全文获取类型
收费全文 | 874篇 |
免费 | 29篇 |
国内免费 | 13篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 6篇 |
儿科学 | 33篇 |
妇产科学 | 38篇 |
基础医学 | 134篇 |
口腔科学 | 6篇 |
临床医学 | 41篇 |
内科学 | 203篇 |
皮肤病学 | 6篇 |
神经病学 | 134篇 |
特种医学 | 11篇 |
外科学 | 59篇 |
综合类 | 5篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 74篇 |
眼科学 | 16篇 |
药学 | 103篇 |
中国医学 | 3篇 |
肿瘤学 | 43篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 13篇 |
2021年 | 18篇 |
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 18篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 13篇 |
2015年 | 21篇 |
2014年 | 28篇 |
2013年 | 36篇 |
2012年 | 68篇 |
2011年 | 80篇 |
2010年 | 40篇 |
2009年 | 32篇 |
2008年 | 57篇 |
2007年 | 66篇 |
2006年 | 78篇 |
2005年 | 34篇 |
2004年 | 65篇 |
2003年 | 63篇 |
2002年 | 54篇 |
2001年 | 5篇 |
2000年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1996年 | 7篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1938年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有916条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
Dobrzynski H Nikolski VP Sambelashvili AT Greener ID Yamamoto M Boyett MR Efimov IR 《Circulation research》2003,93(11):1102-1110
During failure of the sinoatrial node, the heart can be driven by an atrioventricular (AV) junctional pacemaker. The position of the leading pacemaker site during AV junctional rhythm is debated. In this study, we present evidence from high-resolution fluorescent imaging of electrical activity in rabbit isolated atrioventricular node (AVN) preparations that, in the majority of cases (11 out of 14), the AV junctional rhythm originates in the region extending from the AVN toward the coronary sinus along the tricuspid valve (posterior nodal extension, PNE). Histological and immunohistochemical investigation showed that the PNE has the same morphology and unique pattern of expression of neurofilament160 (NF160) and connexins (Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45) as the AVN itself. Block of the pacemaker current, If, by 2 mmol/L Cs+ increased the AV junctional rhythm cycle length from 611+/-84 to 949+/-120 ms (mean+/-SD, n=6, P<0.001). Immunohistochemical investigation showed that the principal If channel protein, HCN4, is abundant in the PNE. As well as the AV junctional rhythm, the PNE described in this study may also be involved in the slow pathway of conduction into the AVN as well as AVN reentry, and the predominant lack of expression of Cx43 as well as the presence of Cx45 in the PNE shown could help explain its slow conduction. 相似文献
102.
103.
104.
Markus W. Haun Halina Sklenarova Eva C. Winkler Johannes Huber Michael Thomas Laura A. Siminoff Michael Woll Anette Brechtel Wolfgang Herzog Mechthild Hartmann 《Supportive care in cancer》2014,22(9):2473-2478
Purpose
The recently introduced Cancer Communication Assessment Tool (CCAT-PF) measures congruence in patient–caregiver communication and was initially validated in lung cancer patients. Contributing to a greater proportion of the variance in the conflict scores, primary caregivers were hypothesized to experience greater stress. For a detailed understanding of conflicting communication patterns of cancer-affected families, our study aimed for psychometric validation of the CCAT-PF in a sample covering heterogeneous tumor entities.Methods
Subsequent to a cross-sectional survey of 189 pairs of cancer patients (31 % gastrointestinal, 34 % lung, and 35 % urological) and their caregivers’ exploratory factor analysis with principal component condensation and varimax rotation was conducted (response rate, 74.2 %). Reliability and construct validity were assessed calculating Cronbach’s α and Pearson correlation coefficients for CCAT-P and CCAT-F scales and related constructs, respectively.Results
Cancer-related communication according to the CCAT-PF can be subdivided into four factors including the scales Disclosure, Limitation of treatment, Family involvement in treatment decisions, and Continuing treatment. Reliability ranged from α?=?.51–.68. The Disclosure scale, describing poor cancer-related communication of the patient, was correlated with patient’s distress (QSC-R10: r?=?.30, p?<?.0001), unmet needs in several areas (SCNS-SF-34: r?=?.25–.32, p?<?.001), and negatively with social/family well-being (FACT: r?=??0.31, p?<?.0001). Higher scores on the scale were significantly associated with considerable decrements in emotional well-being especially for caregivers perceiving patients’ disclosure as problematic.Conclusions
The Disclosure scale originating from the CCAT-PF emerged as a short, valid, and reliable stand-alone instrument for identifying conflicting communication in patient–caregiver–dyads at risk. 相似文献105.
