Underdevelopment of optic radiation in children with amblyopia: a tractography study

PURPOSE: To detect the abnormalities of the optic radiation (OR) in children with amblyopia by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography. DESIGN: Prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial. METHODS: Fourteen children with amblyopia and 14 normally sighted children underwent DTI scanning. After the ORs were reconstructed by using tractography algorithm, voxels through which the anterior parts of ORs passed were determined for their values of fractional anisotropy (FA). The paired t test was applied to compare their mean FA values of right OR and left OR in the control group. For the amblyopia group, analysis of variance was conducted to determine the effect of laterality and vision status on the FA values. In addition, the voxel numbers of anterior and posterior parts of both ORs were calculated. The Student t test was used to compare the average FA of bilateral ORs and voxel numbers between the two groups. RESULTS: Comparison demonstrated left-higher-than-right asymmetry in both amblyopic children and normal children. We found no significant difference of average FA between the amblyopic group (0.4832 +/- 0.0225) and control group (0.4770 +/- 0.0273). Voxel numbers of the anterior parts of both ORs were not significantly different between the two groups, whereas voxel numbers of their posterior parts in the controls were more than that of amblyopic children. CONCLUSION: Tractography showed more voxels in the posterior ORs of normal children than in the amblyopic children, indicating that normal children have better development of the ORs. The underdevelopment of the ORs might reflect the dysfunction of visual cortex in children with amblyopia.     

Protective effect of uridine on cornea in a rabbit dry eye model

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of uridine on cultured human corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes in vitro and to evaluate whether the application of uridine-containing eye drops could improve ocular surface health in an in vivo dry eye model. METHODS: Uridine was added to cultured epithelial cells (3 x 10(4) cells/well) and keratocytes (1 x 10(4) cells/well) at various concentrations (0.5-50 microM). Cytotoxicity was tested with the use of MTT assay, and the cells were assessed for apoptosis with the use of flow cytometry. Expressions of hyaluronic acid (HA), glycosaminoglycan (GAG), nitric oxide (NO), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were measured. In vivo, the degree of reepithelialization was assessed after topical application of uridine (100 microM) in a rabbit corneal wound model. Changes in tear production and conjunctival goblet cell counts were investigated after instillation of various concentrations of uridine-containing eye drops in a rabbit dry eye model. RESULTS: In vitro, uridine showed no cellular toxicity. It increased the biosynthesis of HA and GAG and reduced MMP-9 levels in cultured corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes. In vivo, uridine enhanced corneal wound healing and significantly increased the number of conjunctival goblet cells in rabbits. CONCLUSIONS: Uridine can restore the health of the ocular surface in a rabbit corneal wound and dry eye model.     

正交实验法评估伊曲康唑对甲真菌病的疗效

为了观察伊曲康唑治疗甲真菌病各种方法的疗效,探索服用该药的最低剂量和最佳治疗方案应用正交实验法观察４６例服用伊曲康唑的甲真菌病患者。结果显示：在４个观察组（１００ｍｇ每日１次,连续口服;１００ｍｇ,每日２次,隔周口服;２００ｍｇ,每日１次,隔周口服;２００ｍｇ,每日２次,每月服用１周）中,指甲时间最短的方法是：２００ｍｇ每日１次,隔周口服（平均治愈时间３．１１个月）;趾甲癣治疗时间最短的是：１００     

气管食管裂隙状瘘发音重建术的声学分析

目的 客观评价气管食管裂隙状瘘发音重建术后的发音效果，并以此指导临床工作。方法 对喉全切除术后I期与Ⅱ期气管食管裂隙状瘘发音患者、食管发音患者、安装Blom—Singer发音钮患者以及健康人分别进行语音测试，分析7项客观声学参数，比较发音效果。结果 经统计学t检验，气管食管裂隙状瘘语音最长发音时间短于健康人，明显长于食管音，但和Blom—Singer发音钮语音差异无显著性；其声音的强度和健康人及Blom—Singer发音钮差异无显著性，明显高于食管音；其基频明显低于健康人；其频率微扰和振幅微扰明显高于健康人，而明显低于食管发音，与Blom—Singer发音钮语音差异无显著性；其共振峰频率和能量仅在F1共振峰能量上明显高于食管音，其余各频率上差异均无显著性。虽然喉全切除I期气管食管裂隙状瘘发音重建术中制作帽状气室，而Ⅱ期发音重建术中不制作帽状气室，但两者语音声学分析各参数间差异均无显著性。结论气管食管瘘语音比食管音接近健康人语音，能满足日常生活需要。气管食管裂隙状瘘发音重建术中不制作帽状气室不影响术后的发音。     

