畸形肾结石的冲击波碎石术

畸形肾结石是当今泌尿外科的难题之一，在治疗上一直存在争议。自体外冲击波碎石术（SWL）问世以来，随着治疗例数和经验的不断积累，目前已经逐渐达成共识：畸形肾结石的冲击波碎石是一种行之有效的治疗方法，但也有较大的局限性。本在温习新近献的基础上，结合畸形肾结石的形态特点和诊断要点，概要介绍相关冲击波碎石的一些准则、观点和技术。     

影响同种异体肾移植受者勃起功能障碍的因素与治疗选择

性生活质量是肾移植受者生活质量的重要内容之一,随着肾移植受者存活率的提高,男性受者性生活质量,尤其是勃起功能已经受到医学界和移植肾受者的广泛关注。现有的资料表明男性肾移植受者勃起功能障碍(ED)的患病率为35.8%~78.3%;影响男性受者ED的因素有年龄、透析时间、手术方式、血红蛋白含量、精神心理因素、免疫抑制药物、糖尿病等。在对男性肾移植受者ED的治疗中万艾可是有效、安全的,在口服药物治疗失败后也可选择阴茎海绵体血管活性药物注射或阴茎假体植入术,但是三件套假体应该避免使用。     

人毛乳头细胞条件培养液治疗斑秃的临床观察

目的：人毛乳头细胞条件培养液治疗斑秃患者的临床观察。方法：用人毛乳头细胞条件培养液治疗100例斑秃患者，并分别选择其中53例和30例作去炎松组和空白组自身对照。结果：人毛乳头细胞条件培养液组、去炎松组和空白组治愈率分别为75％、51％、10％，有效率分别为97％、72％、30％，人毛乳头细胞条件培养液组其治愈率和有效率均明显高于去炎松组和空白组（P〈0．05）。结论：人毛乳头细胞条件培养液对斑秃患者有明显的治疗作用。     

Trehalose protects against ocular surface disorders in experimental murine dry eye through suppression of apoptosis

The disaccharide trehalose is a key element involved in anhydrobiosis (the capability of surviving almost complete dehydration) in many organisms. Its presence also confers resistance to desiccation and high osmolarity in bacterial and human cells by protecting proteins and membranes from denaturation. The present study used a novel murine dry eye model induced by controlled low-humidity air velocity to determine whether topically applied trehalose could heal ocular surface epithelial disorders caused by ocular surface desiccation. In addition, the efficacy of 87.6 mM trehalose eyedrops was compared with that of 20% serum, the efficacy of which has been well documented. Mice ocular surface epithelial disorders were induced by exposure of murine eyes to continuous controlled low-humidity air velocity in an intelligently controlled environmental system (ICES) for 21 days, which accelerated the tear evaporation. The mice were then randomized into three groups: the control group received PBS (0.01M) treatment; a second group received 87.6 mM trehalose eyedrops treatment; and the third group received mice serum eyedrops treatment. Each treatment was administered as a 10 μl dose every 6 h for 14 days. The resultant changes in corneal barrier function and histopathologic examination of cornea and conjunctiva were analyzed and the level of apoptosis on the ocular surface was assessed using active caspase-3. After 14 days of treatment, the corneal fluorescein staining area, the ruffling and desquamating cells on the apical corneal epithelium, as well as the apoptotic cells on ocular surface epithelium had significantly reduced in eyes treated with trehalose compared with those treated with serum and PBS. In contrast, after 14 days of treatment, improvements in the thickness of the corneal epithelium, the squamous metaplasia in conjunctival epithelium and the number of goblet cells of the conjunctiva were less marked in eyes treated with trehalose compared with serum. These results demonstrated that trehalose could improve the appearance of ocular surface epithelial disorders due to desiccation through suppression of apoptosis. Trehalose produces some of the same responses as serum upon topical application and can maintain corneal health.     

远隔性小脑出血

远隔性小脑出血极为罕见，可见于多种类型的神经外科手术，一般出现在手术远隔部位，多分布于单侧或双侧小脑沟、蚓部，小脑上部出血也较为多见。远隔性小脑出血总体预后良好，病死率约为10％～15％。     

自锁式防旋自动滑动加压钉板的研制与生物力学研究

目的研制自锁式防旋自动滑动加压钉板（self—locking type pro-rotary auto-sliding＆compression nail plate，LPSC—NP）用于股骨颈骨折内固定，对其进行生物力学性能测试，为临床应用提供依据。方法采集18具新鲜成年股骨近端标本，制成股骨颈骨折，分别用LPSC—NP、3枚空心钉、双头中空加压螺纹钉、动力髋螺钉内固定，并进行生物力学测试，用SPSS统计软件对实验数据进行分析。结果LPSC—NP的承载能力和抗扭转强度、刚度均明显大于后三者。结论LPSC—NP固定股骨颈骨折牢固可靠，符合生物力学要求。该器械结构合理，简单适用，有一定的临床价值。     

