16例直肠腺瘤的CT影像分析

[目的]探讨直肠腺瘤的CT表现.[方法]对16例经病理证实的直肠腺瘤CT表现进行回顾性分析.[结果]16例腺瘤按病理类型分为绒毛状腺瘤,管状绒毛状腺瘤和管状腺瘤,其中8例恶变.CT征象如下:广基生长有8例,窄基带蒂生长的5例,环壁增厚的有4例;向腔内匍匐式或菜花状生长的有10例;占肠周径比率在1/3以下的9例;病灶与直肠壁相贴时留下通气的间隙7例,可作为直肠腺瘤的特征性表现.[结论]一般直肠腺瘤均具有典型的CT表现,术前明确的腺瘤的CT诊断对于手术方式有重要影响.     

GM-CSF基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及鉴定

目的：构建人粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）基因的重组腺病毒载体，为进一步研究GM-CSF基因在肿瘤基因治疗中的应用提供实验基础。方法：采用PCR方法，从重组质粒pcDNA3．1-GM-CSF扩增出GM-CSF基因片段，通过穿梭质粒pShuttle，将带有CMV启动子的目的片段克隆入Adeno-X腺病毒DNA中，获得重组腺病毒DNA，通过脂质体转染HEK293细胞，经包装扩增后，获得重组腺病毒Adeno-X-GM-CSF，PCR鉴定，ELISA法检测表达产物。结果：含GM-CSF基因的重组腺病毒Adeno-X-GM-CSF构建成功，经PCR鉴定和DNA测序等证实了其正确性，重组腺病毒上清液中GM-CSF表达量达26ng／mL。结论：含GM-CSF基因的重组腺病毒构建成功。     

白细胞介素-13及其受体与恶性肿瘤的关系

白细胞介素-13（IL-13）是一类由P600 cDNA编码的细胞因子,与哮喘病和肾病的关系甚为紧密.但近年来国外学者发现与肿瘤尤其是恶性肿瘤也有着密切的关系,如IL-13在恶性肿瘤的发生发展过程中起重要作用,其受体在许多恶性肿瘤如肾细胞癌、Kaposi肉瘤、多形性胶质母细胞瘤等细胞表面存在特异性高表达,可以将IL-13及其受体应用于某些恶性肿瘤的诊断和免疫治疗等.     

前纵裂入路切除鞍区巨大肿瘤

背景与目的：鞍区巨大肿瘤手术难度较大，本文探索前纵裂入路切除鞍内、鞍上向单双侧海绵窦、第三脑室、蝶窦及伴颞叶发展的巨大肿瘤的手术适应症、方法与优缺点方法：总结分析2002年1月至2004年5月我科经前纵裂入路切除鞍区各部位发展的肿瘤17例。结果：肿瘤全切14例，近全切2例．部分切除1例；术后视力改善12例，无改变5例，尿崩或电解质紊乱8例，死亡1例，随访时间3～32个月，有1例复发，系巨大侵袭性垂体瘤术后，行γ-刀治疗后肿瘤基本得到控制。结论：前纵裂入路是切除鞍内、鞍上向单双侧海绵安、第三脑室、蝶窦及伴颞叶发展的肿瘤较理想的入路，利用自然脑裂的分离，手术视野、操作角度好、肓区少，有利于显露重要血管、神经及双侧海绵窦内侧壁，肿瘤全切率高。     

Utility of SPECT Lung Perfusion Scans in Assessing the Early Changes in Pulmonary Function after Radiotherapy for Patients with Lung Cancer

