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961.
John T. Mullen M.D. Jeffrey H. Lee M.D. Henry F. Gomez M.D. William A. Ross M.D. Norio Fukami M.D. Robert A. Wolff M.D. Eddie K. Abdalla M.D. Jean-Nicolas Vauthey M.D. Jeffrey E. Lee M.D. Peter W. T. Pisters M.D. Douglas B. Evans M.D. 《Journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2005,9(8):1094-1105
Contemporary treatment programs for patients with potentially resectable pancreatic cancer often involve preoperative therapy.
When the duration of preoperative therapy exceeds 2 months, the risk of plastic endobiliary stent occlusion increases. Metal
stents have much better patency but may complicate subsequent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). We evaluated rates of perioperative
morbidity, mortality, and stent complications in 272 consecutive patients who underwent PD at our institution from May 2001
to November 2004. Of these 272 patients, 29 (11%) underwent PD after placement of a metal stent, 141 underwent PD after placement
of a plastic stent, 10 had PD after biliary bypass without stenting, and 92 had PD without any form of biliary decompression.
No differences were found between the Metal Stent group and all other patients in median operative time, intraoperative blood
loss, or length of hospital stay. No perioperative deaths occurred in the Metal Stent group versus 3 (1.2%) deaths in the
other 243 patients. The incidence of major perioperative complications was similar between the two groups, including the rates
of pancreatic fistula, intra-abdominal abscess, and wound infection. Furthermore, there were no differences in the perioperative
morbidity or mortality rates between patients who underwent preoperative biliary decompression with a stent of any kind (metal
or plastic) and those patients who underwent no biliary decompression at all. Metal stent-related complications occurred in
2 (7%) of 29 patients during a median preoperative interval of 4.1 months; in contrast, 75 (45%) of the 166 patients who had
had plastic stents experienced complications, including 98 stent occlusions, during a median preoperative interval of 3.9
months (P < 0.001). We conclude that the use of expandable metal stents does not increase PD-associated perioperative morbidity
or mortality, and as such an expandable metal stent is our preferred method of biliary decompression in patients with symptomatic
malignant distal bile duct obstruction in whom surgery is not anticipated, or in whom there is a significant delay in the
time to surgery.
Presented at the Forty-Sixth Annual Meeting of The Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Chicago, Illinois, May 14–18,
2005 (oral presentation).
Supported by the Lockton Fund for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston,
Texas. 相似文献
962.
OBJECTIVE: The treatment of giant intracranial aneurysms is a challenge because of the limitations and difficulty of direct surgical clipping and endovascular coiling. We describe the indications, surgical technique, and complications of saphenous vein extracranial-to-intracranial bypass grafting followed by acute parent vessel occlusion in the management of these difficult lesions. METHODS: Between January 1990 and December 1999, 29 patients with giant intracranial aneurysms underwent 30 saphenous vein bypass grafts followed by immediate parent vessel occlusion. There were 11 men and 18 women with a mean follow-up period of 62 months. Twenty-five patients harbored aneurysms involving the internal carotid artery, 2 had middle cerebral artery aneurysms, and 2 had aneurysms in the basilar artery. Serial cerebral or magnetic resonance angiograms were obtained to assess graft patency and aneurysm obliteration. RESULTS: All 30 aneurysms were excluded from the cerebral circulation, with 28 vein grafts remaining patent. Two patients had graft occlusions: one because of poor runoff and the other because of misplacement of a cranial pin during a bypass procedure on the contralateral side. Other surgical complications included one death from a large cerebral infarction, homonymous hemianopsia from thrombosis of an anterior choroidal artery after internal carotid artery occlusion, and temporary hemiparesis from a presumed perforator thrombosis adjacent to a basilar aneurysm. CONCLUSION: With appropriate attention to surgical technique, a saphenous vein extracranial-to-intracranial bypass followed by acute parent vessel occlusion is a safe and effective method of treating giant intracranial aneurysms. A high rate of graft patency and adequate cerebral blood flow can be achieved. Thrombosis of perforating arteries caused by altered blood flow hemodynamics after parent vessel occlusion may be a continuing source of complications. 相似文献
963.