S-F内固定器治疗胸腰椎爆裂型骨折

目的　探讨使用S -F脊柱内固定器治疗胸腰椎爆裂型骨折的效果。方法　回顾分析从 2 0 0 0年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 4月使用S-F脊柱内固定器治疗的胸腰椎爆裂型骨折 4 4例 ,比较手术前后的椎体前后缘高度 ,椎管狭窄程度 ,Cobb角及症状恢复情况。结果　经平均 2年左右的随访 ,术后椎体前缘平均高度达正常的 93 8%± 6 2 7% ,较术前增加了 4 2 5 3%。椎体后缘平均高度达到正常的 97 5 9%± 0 0 3% ,较术前增加了 1 6 5 2 %。脊柱后凸Cobb为 4 98°± 3 32°。较术前矫正了 1 4 6 8°。CT片显示椎体后突骨块占椎管前后径的比例为 9 5 9%± 7 2 1 % ,较术前减少 2 7 71 %。统计学分析差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。有神经功能损伤者 ,术后平均改进一级以上。在术后二周与术后一年以上的X线片相比较其椎体前缘的高度平均仅丢失 1 0 % ,椎体后缘的高度平均丢失 0 8% ,Cobb角平均丢失 0 1°。结论　使用S -F脊柱内固定器治疗胸腰椎爆裂型骨折具有操作简单、复位完美、固定牢靠、疗效优良的优点。术中注意不宜过度撑开及双侧不对称 ,对椎板减压者宜作“H”型椎板后路植骨 ,横突间、关节突间植骨融合将提高疗效、减少并发症     

Simultaneous orthotopic liver and heterotopic pancreas-duodenum transplantation in a diabetic patient with end-stage liver disease]

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of combined transplantation of the liver and the pancreas in diabetic patients with end-stage liver disease, and explore the optimal surgical procedure. METHODS: Simultaneous orthotopic liver and heterotopic pancreas-duodenum transplantations were performed in a patient diagnosed as having chronic hepatitis B, hepatocirrhosis, hepatic cellular cancer, and insulin-dependent diabetes. Immunosuppression therapy utilized prednisone, tacrolimus (FK506), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and simulect. The function of the liver graft, serum amylase and lipase, blood glucose, and C-peptide were monitored after transplantation. RESULTS: Insulin was withdrawn at the 6th day after operation, good liver allograft functional recovery was achieved, without such complications as pancreatitis, thrombosis, and localized infections. CONCLUSION: End-stage liver disease with concomitant insulin-dependent diabetes is the indication for combined liver-pancreas transplantations, for which simultaneous orthotopic liver and heterotopic pancreas-duodenum transplantations may constitute the optimal surgical approaches as the primary choice.     

结直肠癌肝转移的外科手术治疗

目的评价手术治疗对结直肠癌肝转移病人生存率的影响。方法回顾分析2000年1月1日至2004年12月31日复旦大学附属中山医院收治的363例结直肠癌肝转移病人，其中91例为手术病例，评价手术治疗对生存率的影响。结果160例同时性肝转移病人中手术切除肝转移灶22例（13．8％），203例延时性肝转移病人中手术切除肝转移灶69例（34．0％），两者相比差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．000）。同时性肝转移组手术死亡率（4．5％，1／22）高于延时性肝转移组（2．8％，2／69），两者相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。以2005年6月31日为随访终点，91例病人随访率100％，手术病人中同时性肝转移组1、3、5年生存率和中位生存时间与延时性肝转移组相似（P〉0．05），但术后复发率较高（36．4％vs21．7％，P=0．03）。363例病人中有36例具有手术指征而未手术病例，其1、3、5年生存率分别为47．9％、5．34％和0，明显低于91例手术病例（80．5％、33．0％和22．7％），（P=0．0034）。应用COX比例风险模型，对所有91例手术病人影响生存的因素进行多因素风险分析，得出手术切缘达1cm（β=-0．8351，P=0．0363）和复发后再次手术（β=-0．9428，P=0．0411）是生存的保护性因素，而术后复发（β=0．6471，P=0．0226）是生存的危险因素。结论手术治疗是结直肠癌肝转移的首选治疗措施，可以明显提高病人的术后生存。