动脉粥样硬化性疾病的DNA甲基化改变

动脉粥样硬化是缺血性卒中、冠心病等心脑血管疾病的主要病因。既往研究发现DNA甲基化在动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生、进展中具有重要调节作用,并在病变的不同阶段表现出细胞特异性改变。本文综述了动脉粥样硬化斑块中内皮细胞、平滑肌细胞、巨噬细胞以及动脉粥样硬化性疾病患者外周血免疫细胞中DNA甲基化模式改变相关研究,总结了动脉粥样硬化性卒中患者的DNA甲基化改变,以期为新靶点的发现和疾病诊治提供新的思路。     

A Multi-Criteria Three-Way Decision Making Method in a Picture Fuzzy Probabilistic Decision System

Cognitive Computation - Three-way decision is a decision-making method based on human cognitive process, and its basic idea is to divide a universal set into three pair-wise disjoint regions to...     

Predictive value of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in curve progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Purpose

Genetic diagnosis is a promising approach because several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) progression have been reported. We review the predictive value of SNPs in curve progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Methods

We reviewed DNA-based prognostic testing to predict curve progression. Then, the multiple polymorphisms in loci related to AIS progression were also reviewed, and we elucidated the predictive value of SNPs from four functional perspectives, including endocrine metabolism, neuromuscular system, cartilage and extracellular matrix, enzymes, and cytokines.

Results

The ScoliScores were less successful predictors than expected, and the weak power of predictive SNPs might account for its failure. Susceptibility loci in ESR1, ESR2, GPER, and IGF1, which related to endocrine metabolism, have been reported to predict AIS progression. Neuromuscular imbalance might be a potential mechanism of scoliosis, and SNPs in LBX1, NTF3, and SOCS3 have been reported to predict the curve progression of AIS. Susceptibility loci in SOX9, MATN1, AJAP1, MMP9, and TIMP2, which are related to cartilage and extracellular matrix, are also potentially related to AIS progression. Enzymes and cytokines play essential roles in regulating bone metabolism and embryonic development. SNPs in BNC2, SLC39A8, TGFB1, IL-6, IL-17RC, and CHD7 were suggested as predictive loci for AIS curve progression.

Conclusions

Many promising SNPs have been identified to predict the curve progression of AIS. However, conflicting results from replication studies and different ethnic groups hamper their reliability. Convincing SNPs from multiethnic populations and functional verification are needed.

     

眶隔后壁-上睑提肌复合体折叠法矫正轻度上睑下垂的临床疗效分析

目的探讨眶隔后壁-上睑提肌复合体折叠法矫正轻度上睑下垂的效果。方法回顾性分析北京大学深圳医院2018年1月至2020年1月收治的轻度上睑下垂患者的临床资料,均由同一术者应用眶隔后壁-上睑提肌复合体折叠法进行治疗,记录术后并发症;术后6个月评估双眼对称性,包括优、良好、差;术后12个月评价上睑下垂矫正效果,包括矫正良好、基本矫正、矫正欠佳、矫正过度。结果共纳入85例患者,男36例,女49例,年龄(25.0±4.1)岁,其中双侧62例,单侧23例。获随访12个月。术后所有患者无血肿、感染、暴露性角膜炎、穹隆结膜脱垂等并发症发生。85例中双眼对称性达优者63例,良好17例,差5例,优良率为94.1%(80/85)。上睑下垂矫正良好72例,基本矫正9例,矫正欠佳4例,手术有效率为95.3%(81/85)。结论应用眶隔后壁-上睑提肌复合体折叠法矫正轻度上睑下垂,操作简单、易掌握,损伤较小,安全而有效。     

Solid lipid nanoparticles for enhancing vinpocetine's oral bioavailability.

An ultrasonic-solvent emulsification technique was adopted to prepare vinpocetine loaded Glyceryl monostearate (GMS) nanodispersions with narrow size distribution. To increase the lipid load the process was conducted at 50 degrees C, and in order to prepare nanoparticle using an ultrasonic-solvent emulsification technique. The mean particle size and droplet size distribution, drug loading capacity, drug entrapment efficiency (EE%), zeta potential, and long-term physical stability of the SLNs were investigated in detail respectively. Drug release from two sorts of VIN-SLN was studied using a dialysis bag method. A pharmacokinetic study was conducted in male rats after oral administration of 10 mg kg(-1) VIN in different formulations, it was found that the relative bioavailability of VIN in SLNs was significantly increased compared with that of the VIN solution. The amount of surfactant also had a marked effect on the oral absorption of VIN with SLN formulations. The absorption mechanism of the SLN formulations was also discussed. These results indicated that VIN absorption is enhanced significantly by employing SLN formulations. SLNs offer a new approach to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.     

