Otoconin 90蛋白在豚鼠内耳的表达

目的观察Otoconin 90蛋白在内耳的表达情况,探讨其在耳石代谢中的意义。方法采用免疫组织化学SP方法 (streptavidin-perosidase,链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶连结法)检测正常豚鼠内耳切片各主要部位Otoconin 90表达情况。结果 Otoconin 90蛋白不只在椭圆囊和球囊囊斑的感觉上皮有表达,在与其临近和相对位置的非感觉上皮,以及壶腹、半规管和耳蜗等多个部位均有丰富表达,在椭圆囊和球囊囊腔、半规管内等也有染色阳性物质出现。结论 Otoconin 90蛋白在内耳呈现出"多点"表达的特点,提示内耳多处产生Otoconin 90,可能最后转运至椭圆囊和球囊囊斑,在此与钙离子相互作用形成耳石。     

Epidemiology of vulvar intra-epithelial neoplasias

The vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia has been identified as one of the 12 neoplasias whose incidence increases in the developed countries. The vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and invasive vulvar cancer incidence increases by 2.4% per annum; and this principally in young women. The VIN account for 57% of the vulvar neoplasias and are actually more frequent than invasive carcinomas. In the United States, between 1973 and 2000, the incidence of the VIN increased by 411% against 20% for invasive cancers. Similar figures were reported from Norwegian registers. The VIN have a different age distribution than invasive cancers: the incidence of the VIN increases until the age of 40-49 years then decreases while the incidence of invasive cancers increases after 50 years without real peak of incidence. The increase in the incidence of VIN could be followed by an increase in the incidence of invasive cancers but the unknowns on the natural history of the VIN and the impact of the treatments make any extrapolation hazardous. The association between the VIN and the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been well established. It should be noted that, contrary to the cervical neoplasia that are related for nearly 100% to the HPV, only 30-40% of invasive cancers of the vulva are related to HPV, while the other carcinomas are related to the evolution of a vulvar lichen sclerous. The HPV induce various types of anogenital lesion according to their genotype. These lesions can be benign for the HPV6 and 11 and preneoplastic or neoplastic for the HPV16 and 18. The presence of HPV16 and 18 is found in 70 to 80% of the VIN suggesting that HPV vaccines could decrease the incidence VIN and HPV related invasive vulvar cancer.     

血清戊型肝炎抗体检测的比较研究

目的评价戊型肝炎抗HEV E2 IgM、IgG酶联免疫试剂(捕获法)在戊型肝炎诊断中的意义。方法对226例肝病患者及50例健康体检者进行抗HEV E2 IgM、IgG检测,同时对226例患者进行上海科华抗HEV IgM、IgG试剂平行检测。结果抗HEV E2 IgM ELISA试剂在226例肝病患者中检出43例阳性,阳性率为19.0%。上海科华试剂在226例肝病患者中检出45例抗HEV-IgM阳性和/或抗HEV-IgG阳性,阳性率为19.9%,与抗HEV E2 IgM ELISA试剂检测结果相符,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。抗HEVE2IgM阴性、抗HEV IgG阳性的99例临床诊断考虑戊型肝炎既往感染病例中,上海科华试剂检出16例抗HEV IgG阳性,占16.2%。结论抗HEV E2 IgM ELISA试剂用于戊型肝炎急性感染的检测灵敏准确,是一个较好的HEV近期感染指标。万泰抗HEVIgG试剂在戊型肝炎既往感染的诊断上具有准确、敏感的优势。     

