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81.
Sagarika Patyal Ajay Banarji VS Gurunadh Madhu Bhadauria )Poninder Kumar AK Upadhyay 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2011,67(2):113-116
Background
Glaucoma can develop after penetrating keratoplasty resulting in irreversible loss of vision. The incidence of post-penetrating keratoplasty glaucoma varies from 31% in the early postoperative period to 29% after three months. Various factors are responsible for the rise of intraocular pressure (IOP). This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of 0.5 mm larger donor corneal size on IOP following penetrating keratoplasty.Methods
Patients were divided into two groups: group I was phakic and group II consisted of aphakic and pseudophakic patients. The same surgical technique was used for obtaining and suturing the donor graft. The viscoelastics and the postoperative regime also remained the same in all cases. IOP was measured by the rebound tonometer.Results
The incidence of postoperative raised IOP in the first seven days in the phakic group was found to range from 16 mmHg to 25 mmHg and IOP in the aphakic/pseudophakic group ranged from 16 mmHg to 42 mmHg. The IOP in the phakic group after three weeks of surgery was around 12.3 mmHg and that in the pseudophakic/aphakic group was 14.8 mmHg-16.2 mmHg. In aphakic patients, IOP was controlled in the first six months with eyedrops Timolol 0.5% and tablet acetazolamide which was given only for short periods. IOP settled to <12 mmHg with timolol 0.5% after six months. In the pseudophakic patients, IOP became normal by six months. These were inclusive of patients who had undergone anterior reconstruction and/or vitrectomy.Conclusion
The study proves that keeping the donor corneal size 0.5 mm larger does not affect IOP and that aphakia itself is a factor responsible for rise of IOP due to anterior chamber angle compression. 相似文献82.
Background
A total of 31 cases of effects of high altitude were admitted to a field hospital from a particular sector during the year 2008. This study was hence undertaken to see the efficacy of acclimatisation as well as outline the determinants of acclimatisation. Methods: The study monitored the transients in the acclimatisation period as well as laid down the guidelines to certify their fitness after the acclimatisation period.Result
Almost 4.70% of transients were found unfit to proceed to higher altitudes even after acclimatisation. Tachycardia with oxygen saturation below 90% by digital pulse oximetry were the parameters found to be statistically significant as an indicator to declare a person as not fully acclimatised or otherwise.Conclusion
The administrative authorities must ensure that an individual is fully acclimatized, based on the fitness certificates issued, before being dispatched to their units located in high altitude areas.Key Words: Acclimatisation, Pulse oximetry, High altitude area 相似文献83.
Rohit Tewari VS Nijhawan MN Mishra Puja Dudeja TK Salopal 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2012,68(1):53-57
Background
In present day atherosclerosis is perceived as a chronic inflammatory vascular condition and infectious diseases are believed to contribute to its pathophysiology. In this context, the microorganisms which are believed to play a role in the pathophysiology include Chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Helicobacter pylori.Method
A case control study (retrospective) was conducted over a two-year period. The study population was divided into two groups with 200 individuals in each group. The first group comprised cases of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the second comprised healthy controls selected from the general population after matching for age and sex. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was done for immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies to H. pylori, C. pneumonia, and CMV. They were also evaluated for conventional risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and dyslipidaemia. Epi Info™ version 6 six software was used for analysis of data. Odds ratio, χ2 for trend and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to find out statistically significant results.Results
Seropositivity for H. pylori was present in 119 patients of CAD (59.5%) but it was present in only 76 controls (38%) (P = 0.001). There was a statistically significant association between seropositivity for H. pylori and CAD. There was no statistically significant association between C. pneumoniae and CMV seropositivity with CAD. Multiple logistic regression analysis was done with CAD as the outcome (dependent variable). The predictor covariates (independent) variables were seropositivity to H. pylori, C. pneumoniae, and CMV, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. It was found that seropositivity to H. pylori, hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidaemia were significant risk factors for CAD.Conclusion
Our study shows an association between IgG antibody response to H. pylori and CAD. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that this association was retained even on comparison with the other risk factors.Key Words: Chlamydia pneumoniae, coronary artery disease, cytomegalovirus, Helicobacter pylori 相似文献84.
M Welker J Salanitri VS Deshpande SM Shea D Li FS Pereles 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》2006,50(2):114-121
Coronary artery anomalies are uncommon entities that may be associated with sudden death. Because of its 2‐D projection imaging nature, conventional X‐ray coronary angiography may not accurately delineate the origins and course of aberrant coronary arteries with respect to the great vessels. Non‐invasive, cross‐sectional imaging techniques such as coronary CT angiography and magnetic resonance angiography are increasingly used in clinical practice to diagnose coronary artery anomalies. Although this study reviews coronary artery anatomy and selected anomalies as seen with true fast imaging with steady‐state precession magnetic resonance angiography, the information provided is equally applicable to electrocardiogram‐gated coronary CT angiography. 相似文献
85.
86.