Katherine L. Morrow Ann H. Kim Steven A. Plato Andrew J. Shevitz Jerry Goldstone Henry Baele Vikram S. Kashyap 《Journal of vascular surgery》2017,65(5):1460-1466
Objective
Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) is regularly used in the treatment of both venous and arterial thrombosis. Although there has been no formal report, PMT has been linked to cases of reversible postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk of renal dysfunction in patients undergoing PMT vs catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) for treatment of an acute thrombus.Methods
This study is a retrospective review of all patients in a single institution with a Current Procedural Terminology code for PMT or CDT from January 2009 through December 2014. Each patient was grouped into one of the four following procedural categories: PMT only, PMT with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) pulse-spray, PMT with CDT, or CDT only. Preoperative and postoperative creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) values were obtained for each patient. The RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage renal disease) criteria were used to categorize the extent of renal dysfunction. χ2 analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and unpaired t-test were used to assess significance.Results
A total of 227 patients were reviewed, of which 82 were excluded due to either existence of preoperative AKI, history of end-stage renal disease, or lack of clinical data. Of the remaining 145 patients, 53 (37%) presented with arterial thrombosis (mean age, 62 years; 43% male) and 92 (63%) presented with venous thrombosis (mean age, 48 years; 45% male). The incidence of renal dysfunction was highest in the PMT/tPA pulse group (21%), followed by the PMT group (20%) and the PMT/CDT group (14%). CDT was not associated with renal dysfunction. PMT (P = .046), and PMT/tPA pulse (P = .033) were associated with higher rates of renal dysfunction than the CDT controls. The average preoperative GFR for the 22 patients who developed AKI was 53.7 ± 9.4 mL/min/1.73 m2. The minimum postoperative GFR within 48 hours was an average of 35 ± 16 mL/min/1.73 m2. Stratified by the RIFLE criteria, 13 (9%) patients progressed to the risk category, 6 (4%) progressed to the injury category, and 3 (2%) progressed to the failure category. None of the patients who developed renal dysfunction from PMT progressed to dialysis within the same admission period.Conclusions
The use of PMT as a treatment for vascular thrombosis is associated with renal dysfunction. Patients treated with PMT require postoperative vigilance and renal protective measures. 相似文献964.
Susan C. Pitt Henry A. Pitt Marshall S. Baker Kathleen Christians John G. Touzios James M. Kiely Sharon M. Weber Stuart D. Wilson Thomas J. Howard Mark S. Talamonti Layton F. Rikkers 《Journal of gastrointestinal surgery》2009,13(9):1692-1698
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of enucleation versus resection in patients with small pancreatic, ampullary,
and duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).
Methods Multi-institutional retrospective review identified all patients with pancreatic and peri-pancreatic NETs who underwent surgery
from January 1990 to October 2008. Patients with tumors ≤3 cm and without nodal or metastatic disease were included.
Results Of the 271 patients identified, 122 (45%) met the inclusion criteria and had either an enucleation (n = 37) and/or a resection (n = 87). Enucleated tumors were more likely to be in the pancreatic head (P = 0.003) or functioning (P < 0.0001) and, when applicable, less likely to result in splenectomy (P = 0.0003). The rate of pancreatic fistula formation was higher after enucleation (P < 0.01), but the fistula severity tended to be worse following resection (P = 0.07). The enucleation and resection patients had similar operative times, blood loss, overall morbidity, mortality, hospital
stay, and 5-year survival. However, for pancreatic head tumors, enucleation resulted in decreased blood loss, operative time,
and length of stay compared to pancreaticoduodenectomy (P < 0.05).
Conclusion These data suggest that most outcomes of enucleation and resection for small pancreatic and peri-pancreatic NETs are comparable.
However, enucleation has better outcomes than pancreaticoduodenectomy for head lesions and the advantage of preserving splenic
function for tail lesions.
Presented at the 2009 American Hepatopancreaticobiliary Association, March 14, 2009, Miami, FL
American College of Surgeons Resident Research Scholarship, NIH Grant T32 CA009614 Physician Scientist Training in Cancer
Medicine. 相似文献
965.
H Hoffmann C Kettelhack 《European surgical research. Europaische chirurgische Forschung. Recherches chirurgicales europeennes》2012,49(1):24-34
Background: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) or fast-track surgery is a perioperative and postoperative care concept initiated in the early 1990s aiming to reduce the length of hospital stays following elective abdominal surgery. Twenty treatment items defined in the Consensus Guidelines established in 2009 were included in this concept. The success of ERAS depends highly on multidisciplinary teamwork and patient compliance. Several ERAS items and their impact on perioperative and postoperative care have recently been discussed. In this connection, translational research topics triggered increasing interest in ERAS and new impulses aimed at improving the ERAS concept. We thus reviewed the surgical literature to highlight the role of translational research items in ERAS. Methods: A literature search of Medline?, PubMed? and the Cochrane Database was performed. Two investigators independently reviewed the abstracts and appropriate articles were included in this review. Results: Articles have been selected. The advantages of the ERAS concept over conventional postoperative care were established by four meta-analyses and several reviews. But, due to the lack of standardization of the protocols, the level of evidence is still low. The implementation of ERAS into clinical practice is furthermore hampered by the poor compliance with ERAS protocols and remains a challenge for the future. Moreover, recent trials challenge the role of some ERAS items, e.g. epidural anesthesia. Translational research trials investigating stress, immune and inflammatory response after surgery, new analgesic concepts, goal-directed fluid therapy and new drugs and substances to improve the outcome of ERAS provide first promising data but still need to be integrated in the ERAS concept. Conclusion: The Consensus Guidelines for ERAS are subject to the constant evolution of treatment strategies and implementation of translational research findings. Improvement of the compliance with ERAS protocols in surgical clinics and updating of ERAS items taking into account recent findings in translational research may improve the outcomes of ERAS but remain a long-term challenge in surgery for the next years. 相似文献
966.