西维来司钠对脑损伤继发吸入性肺损伤大鼠的影响研究

目的:探讨西维来司钠(Sivelestat sodiom)雾化吸入对脑损伤继发肺损伤大鼠的影响,从炎性反应角度探讨其作用机制.方法:SD大鼠60只,随机分为6组,正常组(A),误吸组(B),脑损伤误吸组(C),生理盐水雾化吸入组(D),地塞米松雾化吸入组(E),西维来司钠雾化吸入组(F),每组10只,用酶联免疫吸附(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,BALF)的中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶(Neutrophil elastase,NE)和白介素-8(Interleukin-8,IL-8)含量,免疫透射比浊法测定BALF中白蛋白浓度;光镜观察肺组织病理改变.结果:F组肺组织形态学改善最明显,其次为E组;E、F组大鼠BALF中NE低于B、C、D组(P＜0.05),F组最明显;E、F组大鼠BALF中IL-8含量均低于C、D组(P＜0.05),但E、F2组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:西维来司钠雾化吸入对脑损伤继发吸入性肺损伤大鼠肺组织的改善作用优于地塞米松,其作用机制可能与抑制NE的产生和活性,减轻NE对肺组织的直接损伤作用和抑制肺内炎性网络循环反应导致的肺组织损伤有关.     

血液灌流对急性百草枯中毒兔氧化应激和基质金属蛋白酶及其抑制物的影响

目的 观察血液灌流(hemoperfusion,HP)对急性百草枯(PQ)中毒兔氧化指标和基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9及基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)的影响,探讨HP对急性PQ中毒兔的治疗作用及机制.方法 将78只日本大耳白兔随机分成正常对照组(N组)6只、PQ中毒组(PQ组)24只、HP治疗组24只、空白对照组(HP对照组)24只.后3组动物分为1、3、7、21d4个观察时间组,N组给予5 ml生理盐水灌胃;PQ组每只兔经口一次灌胃PQ (50 mg/kg); HP治疗组兔经口一次灌胃PQ (50 mg/kg)后于1h内予活性炭HP治疗2h,HP对照组给予等量生理盐水灌注后1h内予无吸附柱灌流2h.分别测定不同处理后动物肺、肝脏、肾脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力,并用免疫组化SP法检测MMP-2和MMP-9及TIMP-1表达.结果 随观察时间的延长,PQ组和HP治疗组兔肺、肝、肾组织中MDA含量呈下降趋势,SOD及GSH-Px活力呈上升趋势.PQ组与HP治疗组肺、肝、肾组织MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1在第1天表达均增强,PQ组最为明显,随观察时间的延长,各种阳性表达仍呈较高水平.与N组比较,PQ中毒组和HP治疗组动物肺、肝、肾组织中SOD、GSH-Px活力明显降低,肺、肝、肾组织中MDA含量增高;肺、肝、肾组织中MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1含量明显增加,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).与PQ组比较,HP治疗组动物肺、肝、肾组织中SOD、GSH-Px活力明显升高,MDA含量降低;肺、肝、肾组织中MMP-2、MMP-9、TIMP-1含量降低,但高于N组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 急性PQ中毒引起的脏器损伤可能与氧化应激及基质金属蛋白酶异常变化有关,HP可能通过改善组织清除自由基的能力及下调兔肺、肝、肾组织中MMP-2、MMP-9和TIMP-1含量,上调组织中MMP-9/TIMP-1比值而发挥救治PQ中毒、保护脏器功能的作用.     

职业接触二硫化碳生物接触限值的探讨

目的 探讨我国职业接触二硫化碳(CS2)的生物接触限值.方法 用高效液相色谱法测定工人班末尿中2-硫代噻唑烷-4-羧酸(TTCA)含量,用气相色谱法测定接触CS2工人作业场所空气中CS2浓度,探讨二者的相关关系,比较生物接触限值和PC-TWA判定结果.结果 CS2作业工人班末尿中TTCA含量与其接触的工作场所空气中CS2浓度呈正相关,回归方程式Y=0.265X-0.165 (r=0.91,P＜0.01).基于本次研究的回归方程,根据GBZ 2.1-2007《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值第1部分:化学有害因素》规定的CS2的PC-TWA 5 mg/m3推算,CS2接触工人班末尿中TTCA浓度生物限值为1.2 mgTTCA/g Cr.结论 建议我国CS2生物接触限值修订为1.2 mg TTCA/g Cr.     