修复神经节段性缺损的人工神经桥接物微观空间结构特征

背景:神经组织再生的特殊性导致始终没有一种成熟和完整的系统来解决神经组织节段性损伤后的修复问题。利用组织工程的方法去实现这个目标具有极大的难度与挑战性。目的:研制一种可用于临床神经损伤修复的人工神经桥接物,并对其进行微观空间结构的研究。设计:开放性实验研究。单位:解放军第四军医大学西京医院全军骨科研究所。材料:实验于2001-11/2003-01在解放军第四军医大学西京医院全军骨科研究所完成。Ⅰ型胶原蛋白、Ⅳ型胶原蛋白、明胶购于美国Sigma-aldrich公司。方法:制备桥接材料:分别将Ⅰ型胶原蛋白和Ⅳ型胶原蛋白放入0.05 mol/L醋酸溶液中高速搅拌制成悬浊液,混合两种悬浊液保持4℃恒温搅拌,制成胶原蛋白和硫酸类肝素的悬浊液,抽真空静置后注入内径为3 mm的硅胶管中密封两端,分别以5种不同速度(10×10-5 m/s,5×10-5 m/s,2.5×10-5 m/s,1.0×10-5 m/s,1.0×10-6 m/s)进行冷淋、赋型。行大体观察。并将以不同速度制成的各组材料切成横截面、纵截面以及45°斜截面以备光学显微镜观察。同时在扫描电镜下进行内部微管结构的观察,并进行材料内部的微管直径的计算,实际孔径=(放大率×微管面积)÷(标尺长度×孔周长)。主要观察指标:①桥接材料的大体观察结果。②桥接材料的显微镜观察结果。③桥接材料的扫描电镜观察结果以及材料内部的微管直径。结果:①大体观察:制备出的材料均为规则的圆柱体,且外型均匀。柔韧性较好,质地均匀,弹性较强。②光学显微镜结果:材料外表面为全封闭结构,无孔裂;表面光滑平整,连续性好。③电镜观察结果:材料的外表面为叠瓦状,内部的微管结构均匀,走行一致,且基本相互平行;纵向走行的微管之间相互独立,且呈封闭状态,无互通的桥连管道相连接,与生物体神经的纤维束的走行特点完全相同。材料内部微管的横截面基本为圆型,形状较为规则,直径大小较为均匀。材料内部的微管连续性好,无中断或横隔,且微管的小梁壁连续性好,表面光滑,无褶皱。材料内部的微管直径为197.3～258.8μm。结论:利用生物相容性较好且可降解的胶原和明胶经混合溶解及冷淋后形成具有单一纵向微管的神经桥接物,具有与正常神经高度仿生的微结构,可用作基础研究与临床神经损伤修复的替代物。     

基于骨肌多体动力学前臂旋前旋后的有限元分析

目的探讨前臂旋前旋后运动的肌力变化以及肱骨应力、位移的生物力学特性。 方法根据Dicom数据在MIMICS中重建三维肱骨并在Hypermesh中划分网格和材料赋值。采用志愿者的身高、体重数据在AnyBody骨骼肌肉系统中建立个性化上肢的骨骼肌肉模型,模拟前臂旋前旋后运动,导出旋前旋后运动过程中的肌力等边界条件,将此数据作为肱骨有限元分析的边界条件。最后在Abauqus中行肱骨应力、位移大小的分析。 结果前臂0°～90°旋前运动时主要是旋前圆肌、旋前方肌发挥作用,旋前圆肌约90°时肌肉力最大,旋前方肌约40°时肌肉力最大。当前臂0°～90°旋后运动时主要是旋后肌、肱二头肌发挥作用,二者肌肉力在旋后约90°时最大。旋前运动约90°时肱骨受到的应力、位移最大,而旋后运动约10°时肱骨受到的应力、位移最大。应力大致在肱骨中下1/3处集中,而位移集中在肱骨的中部及远端,且以肱骨远端最为明显。 结论利用AnyBody骨骼肌肉系统成功模拟了前臂旋前旋后运动并与有限元分析联动,在肌力加载下分析肱骨应力、位移。肱骨中下段是骨折的好发部位。     