Flowcharts for the diagnosis and treatment of acute cholangitis and cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Miura F Takada T Kawarada Y Nimura Y Wada K Hirota M Nagino M Tsuyuguchi T Mayumi T Yoshida M Strasberg SM Pitt HA Belghiti J de Santibanes E Gadacz TR Gouma DJ Fan ST Chen MF Padbury RT Bornman PC Kim SW Liau KH Belli G Dervenis C 《Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery》2007,14(1):27-34
Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for acute biliary inflammation/infection (acute cholangitis and acute cholecystitis),
according to severity grade, have not yet been established in the world. Therefore we formulated flowcharts for the management
of acute biliary inflammation/infection in accordance with severity grade. For mild (grade I) acute cholangitis, medical treatment
may be sufficient/appropriate. For moderate (grade II) acute cholangitis, early biliary drainage should be performed. For
severe (grade III) acute cholangitis, appropriate organ support such as ventilatory/circulatory management is required. After
hemodynamic stabilization is achieved, urgent endoscopic or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage should be performed.
For patients with acute cholangitis of any grade of severity, treatment for the underlying etiology, including endoscopic,
percutaneous, or surgical treatment should be performed after the patient's general condition has improved. For patients with
mild (grade I) cholecystitis, early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred treatment. For patients with moderate (grade
II) acute cholecystitis, early laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy is preferred. In patients with extensive local inflammation,
elective cholecystectomy is recommended after initial management with percutaneous gallbladder drainage and/or cholecystostomy.
For the patient with severe (grade III) acute cholecystitis, multiorgan support is a critical part of management. Biliary
peritonitis due to perforation of the gallbladder is an indication for urgent cholecystectomy and/or drainage. Delayed elective
cholecystectomy may be performed after initial treatment with gallbladder drainage and improvement of the patient's general
medical condition. 相似文献
967.
968.
Prenatal Stress Increases the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Response in Young and Adult Rats 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Chantal Henry Mohamed Kabbaj Hervé Simon Michel Le Moal Stefania Maccari 《Journal of neuroendocrinology》1994,6(3):341-345
Prenatal stress is considered as an early epigenetic factor able to induce long-lasting alterations in brain structures and functions. It is still unclear whether prenatal stress can induce long-lasting modifications in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. To test this possibility the effects of restraint stress in pregnant rats during the third week of gestation were investigated in the functional properties of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and hippocampal type I and type II corticosteroid receptors in the male offspring at 3, 21 and 90 days of age. Plasma corticosterone was significantly elevated in prenatally-stressed rats at 3 and 21 days after exposure to novelty. At 90 days of age, prenatally-stressed rats showed a longer duration of corticosterone secretion after exposure to novelty. No change was observed for type I and type II receptor densities 3 days after birth, but both receptor subtypes were decreased in the hippocampus of prenatally-stressed offspring at 21 and 90 days of life. These findings suggest that prenatal stress produces long term changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in the offspring. 相似文献
969.
Effects of cholinergic stimulation on pituitary hormone release 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bonnie M. Davis Gregory M. Brown Myron Miller Henry G. Friesen Abba J. Kastin Kenneth L. Davis 《Psychoneuroendocrinology》1982,7(4):347-354
Physostigmine was infused into human volunteers to assess the effect of central cholinergic stimulation on memory and on neuroendocrine function. Methscopolamine bromide, a peripheral anticholinergic agent, was given simultaneously. The lower dose of physostigmine (1.0 mg) produced no change in AVP, cortisol, melatonin, GH or LH in those subjects without unpleasant cholinergic side effects. Larger doses of physostigmine usually produced nausea, and were associated with marked elevations of AVP, cortisol and prolactin, but no change in GH, LH or melatonin. Thus, cholinergic agents easily induce a stress response, but the GH component of this response can be suppressed by peripheral cholinergic blockade. 相似文献
970.
Metabolic alterations in immature rabbit joint tissues were examined following in vitro and in vivo exposure to the alkylating agents Thiotepa and nitrogen mustard. Brief exposure in vitro to either agent resulted in marked suppression of incorporation of radiolabeled precursors of protein, RNA, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis in articular cartilage, which was partially reversible after Thiotepa exposure. In vivo, nitrogen mustard had little effect on synovium and transient inhibitory effects on cartilage vital processes, whereas Thiotepa caused a prolonged inhibition of synovial metabolism with little effect on cartilage. Autoradiographic localization of labeled agents indicated that synovial tissue and cartilage were readily penetrated by nitrogen mustard, but only a few synovial lining cells and superficial chondrocytes were labeled with 35S-Thiotepa. Furthermore, trypsin significantly reduced labeling of cartilage with 14C-nitrogen mustard. These data suggest that alkylating agents differentially affect metabolic processes in joint tissues in vivo and that with Thiotepa, this interference occurs primarily in the synovium. The degree of interference is apparently dependent upon time of exposure to the agents and the relative DNA-RNA synthetic activity of the joint tissue. 相似文献