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Background
There are limited studies about optimal duration and benefits of breastfeeding—and in particular, exclusive breastfeeding—on infant health and growth in the occupied Palestinian territory. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of exclusive breastfeeding on the health of infants in the Gaza Strip (at age 9 months), in terms of anthropometric measurements, growth, and morbidity.Methods
This study targeted mothers with infants attending primary health centres for vaccination at 9 months of age. Eight primary health centres were randomly selected from United Nation for Relief and Work Agency and Ministry of Health primary health centres in four regions of the Gaza Strip. Of 343 mother–infant pairs, in the first 6 months of life 251 infants received mixed feeding and 92 were exclusively breastfed.Findings
There were significant differences between the head circumferences of infants who were exclusively breastfed and those who received mixed feeding (44·1 cm [SD 1·39] and 43·7 cm [SD 1·15], respectively; p=0·007). There were no significant differences in the length and weight of infants between the two groups. Infants who were exclusively breastfed had a significantly lower frequency of gastrointestinal infections than infants who received mixed feeding (48% and 80%, respectively; p=0·001), as well as greater protection against respiratory tract infection (47% and 83%, respectively; p=0·001), lower incidence of otitis media (18% and 38%, respectively), and a significantly lower risk of urinary tract infection (5% and 65% respectively; p=0·001).Interpretation
Human milk is unique, and breastfeeding is the healthiest practice for healthy term infants for approximately the first 6 months after birth, providing ideal nutrition and supporting optimal growth and development. It also provides reasonable protection against infectious diseases. Thus, breastfeeding is the reference model against which all alternative feeding methods must be measured, with respect to growth, and short-term and long-term health outcomes. Infants should be introduced to nutrient-rich, solid foods (with particular attention to iron) at 6 months, with continued breastfeeding for up to 2 years. Every effort should be made to maintain breastfeeding rather than using formula or other milk substitute.Funding
None. 相似文献23.
Rasool Bagheri Mohammad Reza Pourahmadi Ali Reza Sarmadi Ismail Ebrahimi Takamjani Giti Torkaman Sayyed Hamed Fazeli 《Journal of bodywork and movement therapies》2018,22(2):266-275
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of kinesiology tape, anesthesia, and kinesiology tape along with anesthesia, on motor neuron excitability.Participants
Participants included 20 healthy men aged 20–35 years, who were examined over 5 sessions.Intervention
The five experimental sessions included: control without applying the kinesiology tape or Eutectic Mixture of Local Anesthetics (EMLA); treatment only with EMLA; only kinesiology tape application; only sham tape application; and treatment with kinesiology tape and EMLA.Main outcome measures
The H-reflex recruitment curve of the soleus and lateral gastrocnemius was recorded by a blinded assessor in the 5 separate sessions randomly assigned with 48 h washout periods. The major H-reflex parameters include: the Hmax/Mmax ratio, the H-reflex threshold stimulation intensity (Hth), the intensity of maximum H-reflex (IntensityHmax), the H-reflex ascending slope (Hslp), and the H-reflex ascending slope fixed into the first three points (first Hslp).Results
The H-reflex parameters (H slope, first Hslp, Hth, and IntensityHmax) were facilitated by application of the kinesiology tape with and without EMLA; however, EMLA inhibited the H-reflex parameters (Hmax/Mmax ratio, Hslp, first Hslp, and Hth) in both the soleus and lateral gastrocnemius. The sham tape did not alter the H-reflex recruitment curve parameters. The statistical model revealed a significant difference between the kinesiology tape and the sham tape and control sessions, between kinesiology tape–EMLA and EMLA, and between kinesiology tape–EMLA and control session.Conclusions
Results suggest that the kinesiology tape facilitates the muscle activity and the underlying mechanism on the gastrosoleus motor neuron pool involves the cutaneous receptors. 相似文献24.