OBJECTIVE Radiation-induced lung injury commonly follows radiotherapy (RT) fortumors within and near the thorax. Lung function is usually measured by pulmonary function tests (PFTs). But RT-induced regional changes of pulmonary function cannot be accurately evaluated by PFTs. Lung perfusion scintigraphy compared with other radiographic methods can assess well regional pulmonary physiological function, and a 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy planning system can quantitatively calculate irradiation dosage. The purpose of this study is to assess, by lung perfusion scintigraphy, early changes in the pulmonary function of patients with lung cancer when receiving thoracic 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT).METHODS Nineteen patients receiving thoracic 3D-CRT for lung cancer were studied. A single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)lung perfusion scan, X-ray or CT scan before RT and after 40～50Gy radiation were performed. Pre-RT SPECT lung perfusion images were classified by comparing lung perfusion defects with radiological abnormalities before RT. Grade 0: There was no lung perfusion defect in the area of radiological abnormality. Grade 1: The size of the radiological abnormality was similar to the area of the lung perfusion defect. Grade 2: The area of the lung perfusion defect was bigger than the size of the radiological abnormality and extended to one lobe of the lung. Grade 3: The area of lung perfusion defect exceeded one lobe of the lung. The radiation field with more than 20 Gy was drawn as a region of interest (ROI). The proportion of radioactive dose within this ROI relative to total lung dose in one slice was calculated.RESULTS All patients had lung perfusion defects, nine patients with grade 1,five patients with grade 2 and five patients with grade 3 damage,respectively. All tumors in the 19 patients were reduced in CT or X-ray images to various degrees after 40～50 Gy radiation. The mean proportion of ROI in 19 patients was 53.7±29.8% before radiation as compared to 57.6±22.6% during RT. The difference between these two groups was not significant (P=0.280). The decreased relative lung perfusion post-RT was found in six patients, whereas the increased relative lung perfusion post-RT was observed in 13 patients.CONCLUSION SPECT lung perfusion scaning is a simple, convenient and useful method for assessing regional lung function pre-RT and for monitoring the changes in regional lung function after irradiation.     

Clinical observation on acupuncture treatment of functional dyspepsia

目的:观察针刺治疗功能性消化不良的临床疗效.方法:根据中医经络理论选择以足三里等穴位,用平补平泻手法,辅以电针治疗功能性消化不良,并以常用西药多潘立酮作为对照进行临床观察.结果与结论:针刺组总有效率93.8%,显效率为63.3%,药物组分别为82.3%和43.1%,针刺组治疗非特异型功能性消化不良疗效好于药物组(P＜0.05);治疗动力障碍型者,两者无明显差异(P＞0.05),疗效均较突出.     

盐酸苯海拉明凝胶的制备及质量控制

目的:制备盐酸苯海拉明凝胶并建立其质量控制方法。方法:以羧甲基纤维素钠等作为凝胶基质,以正交试验筛选基质最佳配方,并采用紫外分光光度法在258nm波长处测定盐酸苯海拉明的含量。结果:制备的凝胶均匀细腻,分散性好;盐酸苯海拉明检测浓度在100～400μg/ml范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9999,n=6),平均回收率为99.95%,RSD=0.95%(n=9)。结论:该制剂质量稳定,质控方法可靠。     

药品在被少量大肠杆菌污染而造成漏检的有关问题的探讨

目的:探讨药品在被少量大肠杆菌污染后,按中国药典现行方法检验是否存在漏检可能,建立了在该种情况下可行的大肠杆菌检查的方法.方法:对8个品种人为污染少量大肠杆菌后,按中国药典检查.结果:药品在被少量大肠杆菌污染后,按药典法大肠杆菌阳性检出率为0～66%,改进法为100%.结论:药品在被少量大肠杆菌污染后,按中国药典现行方法检验存在漏检可能.     

HPLC法测定小儿咳喘灵颗粒中绿原酸的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定小儿咳喘灵颗粒中绿原酸的含量.方法:采用Analytical Technology(AT)C18柱(200mm×4.6 mm,5μm);以乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液(13:87)为流动相;检测波长为327 nm;流速为1 ml·min-1;室温操作.结果:绿原酸在0.083～0.83 μg的浓度范围内呈线性关系,r=0.999 9,平均回收率为99.2%,RSD为0.7%.结论:该法简便、准确可靠,可用于该药的质量控制.     

人血浆中氯氮平及去甲氯氮平的固相萃取HPLC测定

建立了HPLC法测定人血浆中的氯氮平及去甲氯氮平含量.采甩C18柱,流动相为甲醇-水-三乙胺-乙酸(600:400:4:2),检测波长254nm,固相萃取法处理血样,地西泮为内标.氯氮平及去甲氯氮平在50～2000ng/ml范围内线性关系良好.平均方法回收率分别为103.1%和102.1%.