately.     

Overexpression of the Del1 gene causes dendritic branching in the mouse mesentery

In the present study, we established transgenic mice overexpressing Del1, a ligand of integrins, to examine the effect of overexpression of Del1 on vascular morphogenesis. In the wild-type mouse, mesenteric vessels are shaped like rakes consisting of a long stalk and short branches at the periphery. In contrast, those in transgenic mice showed typical dendritic architecture consisting of a few large primary branches with smaller spreading branches. The phenotype of mice overexpressing Del1 suggests the existence of a tissue-specific mechanism for branching morphogenesis in the mesentery.     

Development of analysis of drugs and toxic substances that can play an immediate role in emergency medical service: what is to be analyzed?

Our laboratory was capable of analyzing less than 20 drugs and toxic substances at the time of the establishment of the Center in 1994. Since the poisoning crimes in 1998, such as the curry poisoning with arsenic in Wakayama, the sodium azide poisoning in Niigata, and the potassium cyanide poisoning in Nagano, we have introduced methods for rapid qualitative analysis of arsenic compounds, cyanides and azides, and developed methods for qualitative analysis of three types of surfactants (cationic, anionic, and nonionic) on the basis of the statistics for intoxication patients transferred to the Center. In 1999, the Analysis Method Investigation Committee of the Japanese Society for Clinical Toxicology requested individual medical institutions to analyze 15 selected intoxicating substances, focusing on the following three aspects. 1. Intoxication with a high degree of fatality. 2. Intoxication where analysis plays an immediate role in treatment. 3. Intoxication with a high frequency of requests by clinical physicians for analysis. The selected substances included methanol, barbital drugs, benzodiazepines, tricyclic or tetracyclic antidepressants, methamphetamine, acetaminophen, salicylic acid, bromovalerylurea, organophosphorus pesticides, carbamate pesticides, paraquat, glufosinate, cyanides, arsenic, and theophylline. Responding to the Committee's request, out laboratory has been making efforts so that analysis of drugs and intoxicating substances can play an immediate role in emergency medical service, giving the highest priority to the aforementioned 15 substances. As a result, anyone of us can now rapidly analyze about 35 substances, including those listed by the Society, day and night.     

General Pathology Of Kawasaki Disease

Systemic pathological alterations were studied in thirty-seven autopsied patients with Kawasaki disease. Systemic vasculitis was the most characteristic pathological finding and was present in all the patients. In addition to the vasculitis, there was a high incidence of inflammatory lesions in various organs and tissues: in the heart, endocarditis, myocarditis, and pericarditis; in the digestive system, stomatitis, sialoduct-adenitis, catarrhal enteritis, hepatitis, cholangitis, pancreatitis, and pancreas ductitis; in the respiratory system, bronchitis and segmental interstitial pneumonia; in the urinary system, focal interstitial nephritis, cystitis, and prostatitis; in the nervous system, aseptic leptomeningitis, choriomeningitis, ganglionitis, and neuritis; in the hematopoietic system, lymphadenitis, splenitis, and thymitis. Dermatitis, panniculitis or myositis were also observed in some patients. Therefore, Kawasaki disease is a systemic inflammatory disease which mainly affects the cardiovascular system. These systemic inflammatory lesions are considered to correspond to the variegated clinical manifestaitions. The relationship between Kawasaki disease and infantile polyarteritis nodosa (IPN) were discussed, based on the clinicopathological characteristics.     

Cloning of a truncated Babesia equi gene encoding an 82-kilodalton protein and its potential use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

To isolate Babesia equi genes encoding immunodominant proteins, a cDNA expression library prepared from B. equi mRNA was immunoscreened with B. equi-infected horse serum. Eighteen positive cDNA clones were obtained, and the clone that showed the strongest immunoreactivity, designated Be82, was further characterized. The Be82 gene consisted of 1,953 bp and contained a partial open reading frame lacking the 5'-terminal sequence. As shown by Western blot analyses, immune sera from mice intraperitoneally injected with the Be82 gene product recognized the 82- and 52-kDa proteins of B. equi but not those of Babesia caballi. The glutathione S-transferase fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli that was purified and used as the antigen in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reacted specifically with B. equi-infected horse sera. These results suggest that the Be82 gene product is a potential diagnostic antigen candidate in the detection of B. equi infection in horses that will be useful both in the performance of epidemiological studies and in the granting of quarantine passes.     

Raman spectroscopic study of hydrogen bonding of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) in heavy water and dimethyl sulfoxide

The Raman spectra of solutions of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP; M?_w = 1 000, 10 000, 40 000 and 360 000) in D₂O and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were measured at various concentrations. PVP is hydrated by D₂O in a manner different from N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (NEP) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), monomer analogues of PVP. The self-association of DMSO molecules in the solution of PVP was found to be different from that in the solution of NMP by using difference spectroscopy. These phenomena were attributed to a net-like structure of concentrated solutions of PVP.     

Cytogenetic studies of Hynobiidae (Urodela) XIX. Morphological variation of sex chromosomes pairing behavior of sex lampbrush chromosomes in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hynobius quelpaertensis</Emphasis> (Mori) from Cheju Island,South Korea

Using Giemsa staining, C-banding and Ag-NOR staining techniques, we analyzed chromosomes in adult male and female Hynobius quelpaertensis and in embryos of this species in egg sacs collected from eight localities of Cheju Island, South Korea. Chromosome pair 21 was consistently homomorphic in male specimens, while it was heteromorphic in female specimens, suggesting the occurrence of ZZ/ZW sex chromosome constitution in this species. The W chromosome, being much larger than the Z chromosome, was of three morphologically distinct types: W^A, W^B and W^C. Lampbrush chromosomes examined in the oocytes of one female specimen having the W^A chromosome showed that the short arm of the W^A chromosome and the long arm of the Z chromosome paired closely and hence are genetically homologous. We also tried to analyze the structural relationship among the three types of W chromosomes based on their C-banding and Ag-NOR patterns.     

M pathway and areas 44 and 45 are involved in stereoscopic recognition based on binocular disparity

We characterized the visual pathways involved in the stereoscopic recognition of the random dot stereogram based on the binocular disparity employing a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The V2, V3, V4, V5, intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and the superior temporal sulcus (STS) were significantly activated during the binocular stereopsis, but the inferotemporal gyrus (ITG) was not activated. Thus a human M pathway may be part of a network involved in the stereoscopic processing based on the binocular disparity. It is intriguing that areas 44 (Broca's area) and 45 in the left hemisphere were also active during the binocular stereopsis. However, it was reported that these regions were inactive during the monocular stereopsis. To separate the specific responses directly caused by the stereoscopic recognition process from the nonspecific ones caused by the memory load or the intention, we designed a novel frequency labeled tasks (FLT) sequence. The functional MRI using the FLT indicated that the activation of areas 44 and 45 is correlated with the stereoscopic recognition based on the binocular disparity but not with the intention artifacts, suggesting that areas 44 and 45 play an essential role in the binocular disparity.