预防性镇痛在胃癌根治术中应用价值的前瞻性研究

目的 探讨预防性镇痛方案在胃癌患者行胃癌根治术中的应用价值.方法 选取2012年7月至2013年6月第四军医大学西京消化病医院行胃癌根治术的161例患者行前瞻性随机研究.采用随机、单盲对照法,通过随机数字表法将入组患者分为预防性镇痛组和对照组.两组患者行胃癌根治术,包括传统胃大部分切除联合毕Ⅱ式吻合术,或全胃切除联合食管空肠吻合术,术后均经空肠营养管给予肠内营养.预防性镇痛组开腹前给予地塞米松10 mg和帕瑞昔布200 mg静脉注射,开腹前、入腹后、关腹时在腹壁切口周围浸润注射0.5％罗哌卡因7～8 mL,术后连续3d口服塞来昔布.对照组仅在术后给予静脉留置管泵注入镇痛剂.记录2组患者视觉模拟评分(VAS)、术后每天下床活动时间＞8h的患者例数、术后肛门排气时间、术后排便时间、住院时间.正态分布的计量资料采用x±s表示,组间比较采用t检验和重复测量方差分析;偏态分布数据和等级资料采用秩和检验;计数资料采用四格表x2检验.结果 筛选出符合研究条件的患者161例,分为预防性镇痛组(87例)和对照组(74例).预防性镇痛组患者术后第1、2、3天VAS评分分别为(2.8±0.6)分、(2.6±0.4)分、(1.8±0.4)分,对照组患者分别为(5.3±0.5)分、(4.2±0.6)分、(2.4±0.3)分,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(F=4.25,P＜0.05).预防性镇痛组患者术后第1、2、3天每天下床活动时间＞8h的例数分别为8、17、20例,对照组分别为0、3、11例,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=7.60,10.26,3.16,P＜0.05).预防性镇痛组患者术后肛门排气时间、术后排便时间和术后住院时间分别为(51 ±24)h、(61 ±24)h、(5.5 ±3.0)d,对照组分别为(71 ±23)h、(83±30)h、(6.3±2.1)d,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=5.32,5.04,0.17,P＜0.05).两组患者术后均顺利康复,未出现呼吸抑制和切口感染等并发症及药物不良反应.结论 胃癌患者施行胃癌根治术围术期采用预防性镇痛方案,可减轻患者术后疼痛,促进患者肠道功能恢复,加速患者术后康复.临床试验注册在中国临床试验注册中心注册,注册号为ChiCTR-TRC-11001440.     

新辅助化疗在进展期胃癌中的临床应用

目的评估进展期胃癌患者新辅助化疗的治疗效果。方法选择2011年9月至2014年12月安徽省肿瘤医院收治进展期胃癌患者70例,根据治疗方法,70例患者分为新辅助化疗组（46例）和单纯手术组（24例）。新辅助化疗组患者进行3个周期的 XELOX 方案新辅助化疗再行手术,两组患者均接受标准胃癌切除手术,观察评估化疗疗效并对比手术治疗效果。结果新辅助化疗组患者化疗有效率为63.04％。新辅助化疗组患者的 R0切除率为94.48％,R1或 R2切除率为6.52％,单纯手术组患者的 R0切除率为70.83％,R1或 R2切除率为29.17％,新辅助化疗组患者的 R0切除率明显高于单纯手术组（P ＜0.05）。两组均无手术死亡病例,术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）。结论 XELOX 方案可作为有效的进展期胃癌新辅助化疗方案,进展期胃癌患者在新辅助化疗后再进行手术治疗,可以提高手术根治率和切除率。     

Intramuscular schwannoma: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features

INTRODUCTION

Schwannomas that arise within the muscle plane are called intramuscular schwannomas. The low incidence of these tumours and the lack of specific clinical features make preoperative diagnosis difficult. Herein, we report our experience with intramuscular schwannomas. We present details of the clinical presentation, radiological diagnosis and management of these tumours.

METHODS

Between January 2011 and December 2013, 29 patients were diagnosed and treated for histologically proven schwannoma at the National University Hospital, Singapore. Among these 29 patients, eight (five male, three female) had intramuscular schwannomas.

RESULTS

The mean age of the eight patients was 40 (range 27–57) years. The most common presenting feature was a palpable mass. The mean interval between surgical treatment and the onset of clinical symptoms was 17.1 (range 4–72) months. Six of the eight tumours (75.0%) were located in the lower limb, while 2 (25.0%) were located in the upper limb. None of the patients had any preoperative neurological deficits. Tinel’s sign was present in one patient. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed that the findings of split-fat sign, low signal margin and fascicular sign were present in all patients. The entry and exit sign was observed in 4 (50.0%) patients, a hyperintense rim was observed in 7 (87.5%) patients and the target sign was observed in 5 (62.5%) patients. All patients underwent microsurgical excision of the tumour and none developed any postoperative neurological deficits.

