二十二碳六烯酸改善棕榈酸诱导的C2C12细胞胰岛素抵抗作用

目的 观察二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)对棕榈酸诱导的C2C12细胞胰岛素抵抗的影响.方法 将C2C12细胞诱导分化成熟,加棕榈酸及DHA处理,通过实时聚合酶链反应(real-Time qPCR)及免疫印迹检测C2C12细胞葡萄糖转运体4(GLUT4)、胰岛素受体-β(IR-β)、胰岛素受体底物-1(IRS-1)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)表达;谷胱甘肽检测试剂盒检测超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,荧光分光光度计检测活性氧(ROS);[3H]-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖检测C2C12细胞葡萄糖摄取量.结果 棕榈酸组与对照组比较,磷酸化胰岛素受体底物-1(P-IRS-1)的表达上调[(2.9±0.3)比(1.1±0.1),P＜0.05];磷酸化胰岛素受体-β(p-IRβ)表达下调[(0.87 ±0.09)比(1.58±0.21),P＜0.05];GLUT4表达下调[(1.1±0.3)比(3.3±0.4),P＜0.05];炎症分子MCP-1、IL-6、iNOS表达明显上升:[MCP-1:(27.2±0.6)比(1.0±0.1),P＜0.001;IL-6:(94.9 ±6.5)比(0.8±0.0),P＜0.001;iNOS:(288.0±15.6)比(1.8±0.6),P＜0.001].C2C12细胞氧化应激标志物ROS升高2.1倍(P＜0.05),SOD、GSH-Px活性分别下降63％及49％(P＜0.05);DHA组与棕榈酸组比较,p-IRS-1的表达下调[(1.3±0.2)比(2.9±0.3),P＜0.05],p-IRβ表达上调[(1.3±0.2)比(0.9±0.1),P＜0.05],GLUT4表达明显升高[(2.8±0.4)比(1.1±0.3),P ＜0.05];炎症分子MCP-1、IL-6、iNOS表达均明显下调[MCP-1:(18.5±0.3)比(27.2 ±0.6),P＜0.001;IL-6:(1.7±0.4)比(94.9±6.5),P＜0.001;iNOS:(5.0±0.9)比(288.0 ±15.6),P＜0.001],氧化应激标志物ROS下降55％(P＜0.05),SOD、GSH-Px活性升高72％及64％ (P ＜0.05).结论 DHA通过激活C2C12细胞的胰岛素信号通路,减少细胞的炎症反应及氧化应激而改善胰岛素抵抗.     

超声吸引刀联合双极电凝与射频凝血器肝切除术的临床比较

目的探讨超声吸引刀(cut-ultrasound aspiration,CUSA)联合双极电凝与射频凝血器(radiofrequency coagulation device,RFA)行肝切除术的临床应用效果。方法回顾性分析我院2012年1月至2013年12月期间肝胆外科治疗的108例肝切除术患者的临床资料,根据术中采用断肝方式不同分为两组:射频凝血器组(RFA组)55例和超声吸引刀联合双极电凝组(CUSA组)53例。比较两组肝门阻断率、手术时间、术中出血量、输血率、术后肝功能、术后并发症发生率、术后住院时间的差异,进行分析评价。结果两组患者围术期均无死亡病例;射频凝血器切肝肝断面形成1.5~2 cm的消融凝固带,而超声吸引刀联合双极电凝切肝肝断面损伤厚约0.5 cm肝组织。与CUSA组比较,射频凝血器组肝门阻断率低、手术时间短、术中出血少、输血率低(P<0.05)。两组术后肝功能、并发症发生率、术后住院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应用射频凝血器与超声吸引刀联合双极电凝行肝脏切除都是安全有效的,可根据各自优缺点选择应用。     

带线锚钉及锁骨钩钢板固定治疗胸锁关节脱位的疗效比较

目的比较利用带线锚钉及锁骨钩钢板两种不同内固定方式手术治疗胸锁关节脱位的疗效。方法回顾性分析2005年1月~2013年1月在我科住院治疗胸锁关节脱位患者30例的手术资料,分别采用切开复位带线锚钉固定(A组)及锁骨钩钢板内固定(B组)治疗。比较两组的手术时间、切口长度、术中出血量、临床愈合时间、术后并发症、术后功能恢复程度等方面指标和疗效。结果 30例患者切口均愈合良好,影像学检查提示所有患者复位满意及内固定位置良好。所有患者获得完整的随访,随访时间6~18个月,平均14个月。依据Rockwood评分法进行术后胸锁关节功能评定,所有患者外观及功能均获得良好的恢复。未出现再脱位及其它副损伤,术后均恢复正常的解剖形态。结论对胸锁关节脱位采用锚钉固定能达到锁骨钩钢板固定效果,而且锚钉固定系统具有切口小、手术时间短、固定可靠、避免再次手术取出内固定等特点。     

