TLR4在子宫内膜异位症发病机制中的研究进展

子宫内膜异位症(EMs)是育龄妇女的常见病,其发病机制至今尚未完全明确,近年来越来越多的学者认为免疫系统的异常在EMs的发生、发展中起到了重要的作用。TLR4是机体重要天然免疫受体分子之一,可识别内源性、外源性配体,并通过信号转导机制引起NF-KB和TNF-α等细胞因子的活化,启动和调节天然免疫并诱导获得性免疫反应。本文就TLR4目前的研究进展及在EMs发病机制中起到的作用进行综述,以促进对其研究的深入。     

High-throughput identification of off-targets for the mechanistic study of severe adverse drug reactions induced by analgesics

Drugs may induce adverse drug reactions (ADRs) when they unexpectedly bind to proteins other than their therapeutic targets. Identification of these undesired protein binding partners, called off-targets, can facilitate toxicity assessment in the early stages of drug development. In this study, a computational framework was introduced for the exploration of idiosyncratic mechanisms underlying analgesic-induced severe adverse drug reactions (SADRs). The putative analgesic-target interactions were predicted by performing reverse docking of analgesics or their active metabolites against human/mammal protein structures in a high-throughput manner. Subsequently, bioinformatics analyses were undertaken to identify ADR-associated proteins (ADRAPs) and pathways. Using the pathways and ADRAPs that this analysis identified, the mechanisms of SADRs such as cardiac disorders were explored. For instance, 53 putative ADRAPs and 24 pathways were linked with cardiac disorders, of which 10 ADRAPs were confirmed by previous experiments. Moreover, it was inferred that pathways such as base excision repair, glycolysis/glyconeogenesis, ErbB signaling, calcium signaling, and phosphatidyl inositol signaling likely play pivotal roles in drug-induced cardiac disorders. In conclusion, our framework offers an opportunity to globally understand SADRs at the molecular level, which has been difficult to realize through experiments. It also provides some valuable clues for drug repurposing.     

Unusual hyperpigmented patches,an undeveloped breast and a cataract in a female with incontinentia pigmenti

A 19‐year‐old female and her mother visited our department with a history of unusual reticular brown‐black patches on their trunks and limbs since infancy. Besides the obviously fulsome hyperpigmentation, the daughter also showed other unusual clinical manifestations such as generalized hypohidrosis, especially on the hyperpigmented patches, cicatricial alopecia, a cataract on her right eye, abnormal teeth and a right dysplastic breast. The mother had a median diastema between her maxillary central incisors, hypoplasia of the enamel, hypohidrosis and hyperpigmented patches on her left thoracic region. Analysis of the NEMO (NF‐κB essential modulator) gene in the patient and her mother revealed a deletion of exons 4–10. Their EDA and EDAR genes were normal.     

脑梗死并发低钠血症与营养相关因素的分析

目的:分析脑梗死病人低钠血症的发生情况以及与营养相关因素的关系,旨在提高临床综合治疗效果。方法:对240例脑梗死病人,于入院后第2天清晨空腹抽取静脉血,检测血清钠、血红蛋白、总蛋白、清蛋白、C-反应蛋白和淋巴细胞计数,并进行统计学分析。结果:240例脑梗死病人发生低钠血症者为61例,占25.42%。低钠组病人血清总蛋白、清蛋白、血红蛋白、淋巴细胞计数均明显低于血钠正常组,C-反应蛋白显著高于血钠正常组(P<0.05)。脑梗死病人血清钠与总蛋白、清蛋白、血红蛋白和C-反应蛋白之间具有明显相关性(P<0.05)。结论:脑梗死病人低钠血症与机体营养不良因素密切相关,在纠正低钠血症的同时,要加强病人营养支持,从而提高临床综合治疗的效果。     

The Value of Routinely Performed Ultrasonography in Patients with Crohn Disease

Background: In active Crohn disease (CD), abdominal ultrasound can demonstrate morphological changes in the bowel wall. By contrast, the role of ultrasonography in periods with no disease activity has never been evaluated. In this prospective study we investigated the outcome of routinely performed abdominal ultrasonography in CD patients irrespective of symptoms and disease activity. Methods: 255 consecutive patients with chronic CD (117 M, 138 F, mean age ( ± s ) 38 ± 14) were evaluated by high-resolution ultrasonography of the bowel wall and abdomen. The findings were graded with respect to further diagnostic and/or therapeutic implications. In addition, the CD activity index (CDAI) was determined. In patients with pathological sonographic findings, complementary procedures (e.g. endoscopy, computed tomography, biopsy or operation) were performed to validate the suspected diagnosis. Results: In 46/255 (18%) patients with CD, the diagnosis of a transmural inflammatory reaction (TMR) with or without fistula was made by ultrasonography. In respect of CDAI, 29/46 (63%) of these patients were graded as active disease (CDAI >150) and 17/46 (37%) as inactive disease (CDAI &#104 150). Of the 17 patients with a TMR and CDAI &#104 150, 4 patients revealed interenteric fistula, 7 patients mesenteric or perirectal fistula, whereas 6 patients presented with a transmural mesenteric inflammatory reaction without fistula. All fistulae were confirmed by radiography. Ultrasonography of the remaining abdominal organs revealed pathological findings with further diagnostic implications in 25/255 (10%) patients and with therapeutic implications in 9/255 (4%) patients. Conclusion: Routinely performed ultrasonography of the abdomen reveals pathological findings with therapeutic implications not only in symptomatic but also in asymptomatic patients with CD. It can therefore be recommended as a screening tool for this group of patients.