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排序方式: 共有3519条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Delis F Benveniste H Xenos M Grandy D Wang GJ Volkow ND Thanos PK 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》2012,36(5):815-825
Background: The need of an animal model of alcoholism becomes apparent when we consider the genetic diversity of the human populations, an example being dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) expression levels. Research suggests that low DRD2 availability is associated with alcohol abuse, while higher DRD2 levels may be protective against alcoholism. This study aims to establish whether (i) the ethanol‐consuming mouse is a suitable model of alcohol‐induced brain atrophy and (ii) DRD2 protect the brain against alcohol toxicity. Methods: Adult Drd2+/+ and Drd2?/? mice drank either water or 20% ethanol solution for 6 months. At the end of the treatment period, the mice underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging under anesthesia. MR images were registered to a common space, and regions of interest were manually segmented. Results: We found that chronic ethanol intake induced a decrease in the volume of the temporal and parietal cortices as well as the caudal thalamus in Drd2?/? mice. Conclusions: The result suggests that (i) normal DRD2 expression has a protective role against alcohol‐induced brain atrophy and (ii) in the absence of Drd2 expression, prolonged ethanol intake reproduces a distinct feature of human brain pathology in alcoholism, the atrophy of the temporal and parietal cortices. 相似文献
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Helene Bach Victoria Arango Suham A. Kassir Andrew J. Dwork J. John Mann 《Archives of Suicide Research》2013,17(3):451-462
Cigarette smoking is associated with suicide and mood disorders and stimulates serotonin release. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH2) synthesizes serotonin and is over-expressed in suicides. We determined whether smoking is associated with TPH2 mRNA in suicides and controls. TPH2 mRNA was measured postmortem in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) of controls (N = 26, 17 nonsmokers and nine smokers) and suicides (N = 23, 5 nonsmokers and 18 smokers). Psychiatric history was obtained by psychological autopsy. TPH2 mRNA was greater in suicide nonsmokers than suicide smokers, control smokers and control nonsmokers (p = 0.006). There was more TPH2 mRNA throughout the DRN. Smoking interferes with the TPH2 mRNA increase observed in suicide nonsmokers. The absence of altered TPH2 expression in non-suicide smokers suggests no pharmacological effect of smoking. 相似文献
95.
Yawning is contagious. However, little research has been done to elucidate the neuronal representation of this phenomenon. Our study objective was to test the hypothesis that the human mirror neuron system (MNS) is activated by visually perceived yawning. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess brain activity during contagious yawning (CY). Signal-dependent changes in blood oxygen levels were compared when subjects viewed videotapes of yawning faces as opposed to faces with a neutral expression. In response to yawning, subjects showed unilateral activation of their Brodmann’s area 9 (BA 9) portion of the right inferior frontal gyrus, a region of the MNS. In this way, two individuals could share physiological and associated emotional states based on perceived motor patterns. This is one component of empathy (motor empathy) that underlies the development of cognitive empathy. The BA 9 is reportedly active in tasks requiring mentalizing abilities. Our results emphasize the connection between the MNS and higher cognitive empathic functions, including mentalizing. We conclude that CY is based on a functional substrate of empathy. 相似文献
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97.
Houle J Doyon O Vadeboncoeur N Turbide G Diaz A Poirier P 《The Canadian journal of cardiology》2012,28(1):27-32
Background
Physical activity contributes to improve health and quality of life. However, the prevalence of sedentary lifestyle is elevated after an acute coronary syndrome.Methods
A randomized controlled trial was performed to evaluate the impact of a pedometer-based program associated with a socio-cognitive intervention on physical activity behaviour, cardiovascular risk factors, and quality of life during the year after an acute coronary syndrome event. During hospitalization, we randomized 32 patients to an experimental group and 33 patients to a usual care group. The experimental intervention included 6 consultations with a clinical nurse specialist during 12 months.Results
Groups characteristics were comparable. At baseline, the percentage of participants considered in the active range category was similar between groups (31% vs 41%; P = 0.915). However, the proportion of participants who were still active was greater in the experimental group than in the usual care group at 6, 9, and 12 months follow-up (75% vs 41%; 68% vs 36%, and 83% vs 55%, respectively; P < 0.05). After 12 months, changes in overall quality of life and in health and the functioning scores were different between groups (interaction effects [groups by time] P = 0.048 and P = 0.036, respectively).Conclusions
The use of a pedometer concomitantly with a socio-cognitive intervention improves adherence to physical activity and quality of life during the year after an acute coronary syndrome event. This finding is relevant because physical activity and quality of life are a great concern in preventive cardiology. These results support applying this innovative approach in cardiac rehabilitation programs. 相似文献98.
99.
Diamantopoulos AP Hetland H Hansen AE Myklebust G 《Modern rheumatology / the Japan Rheumatism Association》2012,22(3):474-478
A 52-year-old woman with Takayasu arteritis and a known history of multiple sclerosis had been treated with subcutaneous interferon (IFN) beta-1α. After the re-introduction of the IFN beta-1α, the patient had a gradual worsening of the arteritis, with claudication symptoms in the left arm and increased inflammation markers. An evaluation using Doppler ultrasound of the supra-aortic vessels revealed severe stenosis of the left axillary artery. The IFN beta-1α was withdrawn, with prompt clinical and laboratory improvement of the vasculitis. 相似文献
100.
P Ritz C Vaurs M Bertrand Y Anduze E Guillaume H Hanaire 《Diabetes technology & therapeutics》2012,14(8):736-740
Abstract Background: About 70% of the patients operated on for a gastric bypass (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB]) suffer from dumping syndrome. In these patients, previous studies have demonstrated a high glycemic variability with hypoglycemia and with altered continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) profiles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with dietary counseling plus acarbose administration on the symptoms and on the characteristics of the CGM profile. Subjects and Methods: Eight consecutive patients with dumping syndrome were given dietary counseling for 6 weeks and also treated with acarbose (50-100?mg three times a day). Their symptoms and the features of the CGM were compared before and after treatment. Results: The symptoms disappeared in seven patients. There was a significant increase in the time to the interstitial glucose (IG) peak and a reduction in the rate of the IG increase after a meal and in the rate of the IG decrease following the peak. The time below 60?mg/dL was significantly decreased, and the minimal IG value was significantly increased. The maximum and mean IG levels and the time above 140?mg/dL were decreased, but not significantly. Six patients spent more than 1% of the time with IG values below 60?mg/dL before treatment, but after treatment this was reduced to one patient. Before treatment only one patient had an IG level neither below 60 or above 140?mg/dL, and after treatment four patients were in this category. Conclusions: Dietary counseling and acarbose treatment eliminated the symptoms and improved the CGM profile of patients suffering from dumping syndrome after RYGB. 相似文献