筛选驱除钩虫药物实验方法的研究

本文研究了巴西日本圆线虫在大、小白鼠(以下简称大鼠、小鼠)体内发育的规律,认为大鼠可作为筛选药物适宜的动物.试验方法为每组4只大鼠,每鼠定量接种该虫感染期幼虫400条.于感染后第11或12日给药,给药后48小时解剖,检视肠中残存虫数,并收集给药后2天内鼠粪成虫.用检获总虫数与粪便中掏出虫数加上肠中残存虫数来比较,计算出有效率或直接疗效.作者初步实验了10种已知有效驱钩药物和广谱驱虫药物,结果除土荆芥油和stilbazium iodide外,皆获得良好效果.5种已知非驱钩药物则皆无效.本方法所用粪便掏虫结合解剖检虫法,不需要设对照组,较国外的方法简便经济,而且准确可靠.     

The effectiveness of exercise therapy for ankylosing spondylitis: a review

Exercise therapy is an important component of current standard therapy for patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The purpose of this review is to provide important guidelines when prescribing exercises by reviewing articles evaluating the effectives and usefulness of exercise therapy in patients with ankylosing spondylosis.     

Association between symptoms and subtypes of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder and sleep problems/disorders

This study aimed to investigate the association between attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and subtypes, and sleep schedules, daytime inadvertent napping, and sleep problems/disorders in children and adolescents with and without ADHD. The sample included 325 patients with ADHD, aged 10–17 years [male: 81.5%; combined type (ADHD‐C): 174; predominantly inattentive type (ADHD‐I): 130; predominantly hyperactive‐impulsive type (ADHD‐HI): 21], and 257 children and adolescents without lifetime ADHD (non‐ADHD). We conducted psychiatric interviews with the participants and their mothers before making the diagnoses of ADHD, other psychiatric disorders, and sleep problems or disorders. We also collected the medication treatment data and parent and teacher reports of ADHD symptoms. Multi‐level models were used for data analyses controlling for sex, age, psychiatric comorbidities, and treatment with methylphenidate. The ADHD‐C and ADHD‐I groups had more daytime inadvertent napping. In general, the three subtypes were associated with increased rates of sleep problems/disorders. Specifically, ADHD‐C rather than ADHD‐I was associated with circadian rhythm problems, sleep‐talking, nightmares (also ADHD‐HI), and ADHD‐I was associated with hypersomnia. The most‐related sleep schedules and problems for inattention and hyperactivity‐impulsivity were earlier bedtime, later rise time, longer nocturnal sleep, more frequent daytime napping, insomnia, sleep terrors, sleep‐talking, snoring, and bruxism across informants. The findings imply that in addition to the dichotomous approach of ADHD and considering the psychiatric comorbid conditions, ADHD subtypes and symptom dimensions need to be considered in clinical practice and in the research regarding the association between ADHD and sleep problems/disorders.     

颅内室管膜下瘤的CT及MRI影像学表现分析

目的探讨颅内室管膜下瘤的CT及MRI影像学特征。资料与方法回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的室管膜下瘤患者的临床和影像学资料。结果室管膜下瘤属良性肿瘤,中年男性多见,具特征性表现:(1)幕上肿瘤多位于侧脑室内室间孔或透明隔附近,幕下则以第四脑室多见;(2)肿瘤多呈类圆形、椭圆形或轻度分叶,边界清楚,以实性成分为主,病灶内可伴小囊变及出血,幕上肿瘤钙化较少见,幕下者部分可见钙化;(3)CT平扫示肿瘤实性部分呈等或低密度,MR平扫T1WI呈低、稍低或等信号,T2WI以高信号为主;瘤内小囊变区呈更低密度及长T1、长T2信号;(4)CT、MR增强扫描,病灶无明显强化或轻度强化。结论充分认识颅内室管膜下瘤的CT及MRI影像学特征对肿瘤的术前诊断和术后评价具有重要意义。