全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8065篇 |
免费 | 413篇 |
国内免费 | 45篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 27篇 |
儿科学 | 126篇 |
妇产科学 | 106篇 |
基础医学 | 1256篇 |
口腔科学 | 270篇 |
临床医学 | 878篇 |
内科学 | 1649篇 |
皮肤病学 | 308篇 |
神经病学 | 1006篇 |
特种医学 | 500篇 |
外科学 | 910篇 |
综合类 | 49篇 |
一般理论 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 343篇 |
眼科学 | 100篇 |
药学 | 458篇 |
中国医学 | 16篇 |
肿瘤学 | 517篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 42篇 |
2022年 | 71篇 |
2021年 | 124篇 |
2020年 | 82篇 |
2019年 | 102篇 |
2018年 | 137篇 |
2017年 | 117篇 |
2016年 | 105篇 |
2015年 | 175篇 |
2014年 | 234篇 |
2013年 | 345篇 |
2012年 | 499篇 |
2011年 | 541篇 |
2010年 | 337篇 |
2009年 | 323篇 |
2008年 | 535篇 |
2007年 | 530篇 |
2006年 | 567篇 |
2005年 | 578篇 |
2004年 | 507篇 |
2003年 | 505篇 |
2002年 | 485篇 |
2001年 | 106篇 |
2000年 | 62篇 |
1999年 | 94篇 |
1998年 | 127篇 |
1997年 | 102篇 |
1996年 | 89篇 |
1995年 | 72篇 |
1994年 | 58篇 |
1993年 | 62篇 |
1992年 | 41篇 |
1991年 | 37篇 |
1990年 | 22篇 |
1989年 | 22篇 |
1988年 | 28篇 |
1987年 | 23篇 |
1986年 | 20篇 |
1985年 | 31篇 |
1984年 | 19篇 |
1983年 | 18篇 |
1982年 | 43篇 |
1981年 | 30篇 |
1980年 | 20篇 |
1979年 | 18篇 |
1978年 | 26篇 |
1977年 | 19篇 |
1970年 | 17篇 |
1913年 | 22篇 |
1912年 | 18篇 |
排序方式: 共有8523条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Charles J. Woodrow Sabina Dahlstr?m Richard Cooksey Jennifer A. Flegg Hervé Le Nagard France Mentré Claribel Murillo Didier Ménard Fran?ois Nosten Kanlaya Sriprawat Lise Musset Neils B. Quashie Pharath Lim Rick M. Fairhurst Sam L. Nsobya Veronique Sinou Harald Noedl Bruno Pradines Jacob D. Johnson Philippe J. Guerin Carol H. Sibley Jacques Le Bras 《Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy》2013,57(7):3121-3130
Assessment of in vitro susceptibility is a fundamental component of antimalarial surveillance studies, but wide variations in the measurement of parasite growth and the calculation of inhibitory constants make comparisons of data from different laboratories difficult. Here we describe a Web-based, high-throughput in vitro analysis and reporting tool (IVART) generating inhibitory constants for large data sets. Fourteen primary data sets examining laboratory-determined susceptibility to artemisinin derivatives and artemisinin combination therapy partner drugs were collated from 11 laboratories. Drug concentrations associated with half-maximal inhibition of growth (IC50s) were determined by a modified sigmoid Emax model-fitting algorithm, allowing standardized analysis of 7,350 concentration-inhibition assays involving 1,592 isolates. Examination of concentration-inhibition data revealed evidence of apparent paradoxical growth at high concentrations of nonartemisinin drugs, supporting amendment of the method for calculating the maximal drug effect in each assay. Criteria for defining more-reliable IC50s based on estimated confidence intervals and growth ratios improved correlation coefficients for the drug pairs mefloquine-quinine and chloroquine-desethylamodiaquine in 9 of 11 and 8 of 8 data sets, respectively. Further analysis showed that maximal drug inhibition was higher for artemisinins than for other drugs, particularly in ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)-based assays, a finding consistent with the earlier onset of action of these drugs in the parasite life cycle. This is the first high-throughput analytical approach to apply consistent constraints and reliability criteria to large, diverse antimalarial susceptibility data sets. The data also illustrate the distinct biological properties of artemisinins and underline the need to apply more sensitive approaches to assessing in vitro susceptibility to these drugs. 相似文献
102.
Cornelia Huth Thomas Illig Christian Herder Christian Gieger Harald Grallert Caren Vollmert 《Annals of medicine》2013,45(2):128-138
Background. Several studies have investigated associations between the -174G>C single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1800795) of the IL6 gene and phenotypes related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but presented inconsistent results.Aims. This joint analysis aimed to clarify whether IL6 -174G>C was associated with glucose and circulating interleukin-6 concentrations as well as body mass index (BMI).Methods. Individual-level data from all studies of the IL6-T2DM consortium on Caucasian subjects with available BMI were collected. As study-specific estimates did not show heterogeneity (P>0.1), they were combined by using the inverse-variance fixed-effect model.Results. The main analysis included 9440, 7398, 24,117, or 5659 non-diabetic and manifest T2DM subjects for fasting glucose, 2-hour glucose, BMI, or circulating interleukin-6 levels, respectively. IL6 -174 C-allele carriers had significantly lower fasting glucose (?0.091 mmol/L, P=0.014). There was no evidence for association between IL6 -174G>C and BMI or interleukin-6 levels, except in some subgroups.Conclusions. Our data suggest that C-allele carriers of the IL6 -174G>C polymorphism have lower fasting glucose levels on average, which substantiates previous findings of decreased T2DM risk of these subjects. 相似文献
103.
