上肢屈曲性旋转撕脱离断伤的形成及功能挽救

目的探讨上肢轴向屈曲性旋转撕脱离断伤的形成以及侧胸和背部组织在功能挽救中的应用方式和疗效。方法2000年7月～2003年9月共收治6例上肢轴向屈曲性旋转撕脱离断伤患者,所有病例行一期再植或寄养再植。术后肩关节外展90°、肘关节屈曲100°位石膏或支具固定,6周后去除固定行功能锻炼。结果6例患者再植均顺利成活,随访3个月～2年,术后肩关节外展50°～90°,前屈50°～70°,后伸20°～30°,内收20°～40°;肘关节屈曲100°～140°,伸-20°～0°;重建术后3个月时屈肘肌力达Ⅳ～Ⅴ级。结论充分利用侧胸和背部组织特点进行分期、分层手术,解决创面覆盖和功能重建互相干扰的矛盾,是挽救严重轴向屈曲性旋转撕脱离断伤上肢,恢复其外形和功能的可靠方法。     

自制多孔平行双支架管在尿道下裂手术中的应用

目的 探讨提高各型尿道下裂修复手术成功率的方法.方法 220例尿道下裂患者,均采用一期尿道成形术.阴茎伸直后,用带蒂包皮内板尿道成形术(Duckett术)195例;阴囊中隔+带蒂包皮内板联合成形术20例;膀胱黏膜游离移植尿道成形术5例.用自制带有多个侧孔的平行双硅胶管作为尿道下裂修复手术中新形成的尿道支架管.结果 术后随访1～8年,208例一期手术成功,排尿通畅;2例术后出现尿瘘;6例手术1个月后出现尿道吻合口狭窄,4例术后1个月尿道外口狭窄.结论 本组一期手术成功率达94.5%,自制带有多侧孔的平行双硅胶管作为尿道支架管,具有通畅引流、利于冲洗等优点,可减少感染、尿瘘、狭窄的发生率.     

Targeted Thrombolytic Liposomes

Becauseofvariousthrombolyticagentsnowavailableassociatedwithlowthrombolyticspecificity ,largedoserequiredforclinicaltreatment,andperplexingsideeffectofhemorrhage ,westudiedthethrombus targetedliposomeswhichhavespecificaffinitytoactivatedplatelets .WithtetrapeptideRGDSasthehomingdevice ,theobtainedliposomescanspecifi callyrecognizethereceptorGPIIb IIIaoftheactivatedplateletsinthrombus ,bywhichthrombustargetabilityisachieved .Thefollowingpartsareincludedinthestudy .Eggphosphatidylcholine (E…     

川芎嗪对P2X3受体介导的大鼠伤害性兴奋传入的作用

通过动物痛行为反应(缩足反射)确定局部和鞘内应用川芎嗪(TMP)对ATP等P2X受体激动剂所致大鼠足底急性伤害性行为反应的影响。P2X3受体拮抗剂TNP-ATP(0．3μmol／L)明显抑制P2X受体激动剂ATP(1μmol／L)或α，β-meATP(0．6μmol／L)引起的大鼠足底急性伤害性反应。大鼠足底局部应用TMP(0．1-10mmol／L)剂量依赖性地对ATP(1μmol／L)或α，β-meATP(0．6μmol／L)引起的伤害性反应具有抑制作用。鞘内应用TMP(50mmol／L)对ATP(1μmol／L)或α，β-meATP(0．6μmol／L)引起的伤害性反应具有抑制作用。结果表明，TMP可通过阻断P2X3受体介导的伤害性兴奋传入抑制P2X受体激动剂引起的大鼠足底急性伤害性反应。     

