The presence of Merkel cells and CD10‐ and CD34‐positive stromal cells compared in benign and malignant oral tumors

Background: To describe sequential changes in Merkel cells (MC), and CD10⁺ and CD34⁺ stromal cells (SC) during the transition from benign to malignant oral lesions and correlate with clinicopathologic parameters. Materials and methods: Changes in cytokeratin 20‐positive (CK20⁺) Merkel cells, CD10⁺ and CD34⁺ SC were immunohistochemically examined in specimens of 28 oral verrucous carcinomas (VC), 32 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 36 benign squamous lesions (BSL). Immunoreactivity and localized inflammation were measured quantitatively and/or semiquantitatively, and between‐group results were statistically compared. Results: The mean number of CD34⁺ SC was significantly lower in VC (57.36) and SCC (33.81) than BSL (351.56, P < 0.001). However, the three tumor types had similar staining level and number of CD10⁺ SC. We found a significant difference in the density of MC between BSL and VC (P < 0.001) or SCC (P < 0.001). The number of CK20⁺ MC was significantly lower in highly inflamed specimens than mildly inflamed specimens (P = 0.001). Conclusion: CD34⁺ SC and to a lesser extent MC, but not CD10⁺ SC, reveal statistically different density during the transition from benign to malignant oral lesions. The correlations between the CD34⁺ SC expression and squamous lesions may be associated with epithelial dysplasia and/or tumor invasion.     

显微神经外科手术治疗小脑血管网状细胞瘤32例

1临床资料 2000-03／2003—12共收治小脑血管网状细胞瘤患者32（男21,女11）例,年龄24～59岁,平均38岁．病程1．6～6a,平均1．2a,其中病程1a内共23例,占70％．按类型分为囊肿结节型30例,实质肿块型2例．本组有家族史2例．表现有颅内压增高征27例,共济失调20例,眼球震颤15例,脑神经受损7例．均于术前行颅脑CT和MRI平扫加强化扫描检查,囊肿直径2．5～5．5cm．     

Prostaglandins increase trabecular meshwork outflow facility in cultured human anterior segments

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of latanoprost free acid and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on outflow facility in cultured human anterior segments. Clinical studies find prostaglandin treatment increases uveoscleral outflow, but do not agree whether trabecular outflow increases. Cultured anterior segments eliminate the uveoscleral pathway and enable a direct assessment of trabecular outflow. DESIGN: Laboratory investigation. METHODS: One anterior segment of an eye pair was placed in perfusion organ culture and received a continuous infusion of drug while the fellow anterior segment received vehicle. Histologic changes were assessed. Zymography and Western blots were used to analyze matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activity. Scleral hydraulic conductivities were measured. RESULTS: Latanoprost significantly increased outflow facility (67% +/- 11% vs control 6% +/- 10%, P < .001). Facility changes occurred within one hour of receiving drug, reaching a new baseline by 24 hours. Facility changes were reversible, requiring about 48 hours to return to pre-drug values. PGE1 caused less facility change (13% +/- 17% vs control 1% +/- 11%, P = .02). Prostaglandin treated anterior segments had regions of focal detachment and loss of Schlemm canal endothelial cells, with loss of extracellular matrix underlying some areas. MMPs were not consistently increased in Western blots, zymography, or immunohistochemistry. Scleral hydraulic conductivity increased, but not enough to account for total facility increase. CONCLUSIONS: Prostaglandins increase outflow facility in perfusion organ culture of human anterior segments. MMP activity was not consistently increased, and scleral hydraulic conductivity was not increased sufficiently to account for total facility increase. The histologic changes suggest a direct trabecular meshwork effect.     

Flexural allergic contact dermatitis to benzalkonium chloride in antiseptic bath oil

Benzalkonium chloride (BAK) is an acknowledged irritant but has also been identified as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis. The antiseptic bath emollient Oilatum Plus (Stiefel, High Wycombe, U.K.) contains a relatively high concentration of 6% BAK. We describe six patients who presented with flexural eczema, particularly involving the anogenital area, who had a history of using Oilatum Plus. Patch testing showed all six to have a type 4 allergy to BAK as well as other allergens. Avoidance of Oilatum Plus led to a resolution of the flexural eczema in each case.