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排序方式: 共有230条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Kinetics of peritoneal dialysis in children: role of lymphatics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Intraperitoneal fluid is absorbed continuously by convective flow into the peritoneal cavity lymphatics. We evaluated the role of lymphatic absorption in the kinetics of peritoneal dialysis during standardized four hour exchanges in six children using 40 ml/kg of 2.5% dextrose dialysis solution. Cumulative lymphatic absorption averaged 10.4 +/- 1.6 ml/kg and reduced the total net transcapillary ultrafiltration during the dwell time by 73 +/- 10%. Due to the considerable lymphatic absorption rate, maximum intraperitoneal volume was observed before osmolar equilibrium. Extrapolated to four study exchanges per day, lymphatic absorption decreased the potential daily drain volumes in the children by 27 +/- 5% and daily peritoneal urea and creatinine clearances by 24 +/- 4% and 22 +/- 5%, respectively. Compared with four hour exchanges using two liters of 2.5% dextrose dialysis solution in 10 adult CAPD patients with average peritoneal transport, the children had more rapid equilibration of urea, greater absorption of dialysate glucose, higher lymphatic absorption and lower net ultrafiltration (P less than 0.01 to P less than 0.05). Lymphatic absorption therefore causes a relatively greater reduction in net ultrafiltration and solute clearances in children than in adults. 相似文献
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P Barlas TD Hernndez KL McFadden 《Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies》2010,15(3):225-226
McFadden KL, Hernández TD. Cardiovascular benefits of acupressure (Jin Shin) following stroke. Complement Ther Med 2010; 18: 42–8. 相似文献
35.
L Moreno SK McMaster T Gatheral LK Bailey LS Harrington N Cartwright PCJ Armstrong TD Warner M Paul-Clark JA Mitchell 《British journal of pharmacology》2010,160(8):1997-2007
Background and purpose:
Gram-negative bacteria contain ligands for Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD) 1 receptors. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activates TLR4, while peptidoglycan products activate NOD1. Activation of NOD1 by the specific agonist FK565 results in a profound vascular dysfunction and experimental shock in vivo.Experimental approach:
Here, we have analysed a number of pharmacological inhibitors to characterize the role of key signalling pathways in the induction of NOS2 following TLR4 or NOD1 activation.Key results:
Vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells expressed NOD1 mRNA and protein, and, after challenge with Escherichia coli or FK565, NOS2 protein and activity were induced. Macrophages had negligible levels of NOD1 and were unaffected by FK565, but responded to E. coli and LPS by releasing increased NO and expression of NOS2 protein. Classic pharmacological inhibitors for NF-κB (SC-514) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (SB203580, PD98059) signalling pathways inhibited responses in both cell types regardless of agonist. While TLR4-mediated responses in macrophages were specifically inhibited by the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk and the PKC inhibitor Gö6976, NOD1-mediated responses in VSM cells were inhibited by the Rip2 inhibitor PP2.Conclusions and implications:
Our findings suggest a selective role for NOD1 in VSM cells, and highlight NOD1 as a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of vascular inflammation. 相似文献36.
Beau Wager Dana K. Shaw Ashley M. Groshong Jon S. Blevins Jon T. Skare 《Infection and immunity》2015,83(9):3693-3703
Borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease, produces a variety of proteins that promote survival and colonization in both the Ixodes species vector and various mammalian hosts. We initially identified BB0744 (also known as p83/100) by screening for B. burgdorferi strain B31 proteins that bind to α1β1 integrin and hypothesized that, given the presence of a signal peptide, BB0744 may be a surface-exposed protein. In contrast to this expectation, localization studies suggested that BB0744 resides in the periplasm. Despite its subsurface location, we were interested in testing whether BB0744 is required for borrelial pathogenesis. To this end, a bb0744 deletion was isolated in a B. burgdorferi strain B31 infectious background, complemented, and queried for the role of BB0744 following experimental infection. A combination of bioluminescent imaging, cultivation of infected tissues, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) demonstrated that Δbb0744 mutant B. burgdorferi bacteria were attenuated in the ability to colonize heart tissue, as well as skin locations distal to the site of infection. Furthermore, qPCR indicated a significantly reduced spirochetal load in distal skin and joint tissue infected with Δbb0744 mutant B. burgdorferi. Complementation with bb0744 restored infectivity, indicating that the defect seen in Δbb0744 mutant B. burgdorferi was due to the loss of BB0744. Taken together, these results suggest that BB0744 is necessary for tissue tropism, particularly in heart tissue, alters the ability of B. burgdorferi to disseminate efficiently, or both. Additional studies are warranted to address the mechanism employed by BB0744 that alters the pathogenic potential of B. burgdorferi. 相似文献
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Severe hypoglycemia rates are not associated with HbA1c: a cross‐sectional analysis of 3 contemporary pediatric diabetes registry databases 下载免费PDF全文
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Out of 280 immunotherapy (IT)-treated patients in our allergy clinic, 37 (13%) developed systemic adverse reactions. Parietaria judaica (Pj) extract, a highly allergenic pollen in northern Israel, was part of the IT regimen in 46% of treated patients who developed systemic adverse reactions. Twenty-six (70%) of systemic adverse reactions occurred during the buildup phase, whereas 11 (30%) occurred in the maintenance phase of treatment. Mild systemic reactions developed in 15/37 (40%), moderate in 20/37 (54%), and severe in 2/37 (5%) of patients. In 22/37 (59% of our IT-treated patients, adverse reactions developed within 30 min after injection. Among these were the two patients with severe systemic reactions. In 19%, moderate adverse reactions appeared at 30-60 min; in 22%, mild to moderate reactions appeared after 1-2 h. Our study concludes that severe systemic reactions to IT usually appear within 30 min after injection. In Israel, IT with highly allergenic pollens such as Pj frequently causes systemic reactions, even during the maintenance phase of treatment. In such cases, the reduction of IT dosage should be more than 50% during the pollen season, and a waiting period of 1 h should also be considered. 相似文献
40.
Use and effectiveness of dapagliflozin in routine clinical practice: An Italian multicentre retrospective study 下载免费PDF全文
Gian Paolo Fadini MD Giancarlo Zatti MD Ileana Baldi PhD Daniele Bottigliengo Agostino Consoli Andrea Giaccari MD Giorgio Sesti Angelo Avogaro MD for the DARWIN‐TD network 《Diabetes, obesity & metabolism》2018,20(7):1781-1786
In randomized controlled trials (RCTs), sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been shown to confer glycaemic and extra‐glycaemic benefits. The DARWIN‐T2D (DApagliflozin Real World evIdeNce in Type 2 Diabetes) study was a multicentre retrospective study designed to evaluate the baseline characteristics of patients receiving dapagliflozin vs those receiving selected comparators (dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, gliclazide, or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists), and drug effectiveness in routine clinical practice. From a population of 281 217, the analysis included 17 285 patients initiating dapagliflozin or comparator glucose‐lowering medications (GLMs), 6751 of whom had a follow‐up examination. At baseline, participants starting dapagliflozin were younger, had a longer disease duration, higher glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration, and a more complex history of previous GLM use, but the clinical profile of patients receiving dapagliflozin changed during the study period. Dapagliflozin reduced HbA1c by 0.7%, body weight by 2.7 kg, and systolic blood pressure by 3.0 mm Hg. Effects of comparator GLMs were also within the expected range, based on RCTs. This real‐world study shows an initial channelling of dapagliflozin to difficult‐to‐treat patients. Nonetheless, dapagliflozin provided significant benefits with regard to glucose control, body weight and blood pressure that were in line with findings from RCTs. 相似文献