CONCLUSION

Intramuscular schwannomas demonstrate the findings of split-fat sign, low signal margin and fascicular sign on MR imaging. These findings are useful for the radiological diagnosis of intramuscular schwannoma.     

普拉格雷与高剂量氯吡格雷治疗高残留血小板反应患者比较的Meta分析

目的评价普拉格雷与高剂量氯吡格雷治疗高残留血小板反应(HTPR)患者中的有效性和安全性。方法通过计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE(excerpt medical database)和the cochrane central register of controlled trials等数据库关于治疗HTPR的随机对照临床试验,应用RevMan 5.0和Stata 12.0软件系统评估高剂量氯吡格雷和普拉格雷治疗HTPR患者的有效性和安全性。结果纳入6项临床试验共242例患者。普拉格雷组的血小板抑制率高于高剂量氯吡格雷组[加权均数差(WMD)=-86.50,95%CI为-108.53~-64.47,P<0.01],而HTPR率低于高剂量氯吡格雷组(OR=0.13,95%CI为0.07~0.23,P<0.01)。安全性比较中,普拉格雷并未有增加总的出血风险(OR=1.69,95%CI为0.67~4.25,P=0.27),但普拉格雷组发生小出血的风险增加(OR=3.11,95%CI为0.98~9.82,P<0.05)。结论对于HTPR患者,普拉格雷较高剂量氯吡格雷治疗更为有效,且未增加总的出血风险。     

血液透析患者营养状况与逆流行病学现象的探讨

目的 了解维持性血液透析患者(MHD)的营养状况,探讨其存在的逆流行病学现象,为进一步提出针对性营养干预策略提供依据.方法 采用主观综合性营养评估法(SGA)、人体测量、生化指标测定方法综合评估113例维持性血液透析患者的营养状态.结果 根据SGA评分,55.75％(63例)的患者营养状况良好;营养不良患者占44.25％(50例),其中39.82％(45例)为轻-中度营养不良,4.42％(5例)为重度营养不良.营养不良组患者肱三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)、动静脉瘘对侧上臂周径(MAC)、上臂肌围(MAMC)低于营养良好组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).营养不良组总胆固醇(CH)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、血清白蛋白(Alb)、前白蛋白(PA)、血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)较营养良好组低,其中TG、PA、Scr、BUN差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),而高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和甲状旁腺素(PTH)较营养良好组偏高,但差异无统计学意义.结论 MHD患者营养不良发生比例偏高,且MHD患者营养不良是导致其逆流行病学现象的原因之一,建议根据MHD患者具体的病理生理特点来调整治疗标准.     

Evaluation of Intraductal Ultrasonography,Endoscopic Brush Cytology and K-ras,P53 Gene Mutation in the Early Diagnosis of Malignant Bile Duct Stricture

Background:In qualitative diagnosis of bile duct stenosis,single diagnostic measure is difficult to make a correct diagnosis,to combine several diagnostic techniques may be helpful to make an accurate ...     

Footprint Mismatch of Cervical Disc Prostheses with Chinese Cervical Anatomic Dimensions

Background:The footprint of most prostheses is designed according to Caucasian data.Total disc replacement (TDR) has been performed widely for cervical degenerative diseases in China.It is essential to...     

Long-term Efficacy of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: A 5-year Follow-up Study in China

Background:

Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) is effective against advanced Parkinson''s disease (PD), allowing dramatic improvement of Parkinsonism, in addition to a significant reduction in medication. Here we aimed to investigate the long-term effect of STN DBS in Chinese PD patients, which has not been thoroughly studied in China.

Methods:

Ten PD patients were assessed before DBS and followed up 1, 3, and 5 years later using Unified Parkinson''s Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS III), Parkinson''s Disease Questionnatire-39, Parkinson''s Disease Sleep Scale-Chinese Version, Mini-mental State Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale. Stimulation parameters and drug dosages were recorded at each follow-up. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA for repeated measures.

Results:

In the “off” state (off medication), DBS improved UPDRS III scores by 35.87% in 5 years, compared with preoperative baseline (P < 0.001). In the “on” state (on medication), motor scores at 5 years were similar to the results of preoperative levodopa challenge test. The quality of life is improved by 58.18% (P < 0.001) from baseline to 3 years and gradually declined afterward. Sleep, cognition, and emotion were mostly unchanged. Levodopa equivalent daily dose was reduced from 660.4 ± 210.1 mg at baseline to 310.6 ± 158.4 mg at 5 years (by 52.96%, P < 0.001). The average pulse width, frequency and amplitude at 5 years were 75.0 ± 18.21 μs, 138.5 ± 19.34 Hz, and 2.68 ± 0.43 V, respectively.