甲硝唑联合过氧化氢对产褥感染产妇白细胞、C-反应蛋白和降钙素原水平的影响

目的探究甲硝唑联合过氧化氢溶液冲洗宫腔配合抗菌药物对产褥感染产妇白细胞(WBC)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)和降钙素原(PCT)水平的影响。方法选择2016年9月至2018年12月重庆市开州区人民医院收治的产褥感染产妇120例,根据随机数表法分为观察组和对照组,每组60例。对照组产妇给予静脉滴注青霉素和口服氨苄西林的常规抗菌药物治疗,观察组患者在对照组用药基础上加甲硝唑联合过氧化氢溶液冲洗宫腔。分别检测两组观察对象全血WBC计数和血清CRP与PCT水平。结果产后1 d两组产妇全血WBC计数、血清CRP和PCT水平差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。产后3 d和5 d,观察组患者WBC计数分别为(9.39±1.79)×10^9/L和(6.93±1.23)×10^9/L,显著低于对照组[(12.05±2.33)×10^9/L和(9.93±1.94)×10^9/L],差异有统计学意义(t=7.03、P<0.001,t=10.05、P<0.001);观察组产妇血清CRP水平分别为(22.97±10.57)mg/L和(15.42±8.82)mg/L,显著低于对照组[(31.67±12.59)mg/L和(20.86±10.83)]mg/L,差异均有统计学意义(t=3.92、P<0.001,t=2.98、P=0.01);观察组产妇血清PCT水平分别为(2.87±1.47)μg/L和(0.81±0.50)μg/L,显著低于对照组[(3.78±1.90)μg/L和(1.68±0.99)μg/L],差异有统计学意义(t=2.96、P=0.01,t=5.92、P<0.001)。观察组产妇治疗后整体有效率为98.33%(59/60),显著高于对照组[80.00%(48/60)],差异有统计学意义(χ^2=10.44、P<0.001)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,治疗(OR=0.35、95%CI:0.15~0.87、P<0.01)为影响产褥感染临床疗效的保护因素,而孕期阴道炎病史(OR=3.49、95%CI:1.12~1.89、P=0.01)和年龄(OR=1.12、95%CI:1.02~1.19、P=0.01)均为影响产褥感染临床疗效的危险因素;第2产程延长并非产褥感染临床疗效的独立危险因素(OR=2.15、95%CI:1.01~5.11、P=0.08)。结论产妇发生产褥感染时,及时有效的抗感染干预措施是必需的,是影响产褥感染临床疗效的保护因素。采用甲硝唑联合过氧化氢溶液冲洗宫腔配合抗菌药物的治疗方式对已发生产褥感染者疗效较好。     

腹腔镜下微创手术治疗肾癌合并高位肝后下腔静脉癌栓

目的探讨腹腔镜下微创手术治疗肾癌合并高位肝后下腔静脉癌栓的临床经验和文献分析。 方法女性患者,61岁,临床诊断：右肾癌合并高位肝后下腔静脉癌栓。术前全面评估手术风险,组织多学科会诊为患者制定详尽的围手术期治疗与护理方案,拟行腹腔镜下右侧肾癌根治性切除+高位肝后下腔静脉癌栓取出+腹膜后淋巴结清扫术。术后医护密切配合严密观察患者病情变化,进行围手术期观察处理与护理。 结果手术顺利完成,手术时间390 min,无中转开放手术。术中完全游离右侧和左侧肾静脉、肝后下腔静脉直达第二肝门水平远端,近右肾静脉处下腔静脉内侧壁剪开静脉壁,癌栓下部小灶性侵犯静脉壁,切除部分腔静脉壁完整取出癌栓,恢复左侧肾静脉、腔静脉血流回流无障碍。术后病理提示符合透明细胞癌,癌组织侵犯肾窦脂肪,腹膜后淋巴结（-）。术后随访6个月未见肿瘤复发。 结论腹腔镜下微创手术治疗肾癌合并高位肝后下腔静脉癌栓安全可行,多学科协助模式为疑难复杂病例提供了一种新的选择,值得临床进一步推广。     

A mobile hemangioblastoma of the cauda equina: Case report and review of the literature

Context: Cases of migratory spinal tumors have been reported since 1963. Most involve spinal schwannomas, which are benign tumors of the lining of nerve cells. We report a rare case of a mobile spinal hemangioblastoma, which is a type of benign vascular tumor.

Findings: A 50-year-old man visited the hospital for painful swelling in his lower back. An MRI scan indicated that a lesion was at the L5 vertebral level. Two weeks later, however, an enhanced MRI showed that the lesion had migrated to the L4 vertebral level. During surgery, the location of the lesion remained consistent with the enhanced MRI reviewed. The histopathological diagnosis was hemangioblastoma.

Conclusion: This is the first known report of a mobile spinal hemangioblastoma. Mobile spinal hemangioblastoma requires careful preoperative and intraoperative evaluation of its real-time location to avoid performing surgery at the wrong vertebral level.