全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1379篇 |
免费 | 97篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 3篇 |
儿科学 | 94篇 |
妇产科学 | 58篇 |
基础医学 | 135篇 |
口腔科学 | 19篇 |
临床医学 | 154篇 |
内科学 | 235篇 |
皮肤病学 | 29篇 |
神经病学 | 89篇 |
特种医学 | 85篇 |
外科学 | 112篇 |
综合类 | 43篇 |
预防医学 | 205篇 |
眼科学 | 33篇 |
药学 | 102篇 |
中国医学 | 4篇 |
肿瘤学 | 89篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 21篇 |
2020年 | 17篇 |
2019年 | 17篇 |
2018年 | 28篇 |
2017年 | 22篇 |
2016年 | 22篇 |
2015年 | 17篇 |
2014年 | 34篇 |
2013年 | 53篇 |
2012年 | 42篇 |
2011年 | 39篇 |
2010年 | 48篇 |
2009年 | 35篇 |
2008年 | 47篇 |
2007年 | 62篇 |
2006年 | 40篇 |
2005年 | 53篇 |
2004年 | 37篇 |
2003年 | 54篇 |
2002年 | 37篇 |
2001年 | 39篇 |
2000年 | 41篇 |
1999年 | 50篇 |
1998年 | 35篇 |
1997年 | 27篇 |
1996年 | 32篇 |
1995年 | 31篇 |
1994年 | 21篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 33篇 |
1991年 | 35篇 |
1990年 | 29篇 |
1989年 | 39篇 |
1988年 | 35篇 |
1987年 | 22篇 |
1986年 | 31篇 |
1985年 | 21篇 |
1984年 | 17篇 |
1983年 | 17篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 19篇 |
1979年 | 19篇 |
1978年 | 11篇 |
1974年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 13篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 7篇 |
1970年 | 10篇 |
1969年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有1489条查询结果,搜索用时 10 毫秒
41.
42.
Evaluation of three substitutes for Percoll in sperm isolation by density gradient centrifugation 总被引:9,自引:4,他引:9
Silane-coated silica particle solutions (ISolate(TM) and PureSperm)TM)) and
iodixanol (OptiPrep(TM)) were compared to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated
silica particles (Percoll(TM)) in their efficacy to recover spermatozoa by
gradient centrifugation for use in assisted reproductive procedures.
Efficacy was assessed in terms of percentages of sperm recovery, sperm
vitality and motility, normal sperm morphology and normal sperm chromatin
condensation. No significant difference was found in the recovery of
spermatozoa for men with both normal sperm counts and oligozoospermia,
between PVP-coated and silane-coated particle solutions. Iodixanol had
significantly lower sperm recovery compared to the other products. Sperm
vitality, progressive motility, normal morphology and normal chromatin
condensation did not differ significantly between any of the sperm
isolation products.
相似文献
43.
44.
Lin Zhang Joseph JY Sung Jun Yu Siew C Ng Sunny H Wong Chi H Cho Simon SM Ng Francis KL Chan William KK Wu 《The Journal of pathology》2014,233(2):103-112
Helicobacter pylori and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) account for roughly 80% and 10%, respectively, of gastric carcinomas worldwide. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved and intricately regulated cellular process that involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles into double‐membrane autophagosomes that eventually fuse with lysosomes for degradation of the engulfed content. Emerging evidence indicates that xenophagy, a form of selective autophagy, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of H. pylori‐ and EBV‐induced gastric cancer. Xenophagy specifically recognizes intracellular H. pylori and EBV and physically targets these pathogens to the autophagosomal–lysosomal pathway for degradation. In this connection, H. pylori or EBV‐induced dysregulation of autophagy may be causally linked to gastric tumourigenesis and therefore can be exploited as therapeutic targets. This review will discuss how H. pylori and EBV infection activate autophagy and how these pathogens evade recognition and degradation by the autophagic pathway. Elucidating the molecular aspects of H. pylori‐ and EBV‐induced autophagy will help us better understand the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and promote the development of autophagy modulators as antimicrobial agents. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 相似文献
45.
Gehad AE Lillehoj HS Hendricks GL Mashaly MM 《Developmental and comparative immunology》2002,26(8):751-759
The early events during the initiation of immune responses following the injection of T-independent (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and T-dependent (bovine serum albumin, BSA) antigens were studied in immature male chickens. Specifically, the role of cytokines and hormones in the initiation of humoral immunity against these antigens was investigated. Both interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) increased significantly post-LPS but not post-BSA injection. While interleukin-2 (IL-2) significantly decreased post-LPS injection, IL-2 significantly increased post-BSA injection. Furthermore, corticosterone levels significantly increased and tri-iodothyronine (T(3)) levels significantly decreased post-LPS but not post-BSA injection. In this study, the results indicate that although LPS and BSA can induce a humoral antibody response in chickens, they activate different cytokines and neuroendocrine network systems. 相似文献
46.