Juniper哮喘生命质量问卷在中国哮喘患者中的初步应用

目的通过分析我国哮喘患者Juniper哮喘生命质量问卷(AQLQ)资料,总结Juniper AQLQ应用于我国哮喘患者的初步经验。方法慢性哮喘患者96例,66例用AQLQ中文自我测试版本的普通版,30例用AQLQ标准版,共210例次生命质量评估数据,分析受哮喘限制的活动选择频度、AQLQ总分及4个能区(症状、活动受限、情感功能及环境刺激)与第1秒钟用力呼气容积(FEV1)占预计值的百分比的相关性,不同程度肺功能的患者间AQLQ总分及4个能区是否有差别?观察前后生命质量发生变化时FEV1占预计值的百分比及呼气峰流速(PEF)是否发生了相应的变化?结果AQLQ总分及4个能区除环境刺激外均与FEV1占预计值的百分比呈弱相关(相关系数：0．201～0．284)。不同程度的FEV1占预计值的百分比的AQLQ总分及各能区评分可以很好地反映肺功能的差异。观察前后比较,AQLQ的变化与相应的FEV1占预计值的百分比的变化之间无相关性。AQLQ症状的变化与晨间或晚间PEF的变化相关(相关系数0．301～0．353);情感功能变化与晚间PEF的变化相关;而AQLQ总分与PEF的变化无相关性。结论Juniper AQLQ评分与肺功能相关,在反映病情变化方面可能比肺功能更敏感和更全面。Juniper AQLQ同样也适用于我国的哮喘患者。     

Antiproliferative effect of octreotide on gastric cancer cells mediated by inhibition of Akt／PKB and telomerase

AIM: To investigate the antiproliferative effect of octreotide,a long-acting analogue of somatostatin, on gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 and its possible molecular mechanisms.METHODS: Gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 employed in the study was treated with 0.008, 0.04, 0.2, 1, 5 and 25μg@ml-1 of octreotide respectively for 24 h to evaluate the antiproliferative effect of somatostatin analog on the tumor cells by MTT assay method. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, the cells were exposed to 1 μg@ml-1 of octreotide for 0, 12, 24 and 48 h, when their Akt/PKB and telomerase activities were respectively determined using PCR-ELSIA and nonradioactive protein kinase assay protocols. The same experimental procedures were also performed in the control cells that were treated with corresponding vehicles instead of somatostatin analog.RESULTS: After exposed to octreotide for 24 h at the concentrations of more than 1 μg@ml-1 SGC7901 cells exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of growth with the inhibiting rate to be as high as 34.66 % when 25 μg@ml-1 of octreotide was applied. The Akt/PKB and telomerase activity of SGC7901 cells was significantly inhibited when the cells were exposed to 1 μg@ml-1 of octreotide for 12, 24 and 48 h compared with that of their control counterparts (P＜0.01),both of which exhibited in a time-dependent manner.CONCLUSION: The antiproliferative effect of octreotide on SGC7901 cells might be mediated by the inhibition of Akt/PKB and telomerase.     

High expression of Sirt7 served as a predictor of adverse outcome in breast cancer

Objective: Sirt7, as one of the seven Sirtuin family members, which plays distinct roles in cancer progression, is bringing emerging attention due to its oncogenic characteristic. The expression of Sirt7 in breast cancer remained unclear, and the aim of this study was to elucidate its role in breast cancer. Methods: A total of 188 cases included in this study were immunohistochemically evaluated for Sirt7, and western blot assay was used to assess its expression in breast cell lines as well as 36 breast cancer tissues and 36 paired non-cancerous tissues. Results: Upregulation of Sirt7 was found in breast cancer cell lines and breast cancer tissues (P < 0.001) by western blot analysis. Sirt7 was highly expressed in breast cancer tissue samples (67.8%) compared to adjacent normal breast tissues (31.8%) by immunohistochemical assay. It was also observed that the high expression level of Sirt7 was significantly correlated with high histological grade (P = 0.039) and negatively related to overall survival (P = 0.006). Sirt7 proved to be an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.007) in breast cancer. Conclusions: Sirt7 expression was implicated with high histological grade and independently predicted poor clinical outcome in patients with breast cancer, suggesting that Sirt7 might play a role in the malignant progression of breast cancer.     

Relationship between the expression of MDR1 in hepatocellular cancer and its biological behaviors

Objective: By the detection of HBV infection, AFP and AST, the targets of biological behavior and the gene expression of multi-drug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we investigate characteristics of the expression of MDR1 in HCC and its relationship with HCC biological behavior. Methods: Using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) to detect the expressions of MDR1 in 102 samples of HCC tissue and 20 samples of non-cancerous tissue, we analyze the relationship between expressions of MDR1 and biological characteristics of HCC. Results: The expression of MDR1 in HCC is 0.55±0.27, and in normal liver tissues is 0.23±0.10, respectively. The expression in HCC is higher than it in normal liver tissue, the difference is statistically significant (P<0.05) and the difference between the expression and the HCC envelopes is statistically significant, and the expression increases along with the increase of Edmondson classification (P<0.05). HBV infection, AFP positive, the rise of AST, all these factors have positive correlations with the expression (r=0.463, 0.473, 0.299). In MDR1 expressions of HCC patients, the survival curve of the negative is higher than that of the positive, but the difference is not statistically significant. Conclusion: There are drug resistance phenomena in HCC, MDR1 expression may play an important role in primary HCC drug resistance. HBV infection can be detected as a reference indicator of HCC chemotherapy resistance, plasma levels of AFP, AST can be used as a reference index change dynamic monitoring of MDR1 expression.     