踝关节骨折手术治疗的综合分析

目的:探讨手术治疗踝关节骨折的方法,对手术疗效进行回顾性分析并总结临床经验。方法:随访资料完整的187例踝关节骨折患者作为研究对象,男106例,女81例;年龄13～63岁。按照Lauge-Hansen分型,旋后外旋型131例,旋前外旋型33例,旋后内收型16例,旋前外展型7例。所有病例均行开放复位内固定。结果:随访时间为6～36个月,平均20个月,骨折愈合时间8～14周。疗效按Leeds临床评定标准进行评定:优159例,良22例,差6例。下胫腓关节固定58例,发生螺钉断裂5例,术后脱位再次手术1例。内、外踝切口表浅感染或坏死14例,无畸形愈合发生。结论:内固定治疗的关键是恢复踝关节解剖关系,腓骨及下胫腓韧带对踝关节的稳定起重要作用,重视皮肤软组织的处理是提高疗效的重要因素。     

健康体检人群糖尿病相关知识的调查

目的了解健康体检人群对糖尿病相关知识的掌握情况及需求。方法采用问卷调查法对389名健康受检者就其对糖尿病相关知识掌握情况及需求进行调查。结果54．8％受检者不知道糖尿病患病率随年龄增长而增高，71．5％了解糖尿病慢性并发症的累及器官，而对糖尿病可引起足部、神经病变的知晓率不足50．0％。81．2％对合理饮食、控制肥胖能预防糖尿病持肯定态度，而52．2％不认为控制烟酒能够预防糖尿病的发生、发展。受检者对糖尿病预防措施、并发症及治疗知识的需求占前3位。结论体检人群对糖尿病知识掌握情况存在不足，对糖尿病的预防认知不够。医护人员应加强糖尿病各方面知识的推广和普及，提高体检人群的防护意识，从而降低糖尿病的发病率。     

多层螺旋CT对冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的显示结果及与超声结果的比较

目的评价多层螺旋CT（MSCT）探查无明显管腔狭窄的冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块的能力及准确性。方法共35例连续患者行冠状动脉内超声（IVUS）及16层MSCT检查，其中30例MSCT成像成功。对94支无明显狭窄的冠状动脉节段MSCT及IVUS图像行对照研究，逐一分析每支冠状动脉节段是否出现粥样硬化斑块。IVUS根据斑块回声特点将斑块分为钙化斑块、纤维斑块和软斑块，MSCT则测量斑块密度，以CT值表示。结果对照IVUS结果，MSCT对出现任何粥样硬化斑块节段的诊断敏感性为82．1％（46／56），特异性为89．5％（34／38）。对于含钙化斑块的节段，MSCT诊断敏感性为92．1％（35／38），特异性为96．4％（54／56）。对于含非钙化斑块的节段，MSCT诊断敏感性为73．2％（30／41），特异性为88．7％（47／53）。对于仅含非钙化斑块的节段，MSCT诊断敏感性为66．7％（12／18）。MSCT分析54个斑块平均CT值，按照IVUS分类，钙化斑块19个，纤维斑块19个，软斑块16个，对应CT值分别为：钙化斑块（489±169）HU（196～817HU），纤维斑块（69±21）HU（25～117HU）以及软斑块（23±18）HU（-12～47HU）。非参数Kruskal-Wallis检验显示3组斑块MSCT测量密度CT值间差异有统计学意义（P值均〈0．01）；两种方法对斑块面积的测量具有相关性（r=0．58，P〈0．01），MSCT测定斑块平均面积为5．3mm^2，IVUS为5．6mm^2。结论MSCT对无明显管腔狭窄的冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块有良好的探查能力。根据斑块密度（CT值）差异，MSCT能区分不同类型冠状动脉粥样斑块。对斑块面积测量，MSCT与IVUS结果具有相关性。     

Long-term application of diethylstilbestrol upregulates expressions of μ- and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe of female Wistar rats

