Acquired pMHC I Complexes Greatly Enhance CD4~+ Th Cell’s Stimulatory Effect on CD8~+ T Cell-Mediated Diabetes in Transgenic RIP-mOVA Mice

CD4+ helper T (Th) cells play pivotal roles in induction of CD8+ CTL immunity. However, the mechanism of CD4+ T cell help delivery to CD8+ T cells in vivo is still elusive. In this study, we used ovalbumin (OVA)-pulsed dendritic cells (DCOVA) to activate OT-II mouse CD4+ T cells, and then studied the help effect of these CD4+ T cells on CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. We also examined CTL mediated islet β cell destruction which led to diabetes in wild-type C57BL/6 mice and transgenic rat insuli...     

On the variability of QRS time-duration in magnetocardiographic recordings

High resolution electrocardiography (HRECG) recordings have already shown an increased beat-to-beat microvariability of the QRS duration of the terminal QRS in patients with a history of ventricular tachycardia (VT). The purpose of this study is to detect QRS-duration microvariability with magnetocardiographic (MCG) recordings in normals, patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI), and VT patients. QRS microvariability is calculated as the variance of time-shifts of single beats respectively to the average of all beats. The average over all channels of the MCG is performed. QRS microvariability was evaluated from 55-channel MCG in 15 normal persons, in 12 patients with CHD, in 13 patients with MI, and in 10 patients with VT. We found a significantly higher microvariability in patients with MI compared to normals. The highest microvariability was found in VT patients.     

国际淋巴瘤放射治疗协作组(ILROG)现代放射治疗靶区勾画及剂量指南——HL

放疗是HL最有效的LC治疗手段和重要的治疗组成部分。这些指南用来指导现代综合治疗条件下放疗在HL中的应用。结合现代影像的三维治疗计划和先进的治疗技术,能减少照射体积和照射剂量。最初使用的EF和IF技术,是基于淋巴结站的大体积治疗方式,目前已被仅以最初可检测到的淋巴结(和结外侵犯)范围为基础的有限的照射野所取代。这种照射技术基于增强CT、PET-CT、MRI或结合运用。ICRU定义了GTV、CTV、ITV和PTV概念。更新的治疗技术包括IMRT、呼吸门控、IGRT和4D图像应用,可以显著降低正常组织损伤风险且同时可达到对原发肿瘤控制的主要目的。能够获得理想治疗前影像患者,可以采用高度适形的受累淋巴结放疗(INRT)。受累部位放疗(ISRT)这个新概念作为标准的适形治疗方式被提出,通常在最佳的影像不可获得的情况下使用。越来越多证据表明过去应用的放疗剂量在综合治疗时代比疾病控制所需剂量高。现有数据支持在早期HL中应用INRT和更低放疗剂量。尽管INRT的应用尚未在正式的研究中得到验证,其应用比ISRT更加保守谨慎,原因为欠理想的影像信息和合适的靶区设计以达到可靠的肿瘤LC。目前使用更小照射野治疗的目标是减少治疗体积和剂量,同时维持治疗有效性并使急性和晚期并发症最小化。这篇综述是ILROG督导委员会关于HL放疗现代治疗手段的共识,概括了对HL在可以达到有效LC的同时减少治疗体积的新概念,即ISRT。