广西地区15413例产前诊断中异常核型的分析性研究

目的：分析产前诊断中异常核型与指征的关系及异常核型胎儿的调查随访,为遗传咨询提供可靠的依据。方法：对15413例具有产前诊断指征的妊娠妇女在知情同意的情况下,经B型超声引导行羊膜腔穿刺或脐带血穿刺,经培养处理后进行染色体核型分析。有220对胎儿核型异常的父母在知情同意的情况下进行外周血染色体核型分析,之后进行电话随访。结果：细胞培养成功率为99.6%（15349/15413）,其中羊水细胞培养成功率99.76%（11299/11326）,脐带血细胞培养成功率99.1%（4050/4087）。培养成功者染色体异常占11.20%（1719/15349）,其中正常多态性占8.70%（1335/15349）,染色体数目异常占1.72%（264/15349）,结构异常占0.79%（121/15349）。按产前诊断指征分布筛查高危的核型异常率,唐氏综合征为10.67%（879/8236）,高龄妊娠为9.76%（128/1312）,不良孕产史为12.27%（138/1125）,超声异常为11.41%（124/1087）,胎儿畸形引产为23.91%（132/552）。异常核型的胎儿中有108例来自母亲,69例来自父亲,43例为新发生。结论：高危妊娠妇女行产前诊断染色体分析有助于减少出生缺陷。     

2004年国际戒烟竞赛天津参加者戒烟效果评估

目的 了解2004年国际戒烟竞赛天津参加者的戒烟效果，探讨影响戒烟成功的相关因素，为有关部门制定相应的戒烟措施提供参考。方法在天津参加2004年国际戒烟竞赛的抽奖候选人中抽取调查对象，通过电话访问或面对面的形式对其进行调查，并进行Logistic回归分析。结果共随访调查300人，1a戒烟成功153人，占51．0％。Logistic同归分析显示，烟龄越长、吸烟量越大，其戒烟成功的可能性越小；另将职业．戒烟前态度进行哑变量分析显示，干部、其他职业者和想戒烟者戒烟成功率较高，差别有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。复吸者中，周围有人吸烟为复吸主要原因，占42．9％；在戒烟后1个月内开始复吸的62人，占52．1％，在1-6个月开始复吸的48人，占40．3％，在6个月后复吸的9人，占7．6％。周围公共场所禁止吸烟的221人，占73．7％，办公场所禁止吸烟的159人，占53．％，家中限制吸烟的134人，占44．7％。结论2004年国际戒烟竞赛天津参加者1a戒烟效果较好，建议针对影响戒烟成功的相关因素，采取相应的干预措施。     

Troponina I por Percentil 99 da Definição Universal de Infarto do Miocárdio versus Ponto de Corte de Melhor Acurácia em Síndromes Coronárias Agudas

Background Contemporary diagnosis of ACS and risk stratification are essential for appropriate management and reduction of mortality and recurrent ischemic events, in the acute phase of disease and after hospitalization. The Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction recommends the detection of troponin levels above the 99^th percentile.Objectives To evaluate the occurrence of early death and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients without elevation of troponin (<0.034 ng/mL), patients with mild elevation (above the 99^th percentile [>0.034 ng/mL and <0.12 ng/mL)], and patients with significant elevation of troponin (above the diagnostic cutoff for AMI defined by the troponin kit (≥0.12 ng/mL)]; and to analyze the impact of troponin on the indication for invasive strategy and myocardial revascularization.Methods Cross-sectional cohort study of patients with ACS with assessment of peak troponin I, risk score, prospective analysis of 30-day clinical outcomes and two-sided statistical tests, with statistical significance set at p<0.05.Results A total of 494 patients with ACS were evaluated. Troponin > 99^th percentile and below the cutoff point, as well as values above the cutoff, were associated with higher incidence of composite endpoint (p<0.01) and higher rates of percutaneous or surgical revascularization procedures (p<0.01), without significative difference in 30-day mortality.Conclusions Troponin levels above the 99^th percentile defined by the universal definition of AMI play a prognostic role and add useful information to the clinical diagnosis and risk scores by identifying those patients who would most benefit from invasive risk stratification and coronary revascularization procedures.