BACKGROUND: During formation of prolactin neoplasia, how cells and its structure in adenohypophysis affect prolactin cells should be further studied. Intermediate lobe can be regarded as a driving region to release prolactin (PRL) and may promote formation of prolactin neoplasia in pituitary anterior lobe. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on the expressions of μ and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe of female Wistar rats. DESIGN: Observational contrast animal study. SETTING: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute. MATERIALS: A total of 21 female Wistar rats, 3 weeks old weighing 70–80 g were housed with free access to tap water and standard pellet food. They were kept in a CL-grade condition, at (24±1)℃ and a humidity of (55±5)%, and with a 12 hours day-night cycle. Caprine anti-μ- and m-calpains antibodies were provided by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA; rabbit-anti-PRL antibodies by Dako, Denmark; rabbit-anti-ACTH antibody by Boster Company, Wuhan. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in Pathophysiological Department and Animal Laboratory, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute from August 2006 to January 2007. ① Rats were randomly divided into groups with 7 in each group, including vehicle control group, in which rats were injected intraperitoneally with sun-flower seed oil (1 mL/kg, twice a week) for 16 weeks; DES group, where animals were administered with DES (5 mg/kg, twice a week) for 16 weeks; DES + vehicle control group, in which DES was administered for 12 weeks at the same dose with those in DES group, and then was discontinued and replaced by sun-flower seed oil (1 mL/kg, twice a week) for the following 4 weeks. ② At 16 weeks later, pituitary tissue was dealt with HE staining and PRL immunohistochemical examination to observe evoke of tumor; meanwhile, immunohistochemical examination was used to observe expression of PRL of pituitary anterior lobe, expressions of μ- and m-calpains of pituitary intermediate lobe and distribution of adrenocorticotropin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Expression of PRL of pituitary anterior lobe, expressions of μ- and m-calpains of pituitary intermediate lobe and distribution of adrenocorticotropin. ② Morphological observation of pituitary tissue. RESULTS: All 21 rats were involved in the final analysis. ① Results of immunohistochemical examination: Morphological changes of neoplasia in DES group were strongly positive to PRL, and this suggested that formation of prolactin adenoma was observed in pituitary tissue. As compared with vehicle control group, expression of adrenoeorticotropic hormone (ACTH) was increased in both DES group and DES + vehicle control group. In addition, expressions of μ- and m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe were higher in DES group than that in vehicle control group. Otherwise, expressions of m-calpains in pituitary intermediate lobe was decreased in DES + vehicle control group, but expression of μ-calpains was still increased. ② Morphological observation of pituitary tissue: Gland tubes were orderly arranged in rats in vehicle control group. Anterior pituitary gland in rats of DES group demonstrated an apparent disappearance of gland tubes and a relatively large-scaled vasculature formation, namely the vascular lake lined by tightly arranged endothelial cells. Local integrated tumor cell arrangements were also detected. In addition, the border between the IL and the anterior lobe was locally blurred. The definite tumor-like changes in pituitary tissues were confirmed in 6 of 7 female Wistar rats in DES group, and one spontaneous occurrence of tumor formation was found in vehicle control group. In DES + vehicle control group, DES withdrawal led to the subtile emergence of gland tube cavity, although tumor-like cells still existed in 4 of 7 rats, suggesting occurrence of the tumor regression due to the withdrawal of DES. CONCLUSION: A long-term application of DES can enhance the expressions of ubiquitours neutral cysteine protease in pituitary intermediate lobe and this suggests that both of them play a key role in release of hormone and formation of prolactin neoplasia through directly promoting PRL expression and release of neighboring pituitary intermediate lobe.     

急性胰腺炎的超声诊断

目的：探讨急性胰腺炎的超声诊断及其应用价值。方法：60例经CT或由临床症状结合腹部穿刺得以确诊的急性胰腺炎，就超声表现和各类型的表现进行分析。结果：60例急性胰腺炎患者中，超声诊断52例，准确率为86．7％，其中，急性水肿型胰腺炎28例，胰腺大，内部回声减低或是增强，均匀或不均匀；急性出血坏死型胰腺炎24例，胰腺弥漫性或局限性肿大，轮廓较为模糊，回声不均匀，低或强回声相间，回声较粗，多见边沿粗糙；60例中误诊的8例仅见气体全反射回声，未探及胰腺声像。结论：超声对急性胰腺炎的诊断准确率高，并能做出分型诊断，临床应用方便快捷。