全文获取类型
收费全文 | 187篇 |
免费 | 8篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
儿科学 | 60篇 |
妇产科学 | 4篇 |
基础医学 | 17篇 |
口腔科学 | 2篇 |
临床医学 | 6篇 |
内科学 | 38篇 |
皮肤病学 | 2篇 |
神经病学 | 9篇 |
特种医学 | 4篇 |
外科学 | 12篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 23篇 |
药学 | 14篇 |
肿瘤学 | 6篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 8篇 |
2020年 | 7篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 7篇 |
2015年 | 8篇 |
2014年 | 5篇 |
2013年 | 13篇 |
2012年 | 21篇 |
2011年 | 14篇 |
2010年 | 11篇 |
2009年 | 6篇 |
2008年 | 14篇 |
2007年 | 7篇 |
2006年 | 17篇 |
2005年 | 5篇 |
2004年 | 6篇 |
2003年 | 10篇 |
2002年 | 5篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有198条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
61.
62.
63.
Agostoni C Axelsson I Goulet O Koletzko B Michaelsen KF Puntis JW Rigo J Shamir R Szajewska H Turck D;ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition 《Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition》2004,39(5):465-473
This article by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition summarizes available information on the effects of adding prebiotic oligosaccharides to infant and follow-on formulae. Currently there are only limited studies evaluating prebiotic substances in dietetic products for infants. Although administration of prebiotic oligosaccharides has the potential to increase the total number of bifidobacteria in feces and may also soften stools, there is no published evidence of clinical benefits of adding prebiotic oligosaccharides to dietetic products for infants. Data on oligosaccharide mixtures in infant formulae do not demonstrate adverse effects, but further evaluation is recommended. Combinations and dosages in addition to those so far studied need to be fully evaluated with respect to both safety and efficacy before their use in commercial infant food products. Well-designed and carefully conducted randomized controlled trials with relevant inclusion/exclusion criteria, adequate sample sizes and validated clinical outcome measures are needed both in preterm and term infants. Future trials should define optimal quantity and types of oligosaccharides with prebiotic function, optimal dosages and duration of intake, short and long term benefits and safety. At the present time, therefore, the Committee takes the view that no general recommendation on the use of oligosaccharide supplementation in infancy as a prophylactic or therapeutic measure can be made. 相似文献
64.
Szajewska H Horvath A Koletzko B Kalisz M 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》2006,95(2):145-152
AIM: To systematically evaluate the effect of supplemental fluids or feedings during the first days of life on the overall breastfeeding duration and rate of exclusive breastfeeding among healthy infants. METHODS: Medical subject headings and free-language terms were used to search the following electronic databases for studies relevant to breastfeeding: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL), the Cochrane Library, and La Leche League. Only randomized, controlled trials (RCT) were considered for study inclusion. RESULTS: Of 56 potentially relevant clinical trials identified, only one RCT (170 infants) met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. In this study, formula feeding was significantly more frequent at 4 wk in the experimental group in which breastfeeding had been supplemented with 5% glucose ad libitum during the first 3 d of life (n = 83) than in the exclusively breastfed control group (n = 87) (p < 0.05). At 16 wk (5 mo postpartum), the percentage of mothers who continued breastfeeding, either exclusively or partially, was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.01).Conclusion: There remains considerable uncertainty about the effect of brief exposure to water, breast-milk substitutes, or other liquids on the success and duration of breastfeeding. 相似文献
65.
ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition Agostoni C Axelsson I Goulet O Koletzko B Michaelsen KF Puntis J Rieu D Rigo J Shamir R Szajewska H Turck D 《Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition》2006,42(4):352-361
This comment by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition summarizes available information on the composition and use of soy protein formulae as substitutes for breastfeeding and cows' milk protein formulae as well as on their suitability and safety for supporting adequate growth and development in infants. Soy is a source of protein that is inferior to cows' milk, with a lower digestibility and bioavailability as well as a lower methionine content. For soy protein infant formulae, only protein isolates can be used, and minimum protein content required in the current European Union legislation is higher than that of cows' milk protein infant formulae (2.25 g/100 kcal vs. 1.8 g/100kcal). Soy protein formulae can be used for feeding term infants, but they have no nutritional advantage over cows' milk protein formulae and contain high concentrations of phytate, aluminum, and phytoestrogens (isoflavones), which might have untoward effects. There are no data to support the use of soy protein formulae in preterm infants. Indications for soy protein formulae include severe persistent lactose intolerance, galactosemia, and ethical considerations (e.g., vegan concepts). Soy protein formulae have no role in the prevention of allergic diseases and should not be used in infants with food allergy during the first 6 months of life. If soy protein formulae are considered for therapeutic use in food allergy after the age of 6 months because of their lower cost and better acceptance, tolerance to soy protein should first be established byclinical challenge. There is no evidence supporting the use of soy protein formulae for the prevention or management of infantile colic, regurgitation, or prolonged crying. 相似文献
66.
