全文获取类型
收费全文 | 13225篇 |
免费 | 668篇 |
国内免费 | 65篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 105篇 |
儿科学 | 323篇 |
妇产科学 | 150篇 |
基础医学 | 1824篇 |
口腔科学 | 352篇 |
临床医学 | 937篇 |
内科学 | 3642篇 |
皮肤病学 | 339篇 |
神经病学 | 958篇 |
特种医学 | 428篇 |
外科学 | 1649篇 |
综合类 | 54篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 491篇 |
眼科学 | 341篇 |
药学 | 989篇 |
中国医学 | 24篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1351篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 70篇 |
2022年 | 107篇 |
2021年 | 247篇 |
2020年 | 153篇 |
2019年 | 208篇 |
2018年 | 279篇 |
2017年 | 224篇 |
2016年 | 262篇 |
2015年 | 258篇 |
2014年 | 316篇 |
2013年 | 406篇 |
2012年 | 584篇 |
2011年 | 699篇 |
2010年 | 388篇 |
2009年 | 348篇 |
2008年 | 688篇 |
2007年 | 720篇 |
2006年 | 623篇 |
2005年 | 708篇 |
2004年 | 700篇 |
2003年 | 646篇 |
2002年 | 610篇 |
2001年 | 325篇 |
2000年 | 313篇 |
1999年 | 304篇 |
1998年 | 145篇 |
1997年 | 121篇 |
1996年 | 142篇 |
1995年 | 104篇 |
1994年 | 112篇 |
1993年 | 111篇 |
1992年 | 290篇 |
1991年 | 251篇 |
1990年 | 210篇 |
1989年 | 258篇 |
1988年 | 228篇 |
1987年 | 236篇 |
1986年 | 224篇 |
1985年 | 198篇 |
1984年 | 131篇 |
1983年 | 112篇 |
1982年 | 59篇 |
1981年 | 53篇 |
1980年 | 48篇 |
1979年 | 94篇 |
1978年 | 59篇 |
1977年 | 53篇 |
1971年 | 49篇 |
1969年 | 49篇 |
1968年 | 46篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
102.
Yozo Miura Yuzo Morimoto Masayoshi Kinoshita 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1974,175(12):3487-3493
2,4,6-Triphenyl-3,4-dihydro-s-tetrazin-1(2H)-yl ( 1 ) (1,3,5-triphenylverdazyl) was allowed to react with ethyl- and butyllithium, ethyl-, isopropyl-, and butylmagnesium bromide, as well as benzylmagnesium chloride to give the coupling products 2a–d . These results indicate that structures corresponding to 2 are present in the polymers resulting from vinyl monomers containing the verdazyl structure, if they are initiated with alkyllithium or a Grignard reagent. A reaction mechanism is discussed. 相似文献
103.
Shibata M Kanamori S Ohsawa Y Watanabe T Yayoi Y Miura M Kominami E Uchiyama Y 《Archives of histology and cytology》2001,64(1):17-28
CED-9 prevents apoptosis in embryonic cells of Caenorhabditis elegans but not in mammalian cells. We show here that the prevention of apoptosis in mammalian cells requires a CED-3-cleaved form (68-280) of CED-9 which is localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The viability of PC12 and HeLa cells was significantly increased after death stimuli when truncated CED-9 was expressed in these cells but full-length CED-9 did not. The truncated CED-9 expressed in these cells was largely localized to the inner mitochondrial and the endoplasmic reticulum membranes, while full-length CED-9 was detected mainly in endoplasmic reticulum fractions. Moreover, truncated CED-9 in purified mitochondria was resistant to trypsin digestion, but full-length CED-9 was not. These results suggest that the CED-3-cleaved form of CED-9 prevents apoptosis in mammalian cells by localizing to the inner mitochondrial membrane. 相似文献
104.