One of the existing priorities of the European Union is to search for rational waste management and to keep such waste in the economic cycle, while meeting the highest safety requirements. The paper presents the results of environmental tests of composites based on the polyethylene (rPE) and polypropylene (rPP) matrix and reinforced with cellulose fibres (newsprint, NP). Raw materials were obtained by recycling post-consumer waste such as beverage bottles and newsprint. The composites were tested for their potential use as materials in cladding panels and acoustic barriers. Given that normative documents for these products do not define specific environmental requirements, the composites were tested for the release of dangerous substances, such as anions of inorganic compounds, heavy metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and their impact on the environment. A detailed in-depth analysis of the mechanisms of release of substances (diffusion, dissolution, surface leaching and depletion) from the rPP/NP composite into surface water, groundwater and soil was carried out. In turn, emission of VOCs from the rPE (low-density:high-density (LD:HD)—50:50) and rPE (LD:HD—30:70) composites into indoor air was also carried out. Raw materials in the form of granulates and loose cellulose fibres, used to produce the composites, were also tested for their environmental impact. 相似文献
106.
Hepatic encephalopathy is a medical phenomenon that is described as a neuropsychiatric manifestation of chronic or acute liver disease that is characterized by psychomotor,intellectual and cognitive abnormalities with emotional/affective and behavioral disturbances.This article focuses on the underlying mechanisms of the condition and the differences between hepatic encephalopathy and noncirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy.Hepatic encephalopathy is a serious condition that can cause neurological death with brain edema and intracranial hypertension.It is assumed that approximately 60%-80% of patients with liver cirrhosis develop hepatic encephalopathy This review explores the complex mechanisms that lead to hepatic encephalopathy.However,noncirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy is not associated with hepatic diseases and has a completely different etiology.Noncirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy is a severe occurrence that is connected with multiple pathogeneses. 相似文献
107.
Joanna Matowicka-Karna Zbigniew Kamocki Halina Kemona 《World journal of gastrointestinal pathophysiology》2013,4(2):28-33
AIM: To assess the activation of platelets and their phagocytic activity in the course of gastric cancer. METHODS: Forty-three gastric cancer patients were recruited to the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups depending on tumor stage. Group E included 6 patients with early gastric cancer; group A included 18 patients with locally advanced cancer; and group M included 19 patients with metastatic cancer. The investigations were performed twice, prior to surgery and 12-14 d afterwards. RESULTS: The platelet count and the level of sP-selectin were found to increase with the disease progression. The level of sP-selectin was lowest in early cancer and was observed to increase after surgery in all the study patients. Irrespective of tumor stage, a statistically significant decrease was noted in the percentage of phagocytizing platelets and in the phagocytic index in gastric cancer patients as compared to healthy subjects. Despite increased platelet count and stimulation of thrombocytopoiesis, the phagocytic functions of blood platelets were markedly impaired. Tumor development seems to impair metabolic processes. CONCLUSION: A decreasing phagocytic activity can promote both inflammatory processes and cancer growth. 相似文献
108.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
109.
Shiying Silvia Zheng Zohra Ahmadi Halina Hoi Laam Leung Rose Wong Feng Yan Jos Sail Perdomo Beng Hock Chong 《Haematologica》2022,107(9):2195
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a bleeding disorder caused by dysregulated B- and T- cell functions, which lead to platelet destruction. A well-recognized mechanism of ITP pathogenesis involves anti-platelet and anti-megakaryocyte antibodies recognizing membrane glycoprotein (GP) complexes, mainly GPIb/IX and GPIIb/IIIa. In addition to the current view of phagocytosis of the opsonised platelets by splenic and hepatic macrophages via their Fc γ receptors, antibody-induced platelet desialylation and apoptosis have also been reported to contribute to ITP pathogenesis. Nevertheless, the relationship between the specific thrombocytopenic mechanisms and various types of anti-platelet antibodies has not been established. In order to ascertain such association, we used sera from 61 ITP patients and assessed the capacity of anti-platelet antibodies to induce neuraminidase 1 (NEU1) surface expression, RCA-1 lectin binding and loss of mitochondrial inner membrane potential on donors’ platelets. Sera from ITP patients with detectable antibodies caused significant platelet desialylation and apoptosis. Anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies appeared more capable of causing NEU1 surface translocation while anti-GPIb/IX complex antibodies resulted in a higher degree of platelet apoptosis. In ITP patients with anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies, both desialylation and apoptosis were dependent on FcγRIIa signaling rather than platelet activation. Finally, we confirmed in a murine model of ITP that destruction of human platelets induced by anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibodies can be prevented with the NEU1 inhibitor oseltamivir. A collaborative clinical trial is warranted to investigate the utility of oseltamivir in the treatment of ITP. 相似文献
110.
Markus W. Haun Halina Sklenarova Matthias Villalobos Michael Thomas Anette Brechtel Bernd Löwe Wolfgang Herzog Mechthild Hartmann 《Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2014