The dental caries status and dental treatment patterns of 12-year-old children in Hong Kong

A randomly selected sample of 662 12-year-old Hong Kong children, 529 of whom were Southern Chinese and 133 non-Chinese, was clinically examined for dental caries. The DMFT values were 2.76 and 1.66 for the Chinese and non-Chinese children, respectively. The D component for the Chinese children was 2.12, while for the non-Chinese children it was only 0.45. Approximately 24.0% of the Chinese children had attended the dentist because they were in pain. Only 3.8% of the Chinese children had sought orthodontic or preventive treatment, compared with 24.0% of the non-Chinese children. Although these findings indicate the caries experience to be well below the FDI/WHO global goal for the year 2000, there is a great need to increase the level of dental awareness among Chinese children.     

哮喘的长期控制治疗

哮喘是一种慢性炎症性疾患,需要长期治疗。到目前为止发表的共5版GINA方案中,哮喘的药物治疗所占篇幅最大,是哮喘治疗的首选、主要疗法。1哮喘治疗目标哮喘的治疗目标是达到并维持哮喘临床控制,即无(或≤2次/周)白天症状;无日常活动受限,包括运动受限;无夜间症状和因哮喘憋醒;无需(或≤2次/周)使用缓解药物;肺功能正常或接近正常;无哮喘急性加重。该治疗目标在大多数哮喘患者中可以实现,这已被GOAL研究所证实。2哮喘急性发作的治疗为适合基层需要,将急性发作简略划分如下。2.1轻度发作可以平卧,说话能成句,有条件的可测PEF、FEV1均>80…     

γ线照后大鼠胃组织乙酰胆碱含量胆碱酯酶活性及平滑肌对乙酰胆碱反应性的变化

本文以大鼠为实验对象,观察了γ线8Gy照后胃组织内乙酰胆碱含量、胆碱酯酶活性及平滑肌对乙酰胆碱反应性的变化。结果表明,照后1/24～l天胃组织内乙酰胆碱含量明显下降,3天趋向正常,5天基本恢复至照前水平。胃组织的胆碱酯酶活性在照后l/24～5天基本无改变。在同一剂量照后1h,胃窦平滑肌对乙酰胆碱的反应与照前近似,l天后开始减弱,3天后明显下降,与正常相比有非常显著差异。     

不同雾化吸入方式对婴幼儿支气管肺炎治疗效果的影响

分析病区库房物资管理中存在的问题，主要有管理意识缺乏，物资领取与临床需求脱节，医疗物资分配和使用不合理，物资的保管、维护不当。应对措施：加强医疗成本管理意识；物资领取时注意计划性和灵活性相结合；库房物资使用时注意原则性和节约性相结合；库房物资规范存放，做好各类固定资产的维护、保养管理；健全病区库房管理规章制度；树立科学发展观。     

国产奎硫平合并舒必利治疗难治性精神分裂症

目的:了解舒必利合并国产奎硫平(启维)治疗难治性精神分裂症的疗效和安全性。方法:26例符合CCMD-Ⅲ精神分裂症诊断标准且临床判断属于难治性病人,予舒必利合并奎硫平治疗,疗程8周,分别在治疗前及治疗后进行阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)和不良反应状量表(TESS)评定。结果:合并治疗8周后总有效率65.3%。PANSS阳性、阴性及一般精神病理评分于治疗前后均有显著差异(P<0.01)。TESS总分治疗前后无显著差异(P>0.05)。副反应主要为肌张力增高、失眠、体重增加、静坐不能。结论:对于舒必利治疗反应不佳的难治性精神分裂症病人合并奎硫平治疗仍可取得较好的临床效果,安全性较高,耐受性及依从性好,可作为临床治疗难治性病人的方法之一。     

超长方案促性腺激素释放激素激动剂降调节对子宫内膜异位症体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响

本中心对129例经腹腔镜证实为美国生殖医学会(ASRM)II-IV期子宫内膜异位症(内异症)合并其他不育因素而行体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)治疗的病例,进行了回顾性统计和分析。一、资料和方法1.临床资料:从2005年4月至2007年3月,在本中心接受IVF-ET治疗经腹腔镜证实为ASRMII-IV期内异症合并其他不育因素的129个周期病例;对照组为输卵管性不育的1,543个周期。内异症组根据有无促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRH-a)药物降调节分为A、B两组进行分析,A组:中重度内异症在手术后接受长效GnRH-a(3.75 mg/支,每28 d一支,共2~6支)抑制治疗的39个…     