Matthew R Powell Jeffrey D Gfeller Bryan L Hendricks Michael Sharland 《Archives of clinical neuropsychology》2004,19(5):693-702
The ability of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM; Tombaugh, 1996) to detect feigned-memory impairment was explored. The TOMM was administered to three groups: (a) a control group instructed to perform optimally, (b) a symptom-coached group instructed to feign memory problems after being educated about traumatic brain injury symptomatology, and (c) a test-coached group instructed to feign memory problems after being educated about test-taking strategies to avoid detection. The recommended cutoff scores (Tombaugh, 1996) on Trial 2 and the Retention Trial produced overall classification accuracy rates of 96%, with high levels of sensitivity and specificity. Although the symptom-coached group performed more poorly on the TOMM relative to the test-coached group, the test was equally sensitive in detecting suboptimal effort across the different coaching paradigms. 相似文献
47.
Malhotra S Khurshid A Hendricks KA Mann JR 《Journal of the National Medical Association》2008,100(9):1097-1106
48.
Polymerization of the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) around living neural cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Richardson-Burns SM Hendricks JL Foster B Povlich LK Kim DH Martin DC 《Biomaterials》2007,28(8):1539-1552
In this paper, we describe interactions between neural cells and the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) toward development of electrically conductive biomaterials intended for direct, functional contact with electrically active tissues such as the nervous system, heart, and skeletal muscle. We introduce a process for polymerizing PEDOT around living cells and describe a neural cell-templated conducting polymer coating for microelectrodes and a hybrid conducting polymer-live neural cell electrode. We found that neural cells could be exposed to working concentrations (0.01 m) of the EDOT monomer for as long as 72 h while maintaining 80% cell viability. PEDOT could be electrochemically deposited around neurons cultured on electrodes using 0.5-1 microA/mm(2) galvanostatic current. PEDOT polymerized on the electrode and surrounded the cells, covering cell processes. The polymerization was impeded in regions where cells were well adhered to the substrate. The cells could be removed from the PEDOT matrix to generate a neural cell-templated biomimetic conductive substrate with cell-shaped features that were cell attracting. Live cells embedded within the conductive polymer matrix remained viable for at least 120 h following polymerization. Dying cells primarily underwent apoptotic cell death. PEDOT, PEDOT+live neurons, and neuron-templated PEDOT coatings on electrodes significantly enhanced the electrical properties as compared to the bare electrode as indicated by decreased electrical impedance of 1-1.5 orders of magnitude at 0.01-1 kHz and significantly increased charge transfer capacity. PEDOT coatings showed a decrease of the phase angle of the impedance from roughly 80 degrees for the bare electrode to 5-35 degrees at frequencies >0.1 kHz. Equivalent circuit modeling indicated that PEDOT-coated electrodes were best described by R(C(RT)) circuit. We found that an RC parallel circuit must be added to the model for PEDOT+live neuron and neuron-templated PEDOT coatings. 相似文献
49.
50.
Li JM Singh MJ Itani M Vasiliu C Hendricks G Baker SP Hale JE Rohrer MJ Cutler BS Nelson PR 《Journal of vascular surgery》2004,39(5):1074-1083
OBJECTIVE: Smooth muscle cell proliferation is a major pathophysiologic factor in injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia and recurrent stenosis. We have demonstrated that recombinant human thrombomodulin (rTM) inhibits thrombin-induced arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rTM on neointimal hyperplasia in vivo. METHODS: A rabbit femoral artery balloon injury model was used. Bilateral superficial femoral arteries were deendothelialized with a 2F arterial embolectomy catheter. rTM (145 microg/kg; 2.0 microg/mL in circulation) or Tris-hydrochloride vehicle control was administered intravenously during the procedure, then either discontinued (group A) or administered twice daily for an additional 48 hours (group B). Rabbits were euthanized at 4 days and at 1, 2, and 4 weeks, and femoral artery specimens were prepared with in situ perfusion fixation and paraffin embedding. Luminal, intima, media, and whole artery areas were quantitated with digital imaging computerized planimetry. Intima-media and lumen-whole artery ratios were calculated. The injury-induced inflammatory reaction was also evaluated with light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical and immunohistofluorescence staining. RESULTS: In the buffer control group, neointimal hyperplasia after femoral artery balloon injury was evident at 2 weeks, and was pronounced at 4 weeks (P <.0001). Infusion of rTM significantly inhibited intimal hyperplasia at both 2 and 4 weeks (P <.0001). In group A, rTM reduced the intima-media ratio by 27% and 39% at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. Extended administration of rTM (group B) resulted in inhibition of hyperplasia by 57% and 30% at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, but failed to reach significance compared with the shorter exposure. rTM infusion significantly inhibited thrombosis (8.1-fold) compared with the buffer control group (P =.012). rTM had no significant effect on lumen area or lumen-whole artery ratio, but treated arteries demonstrated significantly less compensatory dilatation (P =.045), as measured by whole artery area in response to less intimal hyperplasia. rTM administration inhibited platelet adhesion and inhibition of neutrophil infiltration to a degree that approached statistical significance (P =.0675). CONCLUSIONS: Systemic intravenous administration of rTM significantly decreases neointimal hyperplasia and improves patency in the rabbit femoral artery after balloon injury. In addition to exhibiting antithrombotic and antiproliferative effects, rTM may also invoke an anti-inflammatory mechanism, and may alter vascular remodeling in a multidimensional role to inhibit recurrent stenosis after arterial injury. 相似文献