Koichiro Yuji Shigesaburo Miyakoshi Daisuke Kato Yuji Miura Tomohiro Myojo Naoko Murashige Yukiko Kishi Kazuhiro Kobayashi Eiji Kusumi Hiroto Narimatsu Tamae Hamaki Tomoko Matsumura Masahiro Kami Takahiro Fukuda Shigeru Masuo Kazuhiro Masuoka Atsushi Wake Junichi Ueyama Akiko Yoneyama Ko Miyamoto Haruhisa Nagoshi Michio Matsuzaki Shinichi Morinaga Yoshitomo Muto Yoichi Takeue Shuichi Taniguchi 《Biology of blood and marrow transplantation》2005,11(4):314-318
We report the results of reduced-intensity unrelated cord blood transplantation (RI-UCBT) in patients with advanced malignant lymphoma. Twenty patients (median age, 46.5 years; range, 27-66 years) underwent RI-UCBT with a preparative regimen consisting of fludarabine 125 mg/m2 , melphalan 80 mg/m 2 , and 4 Gy of total body irradiation. The median infused total cell dose was 2.75 x 10(7)/kg (range, 2.3-3.4 x 10(7)/kg). Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was composed of cyclosporine or tacrolimus alone. Fifteen patients achieved primary neutrophil engraftment after a median of 20 days. Eight patients developed grade II to IV acute GVHD, and 2 developed chronic GVHD. Of the 16 patients with evaluable disease, 10 achieved a complete response. Primary disease recurred in 1 patient, and transplant-related mortality within 100 days occurred in 8 of 20 patients. The estimated 1-year probability of progression-free survival was 50%. These data suggest that RI-UCBT is a feasible option for patients with refractory lymphoma who lack an HLA-matched donor. 相似文献
105.
Kawano Y Fukuda J Itoh H Takai N Nasu K Miyakawa I 《American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)》2004,52(2):124-128
PROBLEM: In order to investigate the role of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and monocyte chemoattractant protein -1 (MCP-1) in human ovulation, we studied the regulation of M-CSF and MCP-1 in cultured human granulosa cells. METHOD OF STUDY: Immortalized granulosa cells (GC1a) were cultured in serum-free medium, and incubated with interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The supernatants were collected, and M-CSF and MCP-1 were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: The levels of M-CSF and MCP-1 were increased after treatment with IL-1alpha (1 nm) and TNF-alpha (1 nm) in a time-dependent manner. The levels of M-CSF and MCP-1 were significantly increased after treatment with IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha in a dose-dependent manner. However, the levels of M-CSF and MCP-1 were significantly decreased by treatment with IL-1alpha (1 nm) and/or increasing concentrations of IL-1 ra. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicated that M-CSF and MCP-1 were regulated by IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha. It was suggested that M-CSF and MCP-1 may play an important role in human preovulatory processes. 相似文献
106.
Our previous study showed that the saliency of a target increases the gain of smooth pursuit initiation. In this study, we examined the interocular transfer of this effect in five humans. A square red frame surrounding the target was used as a cue to indicate the initial target position. In the cue condition, the responses were similar, irrespective of the eye to which the cue was presented, and were significantly larger than in the no-cue condition. The result suggests that central pathways that receive input from both eyes mediate the effect of saliency on smooth pursuit initiation. 相似文献
107.
Tsukamoto H Takei I Ishii K Fukada H Ohtake T Kikuchi H Hirose N Watanabe K 《Rinsho byori. The Japanese journal of clinical pathology》2005,53(9):818-824
In patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM), the relationship between the prevalence rate of small dense LDL (sdLDL) and parameters of lipid metabolism was analyzed using the method devised by modified Krauss method using apoferritin as an internal standard. The prevalence rate of sdLDL was 34% compared with it of normal subjects in this study. When the severity of Type 2 DM was classified into three groups of the HbA1c value, neither the sdLDL size nor its prevalence rate differed significantly depending upon the severity of the Type 2 DM. Also, when the prevalence rate of sdLDL was analyzed in relation to the severity of complications, i.e., of microangiopathy (retinopathy and nephropathy) or macroangiopathy (cerebral infarction), there was no significant difference in the prevalence rate of sdLDL depending on the severity of any of these complications. On the other hand, the prevalence rate of sdLDL was found to be correlated with the serum TG level. The serum level of TG-rich remnants (metabolites of TG) was also high in patients with sdLDL. It should take notice that the assessment of sdLDL should be used the authorized method for the evaluation. Thus it is concluded that the levels of sdLDL were important in evaluation of Type 2 DM. The prevalence rate of sdLDL did not correlate with the severity, nor the modalities for the complications of Type 2 DM. 相似文献
108.
