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991.
Aim: This study investigated the effect of a selective A1 -adenosine receptor (A1 -AR) antagonist, 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX), on the renal dysfunction and histological damage induced by ischaemia/reperfusion at an early stage.
Methods: Pentobarbital anaesthetised rats were prepared for measuring renal functional variables. Ischaemia was induced by bilateral renal artery clamping for 30 min followed by a 4 h reperfusion period. In DPCPX-treated rats, it was infused (i.v.) at 10 µg/kg per min before and after renal ischaemia. Both kidneys were examined using light and electron microscopy.
Results: The renal ischaemic challenge resulted in major histological and ultrastructural damages, which were associated with decreased creatinine clearance, absolute potassium-excretion and effective free-water reabsorption, but increased fractional sodium-excretion and urine flow during reperfusion period. In DPCPX-treated rats, the histological and ultrastructural damage to the kidneys was improved along with the decrease in creatinine clearance and increase in fractional sodium-excretion being smaller, but the increase in urine flow being larger than those of the non-treated rats, while absolute potassium-excretion and effective free-water reabsorption were equal to those of the sham-operated rats.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that endogenous activation of A1 -AR contributes to the early development of renal ischaemia/reperfusion injury. 相似文献
Methods: Pentobarbital anaesthetised rats were prepared for measuring renal functional variables. Ischaemia was induced by bilateral renal artery clamping for 30 min followed by a 4 h reperfusion period. In DPCPX-treated rats, it was infused (i.v.) at 10 µg/kg per min before and after renal ischaemia. Both kidneys were examined using light and electron microscopy.
Results: The renal ischaemic challenge resulted in major histological and ultrastructural damages, which were associated with decreased creatinine clearance, absolute potassium-excretion and effective free-water reabsorption, but increased fractional sodium-excretion and urine flow during reperfusion period. In DPCPX-treated rats, the histological and ultrastructural damage to the kidneys was improved along with the decrease in creatinine clearance and increase in fractional sodium-excretion being smaller, but the increase in urine flow being larger than those of the non-treated rats, while absolute potassium-excretion and effective free-water reabsorption were equal to those of the sham-operated rats.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that endogenous activation of A
992.
A.‐S. Halling‐Overgaard C.R. Hamann R.P. Holm A. Linneberg J.I. Silverberg A. Egeberg J.P. Thyssen 《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》2018,32(8):1238-1245
While several maternal exposures have been associated with an increased risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) in offspring, the effect of alcohol use during pregnancy on the risk of AD in offspring is unclear. Furthermore, it is unclear whether adults with AD have an increased alcohol use, although other poor health behaviours have been associated with AD including smoking and physical inactivity as well as psychiatric disease. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, the association between alcohol use and AD was investigated in two ways: 1) whether alcohol use (drinkers versus abstainers) during pregnancy is associated with AD in offspring and 2) whether AD is associated with increased alcohol use. The medical databases PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched, and data extraction was carried out by two independent reviewers. Eighteen studies were included in the qualitative analysis (comparing alcohol drinkers to abstainers), and 12 studies were included in the quantitative analysis. There was a positive association between alcohol use during pregnancy and development of AD in offspring (pooled odds ratio [OR] 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.24). However, there was no consistent association between AD in adults and adolescents and alcohol use (pooled OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.92–1.23). There is a need for future well‐designed prospective studies to firmly establish the association between alcohol use and AD. 相似文献
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The canon of material and immaterial references of the urological heritage must always be recognized as a part of a continous process of negotiation. Within German Urology the culture of remembrance on Maximilian Nitze reveals one of such processes. 相似文献
996.
Rupen Shah MD Jeffrey D. Borrebach MS Jacob C. Hodges MS Patrick R. Varley MD MSc Mary Kay Wisniewski MT MACom Myrick C. Shinall Jr MD PhD Shipra Arya MD SM Jonas Johnson MD Joel B. Nelson MD Ada Youk PhD Nader N. Massarweh MD MPH Jason M. Johanning MD MS Daniel E. Hall MD MDiv MHSc 《Journal of the American Geriatrics Society》2020,68(8):1818-1824
997.