Increased expression of HMGB3: a novel independent prognostic marker of worse outcome in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

HMGB3, an X-linked member of the high-mobility group (HMG) superfamily of HMG proteins, has been shown to affect numerous tumorigenic progression. However, the expression and the prognostic role of HMGB3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remained unknown. In this study, we examined the HMGB3 expression in ESCC tissues and adjacent nontumorous tissues by qRT-PCR and immuohistochemistry. Statistical analyses were applied to test for prognostic and diagnostic associations. The mRNA levels of HMGB3 were found to be significantly higher in tumorous tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues. We found that the HMGB3 expression was higher in tumorous tissues than in the adjacent non-tumorous tissues by immunohistochemical analysis of paired tissue specimens (P < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between HMGB3 expression and gender (P = 0.037), clinical stage (P = 0.038), T classification (P = 0.013) and N classification (P = 0.017). Patients with higher HMGB3 expression had shorter overall survival than those with lower HMGB3 expression. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that HMGB3 expression is an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (HR = 0.591, 95% CI = 0.379-0.793, P = 0.039). In summary, these findings demonstrate that HMBG3 may be a potential molecular marker for predicting the prognosis of ESCC patients.     

Impact of chemokine receptor CXCR3 on tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte recruitment associated with favorable prognosis in advanced gastric cancer

Chemokine receptor CXCR3 has been proved to play an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression in many malignancies, but its precise efficacy on gastric cancer (GC) has not been evaluated yet. The present study was aimed to explore the correlation of chemokine receptor CXCR3 with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and prognosis in advanced gastric cancer (GC). Expression of CXCR3 and CD4+, CD8+ TILs was conducted in 192 advanced GC specimens and 48 corresponding paracancerous tissues by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. CXCR3 expression in GC tissues was significantly higher than that in paracancerous tissues (P<0.001) and CD8+, CD4+ TILs infiltration increased with high CXCR3 expression (P=0.032 and P<0.001, respectively). Our study showed significantly lower CXCR3 expression in patients with greater tumor invasion depth and lymph node metastasis compared with patients with lesser tumor invasion depth and without lymph node metastasis (P=0.002 and P=0.001, respectively). Univariate analysis indicated that patients with high CXCR3 expression and high CD8+ TILs infiltration had longer overall survival (OS) (log-rank test, P<0.001 and P=0.002, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that CXCR3 expression was an independent prognostic factor for OS (P=0.002). The present study suggested that CXCR3 expression was upregulated in advanced GC and was associated with increased CD4+, CD8+ TILs infiltration and improved OS. Therefore, CXCR3 overexpression is implicated as a favorable prognostic biomarker in human advanced GC.     

Genetic polymorphisms of pharmacogenomic VIP variants in the lhoba population of southwest China

Background: It is well-established that differences among ethnic groups in drug responses are primarily due to the genetic diversity of pharmacogenes. A number of genes or variants that play a crucial role in drug responses have been designated Very Important Pharmacogenes (VIP) by the PharmGKB database. Clarifying the polymorphic distribution of VIPs in different ethnic groups will aid in personalized medicine for specific populations. Methods: We sequenced 85 VIP variants in the Lhoba population based on the PharmGKB database. The polymorphic distribution of the 85 VIP variants in 100 Lhoba subjects was determined and compared with that of 11 major HapMap populations, including ASW, CEU, CHB, CHD, GIH, JPT, LWK, MEX, MKK, TSI, and YRI. We used χ² tests to identify significantly different loci between these populations. We downloaded SNP allele frequencies from the ALlele FREquency Database to observe the global genetic variation distribution for these specific loci. And then we used Structure software to perform the genetic structure analysis of 12 populations. Results: Based on comparisons of selected available loci, we found that 23, 28, 16, 10, 20, 16, 24, 19, 22, 21 and 36 of the selected VIP variant genotype frequencies in the Lhoba population differed from those of the ASW, CEU, CHB, CHD, GIH, JPT, LWK, MEX, MKK, TSI, and YRI populations, respectively. In addition, Pairwise FST values and clustering analyses also showed the VIP variants in Lhoba exhibited a close genetic affinity with CHD, CHB and JPT populations. Conclusion: Our results complement pharmacogenomic data on the Lhoba ethnic group and may be helpful in the diagnosis of certain diseases in minorities.