Koletzko B Szajewska H Ashwell M Shamir R Aggett P Baerlocher K Noakes P Braegger C Calder P Campoy Folgoso C Colomb V Decsi T Domellöf M Dupont C Fewtrell M van Goudoever JB Michaelsen KF Mihatsch W Guarino A Koletzko S Rigo J Turck D Taminiau J;Early Nutrition Academy European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology Nutrition Committee on Nutrition – Consensus Group on Outcome Measures Made in Paediatric Enteral Nutrition Clinical Trials 《Annals of nutrition & metabolism》2012,60(4):222-232
The Early Nutrition Academy and the Child Health Foundation, in collaboration with the Committee on Nutrition, European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, held a workshop in March 2011 to explore guidance on acquiring evidence on the effects of nutritional interventions in infants and young children. The four objectives were to (1) provide guidance on the quality and quantity of evidence needed to justify conclusions on functional and clinical effects of nutrition in infants and young children aged <3 years; (2) agree on a range of outcome measures relevant to nutrition trials in this age group for which agreed criteria are needed; (3) agree on an updated 'core data set' that should generally be recorded in nutrition trials in infants and young children, and (4) provide guidance on the use of surrogate markers in paediatric nutrition research. The participants discussed these objectives and agreed to set up six first working groups under the auspices of the Consensus Group on Outcome Measures Made in Paediatric Enteral Nutrition Clinical Trials (COMMENT). Five groups will aim to identify and define criteria for assessing key outcomes, i.e. growth, acute diarrhoea, atopic dermatitis and cows' milk protein allergy, infections and 'gut comfort'. The sixth group will review and update the 'core data set'. The COMMENT Steering Committee will discuss and decide upon a method for reaching consensus which will be used by all working groups and plan to meet again within 2 years and to report and publish their conclusions. 相似文献
67.
Reza Shamsimeymandi Yaghoub Pourshojaei Khalil Eskandari Maryam Mohammadi‐Khanaposhtani Ardavan Abiri Arash Khodadadi Amin Langarizadeh Fariba Sharififar Bagher Amirheidari Tahmineh Akbarzadeh Hania Lotfian Alireza Foroumadi Ali Asadipour 《Archiv der Pharmazie》2019,352(7)
A series of novel chroman‐4‐one derivatives were designed and synthesized successfully with good to excellent yield ( 3a–l ). In addition, the obtained products were evaluated for their cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitory activities. The results show that among the various synthesized compounds, analogs bearing the piperidinyl ethoxy side chain with 4‐hydroxybenzylidene on the 3‐positions of chroman‐4‐one ( 3l ) showed the most potent activity with respect to acetylcholinesterase (anti‐AChE activity; IC50 = 1.18 μM). In addition, the structure–activity relationship was studied and the results revealed that the electron‐donating groups on the aryl ring of the 3‐benzylidene fragment ( 3k , 3l ) resulted in the designed compounds to be more potent ChE inhibitors in comparison with those having electron‐withdrawing groups ( 3h ). In this category, the strongest ChE inhibition was found for the compound containing piperidine as cyclic amine, and a hydroxyl group (for AChE, compound 3l ) and fluoro group (for butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE, compound 3i ) on the para‐position of the aryl ring of the benzylidene group. The molecular docking and dynamics studies of the most potent compounds ( 3i and 3l against BuChE and AChE, respectively) demonstrated remarkable interactions with the binding pockets of the ChE enzymes and confirmed the results obtained through in vitro experiments. 相似文献
68.
69.
70.