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21.
A gradient in the duration of the G1 phase in the murine neocortical proliferative epithelium 总被引:8,自引:6,他引:2
Miyama S; Takahashi T; Nowakowski RS; Caviness VS Jr 《Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)》1997,7(7):678-689
Neuronogenesis in the neocortical pseudostratified ventricular epithelium
(PVE) is initiated rostrolaterally and progresses caudo- medially as
development progresses. Here we have measured the cytokinetic parameters
and the fractional neuronal output parameter, Q, of laterally located
early-maturing regions over the principal embryonic days (E12-E15) of
neocortical neuronogenesis in the mouse. These measures are compared with
ones previously made of a medial, late- maturing portion of the PVE.
Laterally, as medially, the duration of the neuronogenetic interval is 6
days and comprises 11 integer cell cycles. Also, in both lateral and medial
areas the length of G1 phase (TG1) increases nearly 4-fold and is the only
cell cycle parameter to change. Q progresses essentially identically
laterally and medially with respect to the succession of integer cell
cycles. Most importantly, from E12 to E13 there is a steeply declining
lateral to medial gradient in TG1. The gradient is due both to the lateral
to medial graded stage of neuronogenesis and to the stepwise increase in
TG1 with each integer cycle during the neuronogenetic interval. To our
knowledge this gradient in TG1 of the cerebral PVE is the first cell
biological gradient to be demonstrated experimentally in such an extensive
proliferative epithelial sheet. We suggest that this gradient in TG1 is the
cellular mechanism for positionally encoding a protomap of the neocortex
within the PVE.
相似文献
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Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy Pathiyil R Shankar VS Binu Chiranjoy Mukhopadhyay Biswabina Ray Ritesh G Menezes 《BMC medical education》2007,7(1):26
Background
In recent years there has been a growing appreciation of the issues of quality of life and stresses involved medical training as this may affect their learning and academic performance. However, such studies are lacking in medical schools of Nepal. Therefore, we carried out this study to assess the prevalence of psychological morbidity, sources and severity of stress and coping strategies among medical students in our integrated problem-stimulated undergraduate medical curriculum. 相似文献26.
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28.
VS Gurunadh A Banarji S Patyal AK Upadhyay TS Ahluwalia RP Gupta M Bhaduria 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2010,66(2):125-128
Background
Vitreous substitutes presently in use for intraoperative tamponade are perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCL) and for post operative tamponade are silicon oil (SO), sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) and perfluorocarbon gas (PFC). Several factors are important for a thorough understanding of each of these vitreous substitutes. The absorption or necessity for removal, indications for use (including clinical studies and special surgical methods), additives and complications of use have to be considered.Methods
Three port standard pars plana vitrectomy was performed in 60 consecutive cases requiring intra-vitreal intervention. PFCL was used intra-operatively in 30 cases (PFCL group and X group). The eyes were implanted with SO (silicon oil subgroup), PFC (C3F8 sub-group) and SF6 (SF6 sub-group) in twenty cases each. Apart from best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the retinal status and the longevity of gas when used, changes and reaction in both the anterior and posterior segments were noted.Result
The difference of postoperative BCVA in the PFCL and non-PFCL groups was statistically significant with p < 0.001. In both the PFCL and non-PFCL groups the difference between preoperative and postoperative BCVA was statistically significant with p < 0.0001. All three vitreous substitutes studied are effective given the case where they had been utilised.Conclusion
PFCL is invaluable in the management of complicated retinal detachment (RD). Where a vitreous microsurgery is indicated, the visual outcome is good. SF6 is useful for short-term tamponade. Silicon oil and C3F8 are useful for longer tamponade.Key Words: Tamponade, Perfluorocarbon liquids, Silicon oil, Sulphur hexafluoride, Perfluorocarbon gas, Retinal detachment 相似文献29.
VS Gurunadh A Banarji S Patyal TS Ahluwalia AK Upadhyay M Bhadauria 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2010,66(2):147-150
Background
Proliferative vitreo-retinopathy (PVR) is the most common cause of failed repair of a primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). The success rates for the surgery of complicated RRD has doubled with improved vitreous techniques from 35–40% to approximately 65–75% at six months. However, despite these advances, recurrent vitreo-retinal traction leads to re-detachment in more than one-fourths of the initially successful cases. The use of adjunctive treatments to prevent cellular proliferation holds promise for the prevention of PVR or recurrences after surgery. One focus has been on the use of intra-vitreal antimetabolites to prevent the occurrence of PVR.Methods
Thirty patients of complicated retinal detachment associated with PVR, C1 or more were managed by vitreo-retinal (VR) surgery with the addition of 250 μg / ml of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and 1 IU / ml of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) to the vitreous infusion. The patients were examined for any evidence of PVR till 180 days as also for any systemic or other ophthalmic complication.Result
Out of the 30 cases in the study group, 25 (83.34%) cases had retinal settlement at the end of six weeks, which is similar to the outcomes of conventional VR surgery. There was no case of any serious complication.Conclusion
The addition of LMWH and 5FU did not enhance the outcome of VR surgery.Key Words: Proliferative vitreo-retinopathy, Rhegmatogenons retinal detachment, 5-fluorouracil, Low molecular weight heparin 相似文献30.
Veysel Sabri Hancer Reyhan Diz-Kucukkaya Melih Aktan 《Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)》2012,29(2):1068-1072
Rai and Binet staging systems that have been used as a standard method for evaluating the prognosis of chronic lymphocytic
leukemia (CLL) have some restrictions in distinguishing the early stage CLL patients that will progress rapidly. To solve
this shortcoming, prognostic parameters other than staging have become important in the recent years. Intracellular upregulation
of Fc mu receptor (FCMR, FAIM3/TOSO) gene in the leukemic lymphocytes of the patients with CLL may be an important parameter in predicting the progression of
the disease. In this study, FCMR mRNA expression levels were evaluated in 50 CLL patients and in 50 healthy controls. FCMR mRNA expression was found to be
significantly higher in CLL patients than in healthy controls. We, then, evaluated FCMR mRNA levels according to the stages of CLL. Rai stage 0, I, II cases were compared with stage III and IV, and Binet A was
compared with Binet B and C according to FCMR mRNA levels. In cases with higher risks, Rai stage III, IV and Binet stage B and C, FCMR mRNA levels were also significantly higher. In addition, overexpression of the FCMR seems to be promoting the chromosomal abnormalities. As a result, we found that the mRNA levels of FCMR in the CLL patients are 23-fold higher than that of the control group and this may suggest that it can be associated with
the disease progression and survival. For this reason and because of the simplicity of analyzing with Q-PCR, it can be a useful
clinical parameter, after its importance has been shown in larger and multi-variate studies. 相似文献