Hamed?AghajaniEmail author Mohammad?Reza?Marvie Mohadjer Ehsan?Bari Katie?M.?Ohno Anoushirvan?Shirvany Mohamad?Reza?Asef 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India. Section B.》2018,88(4):1463-1469
Fungal diversity in the Hyrcanian forests can greatly vary due to diverse ecological conditions. The scope of the present research was to investigate the diversity of wood decay fungi at three sites in the northern forests of Iran. Fruiting bodies of fungi were collected in three plots dominated by Quercus castaneifolia C.A.M. (oak) and Carpinus betulus L. (hornbeam) in the Hyrcanian Forest. As many as 19 and 13 taxa were found on hornbeam and oak, respectively. The identification of these fungi revealed Fomes fomentarius (L.) Fr. and Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst. as highly abundant on hornbeam and oak, respectively. Highest fungal abundance was observed at an altitude range of 1150-1200 meters above sea level. Diversity of macro-fungi was determined and the mean Shannon diversity index was found to be 2.52 and 1.94 for hornbeam and oak, respectively, and mean equitability was calculated as 0.84 and 0.73 for hornbeam and oak, respectively. There were no significant differences in the Shannon Diversity Index or equitability. Overall, current work showed that most of the identified fungi were classified as white rot fungi. 相似文献
25.
Zeinab ASKARI Hamed MIRJALALI Mehdi MOHEBALI Zabih ZAREI Saeideh SHOJAEI Tahereh REZAEIAN Mostafa REZAEIAN 《Iranian Journal of Parasitology》2015,10(3):381-388
Background: Microsporidia species are obligatory intracellular agents that can infect all major animal groups including mammals, birds, fishes and insects. Whereas worldwide human infection reports are increasing, the cognition of sources of infection particularly zoonotic transmission could be helpful. We aimed to detect zoonotic microsporidia spore in fecal samples from some animals with close – contact to human.
Methods: Overall, 142 fecal samples were collected from animals with closed-contact to human, during 2012-2013. Trichrome – blue staining were performed and DNA was then extracted from samples, identified positive, microscopically. Nested PCR was also carried out with primers targeting SSU rRNA gene and PCR products were sequenced.
Results: From 142 stool samples, microsporidia spores have been observed microscopically in 15 (10.56%) samples. En. cuniculi was found in the faces of 3 (15%) small white mice and 1 (10%) laboratory rabbits(totally 2.81%). Moreover, E. bieneusi was detected in 3 (10%) samples of sheep, 2 (5.12%) cattle, 1 (10%) rabbit, 3 (11.53%) cats and 2 (11.76%) ownership dogs (totally 7.74%). Phylogenetic analysis showed interesting data. This is the first study in Iran, which identified E. bieneusi and En. Cuniculi in fecal samples of laboratory animals with close – contact to human as well as domesticated animal and analyzed them in phylogenetic tree.
Conclusion:
E. bieneusi is the most prevalent microsporidia species in animals. Our results can also alert us about potentially zoonotic transmission of microsporidiosis.Key Words: Laboratory animals, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Zoonotic transmission 相似文献
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Al-Herz Adeeba Saleh Khuloud Al-Awadhi Adel Al-Kandari Waleed Hasan Eman Ghanem Aqeel Hussain Mohammed Ali Yaser Nahar Ebrahim Alenizi Ahmad Hayat Sawsan Abutiban Fatemah Aldei Ali Alhajeri Hebah Alhadhood Naser Bahbahani Husain Tarakmeh Hoda Mokaddem Khaled Khadrawy Ahmad Fazal Ammad Zaman Agaz Mazloum Ghada Bartella Youssef Hamed Sally Alsouk Ramia Al-Saber Ahmed 《Clinical rheumatology》2021,40(5):1759-1765
Clinical Rheumatology - Biologics are indicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in case of persistent high disease activity despite conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (cDMARDs) or... 相似文献
28.
Mohammad Abd Alkhalik Basha Hossam M. Abdelrahman Maha Ibrahime Metwally Nader Ali Alayouty Nesreen Mohey Mohamed M.A. Zaitoun Hosam Nabil Almassry Hala Y. Yousef Ahmed A. El Sammak Sameh Abdelaziz Aly Hesham Youssef Algazzar Mohamed Abd El‐Aziz Mohamed Farag Walid Mosallam Waleed S. Abo Shanab Safaa A. Ibrahim Ekramy A. Mohamed Abd El Motaleb Mohamed Amira Hamed Mohamed Afifi Ola A. Harb Taghreed M. Azmy 《Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI》2021,53(1):292-304
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