不同人工泪液治疗白内障超声乳化术后干眼症

目的:探究不同种类人工泪液治疗白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后发生干眼症患者的疗效.方法:选取2015-01/2016-06期间我院收治的行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后具有干眼症症状患者280例280眼为研究对象.根据使用的人工泪液种类的不同,分为四组:(1)对照组:术后连续使用妥布霉素地塞米松眼膏涂术眼1wk,3次/d;使用左氧氟沙星滴眼液滴术眼1wk,3次/d;使用普拉洛芬滴眼液1mo,4次/d.(2)聚丙烯酸组:在对照组基础上连续使用聚丙烯酸点术眼1mo,4次/d;(3)聚乙二醇组: 在对照组基础上连续使用聚乙二醇点术眼1mo,4次/d;(4)玻璃酸钠组:在对照组基础上连续使用玻璃酸钠点术眼1mo,4次/d.观察并比较四组患者治疗后1、2、3wk及1mo时的泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、泪液分泌试验(SⅠt)、干眼症状评分、角膜染色评分等.结果:(1)BUT:四组患者治疗后BUT均呈上升趋势,显著高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且聚丙烯酸组、聚乙二醇组及玻璃酸钠组治疗后BUT与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),玻璃酸钠组术后2wk的BUT显著高于其他组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)SⅠt:四组患者治疗后SⅠt均呈上升趋势,显著高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且聚丙烯酸组、聚乙二醇组及玻璃酸钠组治疗后的SⅠt与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中玻璃酸钠组治疗后SⅠt显著高于其他组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(3)干眼症状评分:四组患者治疗后干眼症状评分均呈下降趋势,与治疗前比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05),且聚丙烯酸组、聚乙二醇组及玻璃酸钠组治疗后评分与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),玻璃酸钠组治疗后3wk评分显著低于其他组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(4)角膜染色评分:治疗后各组与治疗前比较显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中1、2wk各组角膜染色评分均无统计学差异(P>0.05),治疗后3wk,1mo玻璃酸钠组角膜染色评分显著低于其他组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:人工泪液治疗白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入治疗后干眼症具有较好的临床疗效,含有玻璃酸钠成份的泪液效果最佳.     

Major Depressive Disorder: Advances in Neuroscience Research and Translational Applications

Major depressive disorder (MDD), also referred to as depression, is one of the most common psychiatric disorders with a high economic burden. The etiology of depression is still not clear, but it is generally believed that MDD is a multifactorial disease caused by the interaction of social, psychological, and biological aspects. Therefore, there is no exact pathological theory that can independently explain its pathogenesis, involving genetics, neurobiology, and neuroimaging. At present, there are many treatment measures for patients with depression, including drug therapy, psychotherapy, and neuromodulation technology. In recent years, great progress has been made in the development of new antidepressants, some of which have been applied in the clinic. This article mainly reviews the research progress, pathogenesis, and treatment of MDD.     

Appraisal of anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities of ethanol extract of Ilex ficoidea Hemsl and Ilex centrochinensis S.Y. Hu

This study was to appraise the anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities of ethanol extracts of Ilex ficoidea Hemsl (EIFH) and Ilex centrochinensis S.Y. Hu (EICC). Anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using xylene-induced ear edema and the cotton pellet granuloma tests. Some antioxidants produced during chronic inflammation were quantitated and the DPPH, superoxide anion and hydroxyl free radicals scavenging activities in vitro were also investigated. EICC showed a significant anti-inflammatory effect during the acute inflammation and chronic inflammation without any acute oral toxicity. However, EIFH exhibited a negligible anti-acute inflammatory and a moderate anti-chronic inflammatory activity. EICC significantly inhibited the formation of MDA and markedly raised the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-Px. EIFH could reduce the level of MDA and elevate the activity of SOD only at the high dose. The free radical scavenging activities of EICC are higher than that of EIFH. These results suggest that EICC possesses significant anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities. The anti-inflammatory mechanism is attributed, in part, to enhance the activities of antioxidant enzymes.     

反复吗啡暴露后短期戒断时大鼠伏核大麻素CB1受体的功能变化

目的獉獉:探索反复吗啡暴露后短期戒断时,大麻素信号对大鼠伏核中等有棘神经元接受的自发性抑制性突触后电流调节功能的变化。方法獉獉:24只SD大鼠(♂)随机分为吗啡组和对照组,并分别按10 mg.kg-1.d-1的剂量腹部皮下注射吗啡和生理盐水,连续注射7 d。在药物戒断后的d3分别制备伏核脑片,在全细胞膜片钳模式下分别记录两组大鼠伏核中等有棘神经元所接受的自发性抑制性突触后电流,观察两组电流的频率和幅度是否存在差异,以及两者对大麻素受体激动剂的反应性的异同。结果獉獉:(1)在戒断3 d后,吗啡组和对照组自发性抑制性突触后电流的幅度分别为23.40±s 3.9 pA,21.60±s 4.1 pA,两组比较无显著差异(P>0.05);频率分别是1.62±s0.47 Hz,1.46±s 0.51 Hz,二者比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。(2)灌流大麻素CB1受体激动剂WIN55,212-2后,吗啡组和对照组自发性抑制性突触后电流的幅度分别为基线水平的75.1±s 7.6(%)和93.7±s 8.4(%),两组差异显著(P<0.05);频率分别为基线水平的64.6±s 6.3(%)和89.8±s 9.7(%),两组差异显著(P<0.05)。结论獉獉:大鼠反复吗啡暴露后短期戒断时,伏核大麻素CB1受体功能发生变化,表现为其对吗啡组伏核中等有棘神经元接受的自发性抑制性突触后电流的抑制作用显著增强。     