Atul Kotwal SM Maj Harpreet Singh A.K. Verma R.M. Gupta Shishir Jain S. Sinha R.K. Joshi Prabhakar Teli Vijay Khunga Anuj Bhatnagar Richa Ranjan 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2014
Background
Various Serosurveys and studies provide ample evidence of differing perspectives regarding epidemiology of HAV and HEV in India. This study was conducted to assess the seroprevalence of HAV and HEV and its associated factors with an aim to provide inputs to planners regarding requirement of HAV vaccine.Methods
A multi-centric cross sectional survey amongst 4175 healthy trainees (young adults) was carried out in training centres, selected by multistage random sampling, giving equal representation to all regions of India. Sample size was calculated by taking prevalence of HAV seropositivity amongst adults as 60% and alpha 0.05.Results
Seroprevalence for HAV and HEV was 92.68% (95% CI 91.82, 93.47) and 17.05% (15.90, 18.26), respectively. Logistic regression showed that hand washing without soap, regular close contact with domestic animals, consumption of unpasteurized milk and regular consumption of food outside home were risk factors for HAV (p < 0.05). For HEV, irregular hand washing, consumption of unpasteurized milk and irregular consumption of freshly prepared food were risk factors (p < 0.05).Conclusion
High level of immunity against HAV among the healthy young adults clearly demonstrates that vaccination against HAV is not required at present in our country. The large proportion being susceptible to HEV points towards the requirement of preventive strategies in the form of safe drinking water supply, hygiene, sanitation, increasing awareness and behaviour change with respect to personal hygiene especially hand and food hygiene. 相似文献998.
Sagarika Patyal SM Col Atul Kotwal Air Vice Marshal Ajay Banarji V.S. Gurunadh 《Medical Journal Armed Forces India》2014
Background
Frequency Doubling perimetry (FDT) has been found to precede visual loss detected by standard automated perimetry (SAP) by as much as four years and the initial development of glaucomatous visual field loss as measured by SAP was found to occur in regions that had previously demonstrated abnormalities on FDT testing.Methods
A study on 55 glaucoma suspects (determined as per American Academy Guidelines, Preferred Practice Pattern, Oct 2010), was compared to 50 healthy participants (HP). Both glaucoma suspects and HP underwent SAP and FDT in random order. Only reliable fields were compared.Results
Mean deviation of FDT Matrix was significantly lower than SAP SITA in suspect and healthy group ; two devices showed significant correlation amongst both groups (suspects p = 0.002, healthy p = 0.011). Significant difference was found in PSD of SAP SITA and FDT Matrix (p = 0.001) in the glaucoma suspect group, PSD of FDT Matrix was significantly higher than PSD of SAP SITA in the healthy group (p < 0.001). PSD of SAP SITA significantly correlated with FDT Matrix PSD in glaucoma group (r = 0.579; p = 0.001) but no significant correlation found in healthy group (r = 0.153; p = 0.290). Percentages of normal test locations significantly higher in FDT Matrix compared to SAP SITA in glaucoma suspects and healthy participants.Conclusion
FDT correlates well with SAP and may be used for patients who are unable to perform well and reliably with SAP but does not show any features of earlier glaucoma changes in this study. 相似文献999.
Lithner D Halling M Dave G 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2012,62(4):579-588
Electronic waste has become one of the fastest growing waste problems in the world. It contains both toxic metals and toxic
organics. The aim of this study was to (1) investigate to what extent toxicants can leach from different electronic products,
components, and materials into water and (2) identify which group of toxicants (metals or hydrophobic organics) that is causing
toxicity. Components from five discarded electronic products (cell phone, computer, phone modem, keyboard, and computer mouse)
were leached in deionised water for 3 days at 23°C in concentrations of 25 g/l for metal components, 50 g/l for mixed-material
components, and 100 g/l for plastic components. The water phase was tested for acute toxicity to Daphnia magna. Eighteen of 68 leachates showed toxicity (with immobility of D. magna ≥ 50% after 48 h) and came from metal or mixed-material components. The 8 most toxic leachates, with 48 h EC50s ranging from 0.4 to 20 g/l, came from 2 circuit sheets (key board), integrated drive electronics (IDE) cable clips (computer),
metal studs (computer), a circuit board (computer mouse), a cord (phone modem), mixed parts (cell phone), and a circuit board
(key board). All 5 electronic products were represented among them. Toxicity identification evaluations (with C18 and CM resins
filtrations and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid addition) indicated that metals caused the toxicity in the majority of the
most toxic leachates. Overall, this study has shown that electronic waste can leach toxic compounds also during short-term
leaching with pure water. 相似文献
1000.