鞘内注射吗啡加可乐定对切口痛大鼠脊髓背角蛋白激酶A催化亚单位表达的影响

Objective To observe the effect of intrathecal clonidine plus morphine on expression of protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of incisional pain. Methods Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups: sham group, control group, pre-incisional morphine 2.5 μg group, pro-incisional clonidine 5 μg group and preincisional morphine 2.5 μg plus clonidine 5 lag group (n=16). lntrathecal catheter and the model of incisional pain were pro-duced according to Yaksh and Brennan's described method respectively. Changes of pain behavior were assessed by mechanical with-drawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL). The expressions of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were assessed by immunohistochemical method and western blotting analysis. Results Compared with sham group, MWT and TWL in control group were decreased significantly at 2 h after incision (P<0.01) and the number of positive cells and protein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were increased significantly in control group (P<0.01). Compared with control group, MWT and TWL in pre-incision morphine 2 μg plus clonidine 5 lag group were increased significantly at 2 h after incision (P<0.01) and the number of positive cells and protein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were decreased significantly in pre-incision morphine 2 μg plus clonidine 5 μg group (P<0.01). However, MWT, TWL and the number of positive cells and pro-tein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn changed with no statistical significance in pre-incisional morphine 2.5 μg group and pre-incisional clonidine 5 μg group compared with control group. Conclusion lntrathecal clonidine significantly enhances the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal morphine in a rat model of incisional pain, which might be associated with inhibi-tion of the increased expression of PKA catalytic subunit in spinal cord.     

MR显微成像检测活体阿尔茨海默病转基因小鼠老年斑沉积的效果

目的利用MR显微成像技术研究阿尔茨海默病转基因小鼠老年斑的沉积情况。方法2只17个月龄阿尔茨海默病转基因[V717I]小鼠和2只野生型小鼠，行活体T2WI，然后对照影像定位结果进行组织学切片及免疫组织化学染色。观察T2WI中老年斑的沉积情况以及其与免疫组织化学染色结果的对应关系。结果转基因小鼠T2WI上显示大脑皮层和海马区可见点状低信号，且部分低信号可以和组织学切片所显示的老年斑相对应；野生型小鼠T2WI未见明显的低信号，免疫组织化学染色也未见到染色阳性的斑块。结论MR显微成像技术检测老年斑的沉积是可行的，且可用来特异性地诊断阿尔茨海默病。     

Anti-inflammatory effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: potential benefits for the prevention of atrial fibrillation: reply

We thank Drs Liu and Li for their interest in our randomizedtrial investigating the anti-arrhythmic effect of perindopriland losartan in the setting of lone paroxysmal atrial fibrillation(AF). While agreeing on modification of atrial remodelling asthe     

CT在外伤性胃肠道穿孔急诊中的价值

目的:探讨急诊外伤性胃肠穿孔的CT征象及诊断价值。方法:收集18例经手术证实的外伤性胃肠道穿孔的临床资料及CT征象,分析与总结胃肠道破裂穿孔CT扫描的各种有价值的表现。结果:18例外伤急诊患者中,胃、十二指肠、空回肠与结肠穿孔各1,2,12,3例,其中空回肠为多处破裂,CT主要征象为腹腔散在积液征、游离气腹征、肠系膜与肠壁增厚模糊征、造影剂外溢征。结论:CT扫描在外伤性胃肠道穿孔急诊患者的检查中有定性诊断价值,综合分析各种征象,会明显提高CT的诊断正确率。     

TGF-β1、Smad 3和P-Smad 2/3在病理性瘢痕中的表达

目的检测瘢痕疙瘩、增生性瘢痕和正常皮肤组织中转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、Smad3和P-Smad2/3的表达情况,探讨上述细胞因子对瘢痕产生的重要性及影响。方法采用免疫组织化学的方法检测上述3种细胞因子在3种不同组织共36例标本中的表达,ImagePro-Plus6.0软件进行阳性面积测量和细胞计数。结果TGF-β1在瘢痕疙瘩和增生性瘢痕中均为增强高表达,而在正常皮肤中几乎不表达;Smad3在三组标本间表达水平无显著性差异;P-Smad2/3在瘢痕疙瘩中表达最强,增生性瘢痕次之,正常皮肤组织中最低。结论TGF-β1表达增强是病理性瘢痕产生的重要原因,P-Smad2/3的表达水平则可认为与瘢痕增生程度密切相关。     

牙周临床治疗Ⅴ.牙周医学

对宿主易感性的认识使人们能够理解不同个体牙周炎发生、发展的差异，而另一方面，牙周疾病对许多器官系统的潜在影响日益受到关注，牙周医学的兴起开创了崭新的重要研究领域，并有着深远的临床意义。     

Effects of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus on the risk of total cardiovascular events in Japanese patients with hypercholesterolemia: implications from the Japan Lipid Intervention Trial (J-LIT).

Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus (DM) are well-established risk factors for cardiovascular disease. We analyzed the cardiovascular events in hyperlipidemic patients with or without DM who were administered open-labeled simvastatin in groups stratified by blood pressure level using data from the Japan Lipid Intervention Trial (J-LIT). Hyperlipidemic patients with DM (n=6,288) had significantly more cardiovascular events than those without DM (n=33,933). The incidence rates of total cardiovascular events in the Non-DM and DM groups were 15.40 and 25.76 per 1,000 patients for the 6-year period, respectively. The relative risk of total cardiovascular events in the DM vs. the Non-DM group was 1.68, and the relative risk was significantly higher in the DM than in the Non-DM group. The relative risks of total cardiovascular events were significantly higher in DM and Non-DM patients whose systolic blood pressure (SBP) was greater than or equal to 130 mmHg compared to that of Non-DM patients whose SBP was less than 130 mmHg, and in DM and Non-DM patients whose diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was greater than or equal to 80 mmHg compared to that of Non-DM patients whose DBP was less than 80 mmHg. In all groups stratified by SBP and DBP, relative risks of total cardiovascular events were higher in DM patients than in Non-DM patients. For patients with hypercholesterolemia and DM, blood pressure should be strictly controlled in order to prevent both coronary events and stroke. These results are in good agreement with the JNC 7 and the ESH/ESC guidelines for DM patients, which recommended that the SBP and DBP be less than 130 and 80 mmHg, respectively.     

高频超声诊断新生儿卵巢增大、并腹股沟疝的临床意义

新生儿期卵巢增大,可形成卵巢囊肿、影响卵巢进入正常位置而形成腹股沟疝,导致小儿性早熟,影响小儿身高及心理发育等。自2006年1月-6月我们连续发现5例新生儿卵巢增大,予以报道。1材料与方法临床资料见表1,应用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪:Philps HD、HDI 5000,高频探头7-10mmHz。行常规下腹部及腹股沟、会阴区扫查。2结果超声检查所见及诊断结果见表1。表1 5例临床资料与超声检查结果比较异及丘脑-垂体-卵巢器质性病变产生过多激素,刺激胎儿卵巢内卵泡增生过大、内液潴溜,是导致卵巢增大的原因[3]。5例新生儿8枚卵巢增大的原因分析,说明胎儿期…     

Extracellular matrix remodeling in oral submucous fibrosis: its stage-specific modes revealed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization

BACKGROUND: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chewing habit-related pre-cancerous condition of the oral mucosa affecting predominantly south Asians. It is histopathologically characterized by epithelial atrophy and fibrosis of the subepithelial connective tissue. Fibrosis extends all the way into the muscle layer, leading to difficulty in mouth opening. However, the dynamics of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling with OSF progression is largely unknown. METHODS: Forty biopsy specimens of OSF and 10 of normal buccal mucosa were examined for expression/deposition modes of eight ECM molecules by histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: In the early stage of OSF, tenascin, perlecan, fibronectin, collagen type III were characteristically enhanced in the lamina propria and the submucosal layer. In the intermediate stage, the ECM molecules mentioned above and elastin were extensively and irregularly deposited around muscle fibers. In the advanced stage, such ECM depositions decreased and were entirely replaced with collagen type I only. Their gene expression levels varied with progression of fibrosis, but the mRNA signals were confirmed in fibroblasts in the submucosal fibrotic areas. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the ECM remodeling steps in OSF are similar to each phase of usual granulation tissue formation. Restricted mouth opening may be a result of loss of variety of ECM molecules including elastin into the homogeneity of collagen type I replacing muscle fibers.