Protective Role of Nitric Oxide in Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Mice 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Infection and immunity》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Sanae Sasaki Tomisato Miura Shinsuke Nishikawa Kyogo Yamada Mayuko Hirasue Akio Nakane 《Infection and immunity》1998,66(3):1017-1022
This study was carried out to determine the role of nitric oxide (NO) in Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice. NO production in spleen cell cultures was induced by heat-killed S. aureus. Expression of mRNA of the inducible isoform of NO synthase (iNOS) was induced in the spleens and kidneys of S. aureus-infected mice. When mice were treated with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) or gamma interferon (IFN-γ) before S. aureus infection, the induction of iNOS mRNA expression in the kidneys was inhibited. These MAbs also inhibited NO production in spleen cell cultures stimulated with heat-killed S. aureus. NO production in the spleen cell cultures and levels of urinary nitrate plus nitrite were suppressed by treatment with aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inhibitor of iNOS. The survival rates of AG-treated mice were significantly decreased by either lethal or sublethal S. aureus infections. However, an effect of AG administration on bacterial growth was not observed in the spleens and kidneys of mice during either type of infection. Production of TNF-α and IFN-γ was not affected by AG treatment in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that NO plays an important role in protection from lethality by the infection, but the protective role of NO in host resistance against S. aureus infection was not proved. Moreover, our results show that TNF-α and IFN-γ regulate NO production while NO may not be involved in the regulation of the production of these cytokines during S. aureus infection. 相似文献
109.
Conserved tRNA gene cluster in starfish mitochondrial DNA 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Howard T. Jacobs Shuichi Asakawa Takeyoshi Araki Kin-ichiro Miura Michael J. Smith Kimitsuna Watanabe 《Current genetics》1989,15(3):193-206
Summary Partial sequencing of mtDNA from four long-diverged species of starfish reveals the existence of a conserved cluster of 13 tRNA genes, organized in a manner similar to that of the tRNA cluster of sea urchin mtDNA, but located at a position distant from the presumed replication origin. These findings suggest that a clustered organization of tRNA genes may have been present in the ancestral mitochondrial genome, and raise the possibility that tRNAs may have catalyzed the dispersal rather than the accumulation of the genes which encode them. 相似文献
110.
Shinkai T De Luca V Zai G Shaikh S Matsumoto C Arnold PD Hwang R King N Trakalo J Potapova N Wong G Hori H Wong AH Ohmori O Nakamura J Kennedy JL 《Psychiatric genetics》2004,14(3):177-180
OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress such as free radical-mediated neuronal dysfunction may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The human glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) is a selenium-dependent enzyme, which plays an important role in the detoxification of free radicals. We therefore hypothesized that the GPX1 gene, which is located on chromosome 3p21.3, may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The aim of this study is to examine whether a potentially functional polymorphism, a proline (Pro) to leucine (Leu) substitution at codon 197 (Pro197Leu) of the human GPX1 gene, is associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia. METHODS: We genotyped the Pro197Leu polymorphism in a total of 113 nuclear families that had a proband with schizophrenia. Genetic association was tested using the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), the sib transmission disequilibrium test (STDT), and the family-based association test (FBAT). RESULTS: The minor allele (Leu) frequency was calculated to be 0.282. We could not find significant transmission disequilibrium of the alleles for the Pro197Leu polymorphism in the GPX1 gene in association with the presence of schizophrenia in our family sample (TDT, chi2=0.03, degrees of freedom=1, P=0.86; combined TDT-STDT, Z'=-0.052, P=0.47; FBAT, Z=0.000, P=1.000). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the GPX1 polymorphism is unlikely to be associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia. 相似文献