TRPV4 Regulates Soman-Induced Status Epilepticus and Secondary Brain Injury via NMDA Receptor and NLRP3 Inflammasome

Nerve agents are used in civil wars and terrorist attacks, posing a threat to public safety. Acute exposure to nerve agents such as soman (GD) causes serious brain damage, leading to death due to intense seizures induced by acetylcholinesterase inhibition and neuronal injury resulting from increased excitatory amino-acid levels and neuroinflammation. However, data on the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective efficacies of currently-used countermeasures are limited. Here, we evaluated the potential effects of transient receptor vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) in the treatment of soman-induced status epilepticus (SE) and secondary brain injury. We demonstrated that TRPV4 expression was markedly up-regulated in rat hippocampus after soman-induced seizures. Administration of the TRPV4 antagonist GSK2193874 prior to soman exposure significantly decreased the mortality rate in rats and reduced SE intensity. TRPV4-knockout mice also showed lower incidence of seizures and higher survival rates than wild-type mice following soman exposure. Further in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that blocking TRPV4 prevented NMDA receptor-mediated glutamate excitotoxicity. The protein levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex and its downstream cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 increased in soman-exposed rat hippocampus. However, TRPV4 inhibition or deletion markedly reversed the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. In conclusion, our study suggests that the blockade of TRPV4 protects against soman exposure and reduces brain injury following SE by decreasing NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity and NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation. To our knowledge, this is the first study regarding the “dual-switch” function of TRPV4 in the treatment of soman intoxication.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s12264-021-00662-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

脊髓损伤患者泌尿系感染的病原学特点及耐药性分析

目的 探讨脊髓损伤(SCI)患者泌尿系感染(UTI)的病原学特点及耐药情况,并分析不同膀胱排空方式SCI患者UTI病原菌在构成及耐药性方面的差异,为临床治疗提供依据.方法 收集2013年1月-2019年12月于我院康复医学科确诊为UTI且尿培养阳性的SCI患者190例作为SCI组,以泌尿外科确诊为UTI且尿培养阳性的非...     

1例进展性卒中患者个体化抗栓药物治疗实践

目的:探讨进展性卒中患者的抗栓治疗策略.方法:分析1例进展性卒中患者诊治情况,并对患者不同病情下的抗栓治疗方案进行调整和药学监护.结果:临床药师参与进展性卒中患者的诊疗,通过临床指南、专家共识及文献报道,为患者在多个治疗关键节点提供个体化药学建议,提供规范的药学宣教、随访,患者病情得到有效控制并好转,药学监护全过程未发...     

黄附子中性多糖和酸性蛋白多糖的分离、纯化与鉴定

目的 :探讨黄附子中的糖复合物 ,为深入研究和开发利用附子提供有用资料。方法 :采用热水抽提、乙醇沉淀、DEAE C32及SephadexG75柱层析等方法分离黄附子中的糖复合物 ,用酚 硫酸法、Folin 酚法及硫酸 咔唑法测定其糖、蛋白质、葡萄糖醛酸的含量。结果 :从黄附子中得到两种糖复合物 ,一种为中性多糖 ,含量为 3% ;另一种为酸性蛋白多糖 ,含量为 1% (其中糖含量 97%、蛋白质含量 3%、葡萄糖醛酸含量 9% )。结论 :黄附子中两种糖复合物的获得有助于研究附子抗癌、抗衰老和增强免疫机能的作用。     

拉西地平与拉贝洛尔对妊娠期高血压疾病患者血压变异性的影响

目的比较拉西地平片与拉贝洛尔片对妊娠期高血压疾病患者血压变异性的影响。方法选取妊娠期高血压疾病患者112例,随机分为拉西地平组与拉贝洛尔组各56例,分别服用拉西地平片4mg／d、拉贝洛尔片200mg／d,共治疗4周。比较治疗前和治疗4周后动态血压和血压变异性的情况。结果拉西地平组与拉贝洛尔组治疗的总有效率相比较,差异有统计学意义（X2=7．03,P〈0．05）。拉西地平组治疗前后24hSBP、24hDBP、dSBP、dDBP、nSBP、nDBP、dDSD、nDSD相比较,t=23．12、14．96、10．64、8．04、10．49、3．66、12．81、4．95、10．35、4．41,均P〈0．05;拉贝洛尔组治疗前后24hSBP、24hDBP、dSBP、dDBP、nSBP、nDBP、dDSD、nDSD相比较,t=17．41、14．41、8．40、7．65、6．70、4．38、10．27、6．71、6．56、5．29,P〈0．05;拉西地平组与拉贝洛尔组治疗后两组dSSD、nSSD相比较,t=3．30、3．45,均P〈0．05。结论对于妊娠期高血压疾病患者,拉西地平与拉贝洛尔均有良好的降压疗效,拉西地平治疗总有效率优于拉贝洛尔组。拉西地平在改善血压昼夜节律,降低血压变异性方面优于拉贝洛尔。     

蜂王浆对小鼠免疫功能的增强作用

蜂王浆2.5g/kg/d ig×8d,可增加小鼠iV碳粒的廓清速率,并能完全对抗可的松对碳粒廓清速率的抑制作用,使之恢复正常。蜂王浆还增强小鼠的羊红细胞(SRBC)致敏的足跖迟发性过敏反应(DTH),并使环磷酰胺所致DTH反应低下完全恢复正常。蜂王浆2.5g/kg/d ig×7d对正常及注射环磷酰胺所致免疫功能低下小鼠的溶血素形成无影响。