大承气汤和大黄对豚鼠结肠带平滑肌细胞电活动的影响

应用本实验室建立的测量平滑肌细胞电活动的细胞内微电极记录方法。研究了大承气汤、大黄煎剂对豚鼠结肠带平滑肌细胞电活动的影响。结果表明,大承气汤、大黄均能促进细胞膜去极化,加快慢波电位发放,并能增加峰电位的发放频率。药物作用随浓度的增大而增强(浓度为1%时,P>0.05;浓度为10%、20%时,P<0.05)。大黄的作用比相同浓度的大承气汤的作用明显。提示大承气汤、大黄能直接增强肠管平滑肌细胞的电兴奋性,从而促进肠道收缩运动,这可能是药物泻下作用的一种细胞水平机理,其离子基础可能是药物降低了细胞膜上K~ 通道电导。     

通督调神针刺法结合认知疗法干预卒中后抑郁患者临床研究

摘要：目的 观察通督调神针刺法结合认知疗法干预卒中后抑郁的临床效应,并探讨其疗效可能的作用机制。方法 将60例卒中后抑郁患者随机分为观察组和西药组,每组30例,两组在予以脑血管疾病基础治疗的同时,采用不同方法干预,观察组采用通督调神针刺法结合认知疗法治疗,西药组予以盐酸帕罗西汀片口服,疗程均为4周,治疗前后进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、日常生活能力评定（Barthel指数）及副反应量表( TESS) 评估,观察两组临床疗效,测定患者血清 5-HT水平。结果 同组治疗后较治疗前比较,HAMD评分均显著降低(P<0.05),Barthel 指数均提高（P＜0.05）,组间比较,观察组优于西药组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗后两组血清 5-HT水平均较治疗前升高 (P<0.05) ,两组5-HT升高幅度比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组总有效率为93. 3%,西药组为86.7%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组不良反应发生率较西药组发生率低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 通督调神针刺法结合认知疗法法干预卒中后抑郁,可以显著改善 PSD 患者的抑郁状态,其疗效机制可能与血清 5-HT水平上调有关,通督调神针刺法结合认知疗法是治疗卒中后抑郁行之有效、副反应低、操作重复性好的临床治疗手段。     

黑果枸杞总黄酮降血脂作用

目的探讨黑果枸杞总黄酮的降血脂作用。方法昆明种雄性小鼠72只适应环境1周后,随机分为6组(n=12只/组):正常对照组、高脂模型组、辛伐他汀组,黄酮低、中、高剂量组。除正常对照组外,其他各组饲喂高脂饲料诱发高脂血症,每周的固定时间称量小鼠体质量1次,按体重更换1次剂量。试验第42天取血后解剖小鼠,检测血浆TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C含量,观测肝指数、心指数、肾指数和脾指数的变化情况。结果与正常对照组相比,在高脂饲料饲喂后17d,高脂模型组血浆TC、TG含量极显著升高(P<0.01),说明高脂模型复制成功。黄酮各剂量组与高脂模型组相比,血浆TC、TG和LDL-C的含量显著降低(P<0.05),HDL-C的含量显著升高(P<0.05)。结论黑果枸杞总黄酮具有降血脂活性,可以作为预防高脂血症的新药来源。     

基于COSMIN指南的健康老龄化测评工具的系统评价

目的 评价健康老龄化测评工具,为老龄化研究提供参考。 方法 在中国知网、万方、维普、SinoMed、Web of Science、PubMed数据库中检索,基于COSMIN指南对纳入研究进行评价。 结果 纳入的14项研究共包含14种健康老龄化测评工具,存在一定的偏倚风险,推荐等级均为B级：9项研究缺少比较拟合指数、塔克-刘易斯指数等涉及结构效度的类似指标;7项研究未进行多组因素分析或者项目功能差异分析;12项研究的组内相关系数或加权Kappa值未报告;12项研究未定义假设。 结论 应继续完善健康老龄化测评工具,依据测评工具质量评价的指南,规范研究设计和报告,为筛选出优质的测量工具以更准确地评估老龄化水平提供基础。