游离腓骨皮瓣结合交锁髓内钉治疗前臂复合组织缺损

目的 探讨应用游离腓骨皮瓣结合交锁髓内钉治疗前臂复合组织缺损的可行性与疗效.方法 对5例前臂骨(尺骨和/或桡骨)和软组织缺损的患者,应用同侧/对侧游离腓骨皮瓣移植,同时应用Smith-Nephew交锁髓内钉对游离腓骨进行固定.供区植皮.结果 5例皮瓣全部存活.根据Anderson评分标准评定:优1例,良3例,可1例.骨折愈合时间为12～17周,平均14.6周,术后无骨不连与感染发生.结论 游离腓骨皮瓣结合交锁髓内钉是治疗前臂复合组织缺损的可行方法.     

婴幼儿癫痫的外科治疗

目的探讨婴幼儿癫痫外科的手术意义。方法从2002-2005年有12例婴幼儿因海绵状血管瘤(4例)、发育不良神经上皮肿瘤(DNTs)(2例)、Sturge.weber综合征(1例)、半侧巨脑病(2例)、外伤后脑膜脑疤痕(1例)、脑脓肿疤痕组织(1例)、脉络丛乳头瘤(1例);由分别位于额(2例)、颞(4例)、顶(2例)、枕(2例)与额顶及颞顶(各1例)病变所致均为灾难性癫痫。当年龄在9—32(平均21.5)个月龄时做了病变及致痫灶切除/功能性大脑半球切除。癫痫开始于出生后5～20 (平均11.8)个月,每天或每周发作多次,抗痫药物治疗无效。患儿做手术评估是6—22(平均12.8)个月。3例患儿有偏瘫,7例显示有缓慢发展的认知功能减低表现。MRI、PET及V-EEG都证实了病灶及致痛灶。结果手术后无死亡及新的神经症状缺失。8例解除了癫痫(EngelⅠ级);2例罕有发作(EngelⅡ级);2例有值得的(worthwhile)改善(EngelⅢ级),7例认知功能也有改善,3例偏瘫者2例有改善。结论灾难性癫痫婴幼儿仔细选择手术病例,外科可以减轻、解除癫痫的疾苦。     

Deliberate hypotension in orthopedic surgery reduces blood loss and transfusion requirements: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

PURPOSE: To determine if deliberate hypotension decreases blood loss and transfusion requirements in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, a systematic review of all randomized trials addressing this issue was undertaken. METHODS: Electronic databases, citations lists and review articles were searched for potential articles. Relevant articles met the following inclusion criteria: English language, humans undergoing orthopedic surgery, deliberate hypotension used by any method, intraoperative blood loss measured as an outcome, and the trial methodology being randomized and controlled. Four outcomes were analyzed, including estimated blood loss, blood transfused, surgery duration, and quality of the surgical field. For all analyses, the random-effects model was used. RESULTS: Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria. The surgeries studied included total hip arthroplasty (seven), orthognathic surgery (eight), total knee arthroplasty (one) and spinal fusion (one). A total of 636 patients were randomized across all studies. For blood loss, the overall weighted mean difference favoured treatment, with a savings of about 287 mL of blood [95% confidence interval (CI): -447, -127]. The mean differences also showed a statistically significant benefit for deliberate hypotension in reducing transfusion requirements (-667 mL of blood transfused; 95% CI: -963, -370). Deliberate hypotension was not shown to reduce the duration of surgery (-1.9 min of surgery; 95% CI: -7.2, 3.5) or improve surgical conditions (surgical field quality rating -0.5; 95% CI: -1.1, 0.2). CONCLUSION: This review provides some support for the use of deliberate hypotension in reducing blood loss and transfusion requirements in orthopedic surgery, but these results are tempered by the small sample sizes and poor methodological quality of published studies.     

(足母)甲瓣切取术后供区创面覆盖的方法选择

目的探讨[足母]甲瓣切取术后供区修复的方法，减少供区并发症的发生。方法对[足母]甲瓣切取术后25例[足母]趾创面，采用三种不同的方法处理，其中采用游离皮瓣移植修复9例，采用足背或足底局部带蒂皮瓣修复12例，采用第二足趾皮甲瓣修复4例。结果移植皮瓣全部成活，术后平均随访10个月，其中2例游离皮瓣在术后6个月进行二期削薄，外观和功能满意。第二趾皮甲瓣修复后的功能在3种方法中效果最好。结论根据[足母]甲瓣供区的缺损情况，采用不同的手术方法进行即时修复，能最大限度减少供区并发症的发生。