Conclusions:

STN DBS is an effective intervention for PD, although associated with a slightly diminished efficacy after 5 years. Compared with other studies, patients in our study required lower voltage and medication for satisfactory symptom control.     

Relative Bioavailability of Rifampicin in Four Chinese Fixed-dose Combinations Compared with Rifampicin in Free Combinations

Background:

Decreases in the bioavailability of rifampicin (RFP) can lead to the development of drug resistance and treatment failure. Therefore, we investigated the relative bioavailability of RFP from one four-drug fixed-dose combination (FDC; formulation A) and three two-drug FDCs (formulations B, C, and D) used in China, compared with RFP in free combinations of these drugs (reference), in healthy volunteers.

Methods:

Eighteen and twenty healthy Chinese male volunteers participated in two open-label, randomized two-period crossover (formulations A and C) or one three-period crossover (formulations B and D) study, respectively. The washout period between treatments was 7 days. Bioequivalence was assessed based on 90% confidence intervals, according to two one-sided t-tests. All analyses were done with DAS 3.1.5 (Mathematical Pharmacology Professional Committee of China, Shanghai, China).

Results:

Mean pharmacokinetic parameter values of RFP obtained for formulations A, B, C, and D products were 11.42 ± 3.41 μg/ml, 7.86 ± 5.78 μg/ml, 13.05 ± 6.80 μg/ml, and 16.18 ± 3.87 μg/ml, respectively, for peak plasma concentration (C_max), 91.43 ± 30.82 μg·h⁻¹ ·ml⁻¹, 55.49 ± 37.58 μg·h⁻¹ ·ml⁻¹, 96.50 ± 47.24 μg·h⁻¹ ·ml⁻¹, 101.47 ± 33.07 μg·h⁻¹ ·ml⁻¹, respectively, for area under the concentration-time curve (AUC_{0−24 h}).

Conclusions:

Although the concentrations of RFP for formulations A, C, and D were within the reported acceptable therapeutic range, only formulation A was bioequivalent to the reference product. The three two-drug FDCs (formulations B, C and D) displayed inferior RFP bioavailability compared with the reference (Chinese Clinical Trials registration number: ChiCTR-TTRCC-12002451).     

Depression of the Thoracolumbar Posterior Vertebral Body on the Estimation of Cement Leakage in Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty Operations

Background:

The cross-section of thoracolumbar vertebral body is kidney-shaped with depressed posterior boundary. The anterior wall of the vertebral canal is separated from the posterior wall of the vertebral body on the lateral X-ray image. This study was designed to determine the sagittal distance between the anterior border of the vertebral canal and the posterior border of the vertebral body (DBCV) and to analyze the potential role of DBCV in the estimation of cement leakage during percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) or percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP).

Methods:

We retrospectively recruited 233 patients who had osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures and were treated with PVP or PKP. Computed tomography images of T11–L2 normal vertebrae were measured to obtain DBCV. The distance from cement to the posterior wall of the vertebral body (DCPW) of thoracolumbar vertebrae was measured from C-arm images. The selected vertebrae were divided into two groups according to DCPW, with the fracture levels, fracture grades and leakage rates of the two groups compared. A relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to determine whether the DCPW difference can be used to estimate the degree of cement leakage. The data were processed by statistical software SPSS version 21.0 using independent sample t-test and Chi-square tests.

Results:

The maximum DBCV was 6.40 mm and the average DBCV was 3.74 ± 0.95 mm. DBCV appeared to be longer in males than in females, but the difference was not statistically significant. The average DCPW of type-B leakage vertebrae (2.59 ± 1.20 mm) was shorter than that of other vertebrae (7.83 ± 2.38 mm, P < 0.001). The leakage rate of group DCPW ≤6.40 mm was lower than that of group DCPW >6.40 mm for type-C and type-S, but much higher for type-B. ROC curve revealed that DCPW only has a predictive value for type-B leakage (area under the curve: 0.98, 95% confidence interval: 0.95–0.99, P < 0.001), and when the cut-off value was 4.05 mm, the diagnostic sensitivity and the specificity were 94.87% and 93.02%, respectively.

Conclusions:

Depression of the thoracolumbar posterior vertebral body may be informative for the estimation of cement location on C-arm images. To reduce type-B leakage, DCPW should be made longer than DBCV on C-arm images for safety during PVP or PKP.