VS Rotenberg P Indurski R Kimhi J Hadjez Y Gutman E Shamir Y Barak A Elizur 《International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice》2013,17(1):63-67
AIM: Few investigations of sleep structure in schizophrenia have concentrated on the relationship between objective and subjective sleep variables. The aim of this study was to assess objective sleep variables and subjective estimation of sleep duration and sleep quality. METHODS: Polysomnography was performed in 20 chronic patients with schizophrenia during three consecutive nights. After final awakenings subjects answered questions concerning subjective estimations of sleep duration, sleep latency, number of awakenings, and sleep depth. Pearson correlations between ranged subjective reports and objective sleep variables were performed. RESULTS: The results showed a high positive correlation between objective sleep latency and its subjective estimation; a positive correlation between subjective estimation of sleep depth and percentage of slow wave sleep (SWS%); a positive correlation between eye movement (EM) density and subjective estimation of wakefulness during the night; and a negative correlation between EM density and dream reports. CONCLUSION: We concluded that objective sleep variables are related to subjective sleep estimation in schizophrenic patients. In these patients, EM activity in REM sleep is related to the subjective feeling of wakefulness. (Int J Psych Clin Pract 2000; 4:63-67) 相似文献
87.
88.
Cross-linking of CD4 molecules upregulates Fas antigen expression in lymphocytes by inducing interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor- alpha secretion 总被引:17,自引:1,他引:17
We have recently shown that, in unfractioned peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), the cross-linking of CD4 molecules (CD4XL) is sufficient to induce T-cell apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanism for the CD4XL-mediated T-cell apoptosis is largely unknown. Several recent studies have shown that Fas antigen (Ag), a cell-surface molecule, mediates apoptosis-triggering signals. We show here that cross-linking of CD4 molecules, induced either by anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) Leu3a or by human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) envelope protein gp160, upregulates Fas Ag expression as well as Fas mRNA in normal lymphocytes. Addition of the tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor genistein or of the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin A abrogated these effects. The upregulation of Fas Ag closely correlated with apoptotic cell death, as determined by flow cytometry. In addition, CD4XL resulted in the induction of interferon-gamma (IFN- gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the absence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 secretion in PBMCs. Both INF-gamma and TNF-alpha were found to contribute to Fas Ag upregulation and both anti- IFN-gamma and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies blocked CD4XL-induced Fas Ag upregulation and lymphocyte apoptosis. These findings strongly suggest that aberrant cytokine secretion induced by CD4XL and consequent upregulation of Fas Ag expression might play a critical role in triggering peripheral T-cell apoptosis and thereby contribute to HIV disease pathogenesis. 相似文献
89.
Ramshekhar Menon VS Lekha Sunitha Justus P Sankara Sarma PS Mathuranath 《Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology》2014,17(4):420-425
Aims:
This pilot study sought to determine whether the Malayalam adaptation of Addenbrooke''s Cognitive Examination (M-ACE) can effectively identify patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI) and the impact of measures of learning and free recall.Materials and Methods:
A cohort of 23 patients with a-MCI aged between 55-80 years diagnosed as per current criteria and 23 group matched cognitively normal healthy controls (CNHC) were studied. The measures of acquisition and delayed recall were the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS)-III (verbal and visual subsets) and Delayed Matching-to-sample Test (DMS)-48. Test scores of M-ACE registration and recall scores were included. To examine the differences in test performances between the groups, we compared the number of subjects with test scores less than 1.5 standard deviation (SD) of the control scores. Comparisons between a-MCI and controls were drawn using Fisher''s exact test and Mann-Whitney U tests.Results:
M-ACE registration component ascertained on a 24-point scale failed to demonstrate any differences between a-MCI and controls (P = 0.665) as opposed to recall judged on a cumulative 10-point scale (P = 0.001). Significant differences were noted in RAVLT list learning (P < 0.001) and list recall (P = 0.003), WMS-III paragraph learning (P <0.001) and recall (P = 0.007), visual learning (P = 0.004) and recall (P = 0.001).Conclusions:
M-ACE recall scores are an effective screening tool to identify patients with suspected a-MCI. Both word list and paragraph learning and recall components have been found to be sensitive to concretely identify a-MCI and impairment on at least 2 tests should be considered in the diagnostic criteria of MCI rather than rely on a single screening battery. 相似文献90.
Kennedy DN; Lange N; Makris N; Bates J; Meyer J; Caviness VS Jr 《Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)》1998,8(4):372-384
This magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based morphometric analysis of
cortical topography in the human brain is based upon the segmentation and
parcellation of volumetric T1-weighted MRI data for a set of 20 young adult
brains including 10 males and 10 females. For the most part, each
parcellation unit (PU) of the neocortex corresponds to a single or a
portion of a single gyrus. The volumes of each PU were computed for each
brain. Subsets of PUs were also grouped so as to represent the neocortex
for the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. The coefficient of
variation of the mean volume of total neocortex and that of the neocortex
assigned to individual lobes cluster around 10%, whereas that of neocortex
assigned to the individual gyri (PU) is more than twice that value.
Approximately 80% of the total variance in gyral volume arises from
determinants interactive for individual and specific gyri, while only
approximately 10% of the total variance appears to be a reflection of
uniform scaling to total neocortical volume. Sexual dimorphism contributes
a pervasive though relatively small component of this variance. These
results have implications for the study of structure-function correlation,
and the proper statistical methods of handling volumetric data in
morphometric studies. In addition, the nature of the covariance structure
of the data will lead to future hypotheses regarding the relationships
between the various potential genetic and epigenetic gyral influencing
factors.
相似文献