Proteomics applied to the clinical follow-up of patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
Kaiser T Kamal H Rank A Kolb HJ Holler E Ganser A Hertenstein B Mischak H Weissinger EM 《Blood》2004,104(2):340-349
A phase 1 diagnostic study was performed to evaluate a novel technology for clinical proteomic research based on capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Urine from 40 patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT; 35 allogeneic, 5 autologous) and 5 patients with sepsis was collected for a period of 100 days and analyzed. More than 1000 different polypeptides could be detected in individual samples. Polypeptide patterns excreted in the urine of patients were significantly different from those of healthy volunteers. No significant differences were detected comparing different conditioning regimens. The aim of this study was to identify polypeptide patterns functioning as early indicators of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Eighteen patients developed GVHD after allogeneic HSCT. Sixteen differentially excreted polypeptides formed a pattern of early GVHD markers, allowing discrimination of GVHD from patients without complications with 82% specificity and 100% sensitivity, cross-validated. Inclusion of 13 sepsis-specific polypeptides allowed us to distinguish sepsis from GVHD with a specificity of 97% and a sensitivity of 100%. Sequencing 2 prominent GVHD-indicative polypeptides led to the identification of a peptide from leukotriene A4 hydrolase and a peptide from serum albumin. The data reveal that capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry allow identification of biomarkers for a variety of diseases or related complications. 相似文献
104.
Emilie Ronin Charlotte Pouchy Maryam Khosravi Morgane Hilaire Sylvie Grgoire Armanda Casrouge Sahar Kassem David Sleurs Gaëlle H. Martin Nomie Chanson Yannis Lombardi Guilhem Lalle Harald Wajant Cdric Auffray Bruno Lucas Gilles Marodon Yenkel Grinberg-Bleyer Benoît L. Salomon 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2021,118(13)
105.
106.
Collin P Kaukinen K Vogelsang H Korponay-Szabó I Sommer R Schreier E Volta U Granito A Veronesi L Mascart F Ocmant A Ivarsson A Lagerqvist C Bürgin-Wolff A Hadziselimovic F Furlano RI Sidler MA Mulder CJ Goerres MS Mearin ML Ninaber MK Gudmand-Høyer E Fabiani E Catassi C Tidlund H Alainentalo L Mäki M 《European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology》2005,17(1):85-91
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of serum antitissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies (IgA-TTG) and IgA antiendomysial antibodies (IgA-EMA) in the diagnosis of coeliac disease in cohorts from different geographical areas in Europe. The setting allowed a further comparison between the antibody results and the conventional small-intestinal histology. METHODS: A total of 144 cases with coeliac disease [median age 19.5 years (range 0.9-81.4)], and 127 disease controls [median age 29.2 years (range 0.5-79.0)], were recruited, on the basis of biopsy, from 13 centres in nine countries. All biopsy specimens were re-evaluated and classified blindly a second time by two investigators. IgA-TTG were determined by ELISA with human recombinant antigen and IgA-EMA by an immunofluorescence test with human umbilical cord as antigen. RESULTS: The quality of the biopsy specimens was not acceptable in 29 (10.7%) of 271 cases and a reliable judgement could not be made, mainly due to poor orientation of the samples. The primary clinical diagnosis and the second classification of the biopsy specimens were divergent in nine cases, and one patient was initially enrolled in the wrong group. Thus, 126 coeliac patients and 106 controls, verified by biopsy, remained for final analysis. The sensitivity of IgA-TTG was 94% and IgA-EMA 89%, the specificity was 99% and 98%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Serum IgA-TTG measurement is effective and at least as good as IgA-EMA in the identification of coeliac disease. Due to a high percentage of poor histological specimens, the diagnosis of coeliac disease should not depend only on biopsy, but in addition the clinical picture and serology should be considered. 相似文献
107.
108.
Platelet-Derived Interleukin-1 Induces Cytokine Production, but not Proliferation of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
109.
Kaemmerer H Bauer U Pensl U Oechslin E Gravenhorst V Franke A Hager A Balling G Hauser M Eicken A Hess J 《The American journal of cardiology》2008,101(4):521-525
The aim of the study was to assess the quantity and nature of emergencies affecting adults with congenital cardiac disease (CCD) and evaluate infrastructural requirements for adequate management. There is an increasing number of adults with CCD requiring specialized complex care. This multicenter study evaluated all emergency admissions to 1 of 5 centers for adults with CCD within 1 year. Within 1 year, there were 1,033 admissions of adults with CCD, and 201 (160 patients; age 16 to 71 years) were emergencies. Underlying cardiac anomalies were univentricular heart (22%), complete transposition (14%), tetralogy of Fallot (21%), and others (43%). Seventy percent of patients had undergone previous cardiac surgery. The main reason for acute admission was cardiovascular (arrhythmia, heart failure, syncope, aortic dissection, and endocarditis). Diagnostic procedures most often assigned were echocardiography (n = 223), chest x-ray (n = 95), Holter electrocardiography (n = 85), cardiac catheterization/electrophysiologic study (n = 39), and others (n = 143). Forty-six patients underwent surgery (cardiovascular n = 41, general n = 5) or electrophysiologic treatment (n = 41). One hundred twenty-six of 201 emergencies (63%) required cooperation with another specialized department: surgery (n = 46), internal medicine (n = 42), neurology (n = 12), ophthalmology (n = 6), otorhinolaryngology (n = 5), gynecology (n = 5), psychiatry (n = 4), radiology (n = 3), dermatology (n = 2), and orthopedics (n = 2). In conclusion, physicians and consultants attending adult patients with CCD need a high degree of specialized experience concerning the cardiac anomaly to manage emergencies properly. Furthermore, a wide range of noncardiac diagnostic and therapeutic procedures must be available. Data support the demand for a multidisciplinary approach in specialized centers for adequate care of adults with CCD. 相似文献
110.