Synthesis and characterization of substituted benzoylhydrazones of naloxone

Naloxone benzoylhydrazone (NalBzoH) has proved a valuable tool in the investigation of opioid receptor subtypes. In the present study, we have examined a series of derivatives of NalBzoH in which substitutions have been made on the benzoyl ring. Overall, we see dramatic effects on the binding affinities of derivatives against the various opioid receptor subtypes. Although the range of affinities against the mu receptors is quite modest, ranges of the others vary almost 30-fold for kappa₃, 50-fold for kappa₁ and 100-fold for delta and kappa₂ binding. Few substituted derivatives display greater affinity than NalBzoH for any of the receptors, except for delta sites where several derivatives have affinities almost tenfold greater than NalBzoH. Along with the wide variations in affinity, the compounds also appear to exhibit widely divergent activities in traditional biosasays. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

护士为患有心力衰竭的移民提供自我照顾咨询的体验

目的 以往关于心力衰竭患者自我照顾的研究强调了其重要性,特别对移民患者而言.护士在为慢性病(如心力衰竭)患者提供相关信息并促进他们积极进行自我照顾方面发挥着重要作用.本研究旨在加强研究者及护士的认识,为患有心力衰竭的移民的自我照顾提供最佳支持.方法 采用质性研究方法.2020年10-12月,对瑞典西部不同类型机构心力衰...     

A comparison of replicative senescence and doxorubicin-induced premature senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells isolated from human aorta

Senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to aging as well as age-related diseases of the cardiovascular system. Senescent VSMCs have been shown to be present in atherosclerotic plaques. Both replicative (RS) and stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) accompany cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to establish the signature of RS and SIPS of VSMCs, induced by a common anticancer drug, doxorubicin, and to discover the so far undisclosed features of senescent cells that are potentially harmful to the organism. Most of the senescence hallmarks were common for both RS and SIPS; however, some differences were observed. 32 % of doxorubicin-treated cells were arrested in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, while 73 % of replicatively senescing cells were arrested in the G1 phase. Moreover, on the basis of alkaline phosphatase activity measurements, we show that a 7-day treatment with doxorubicin (dox), does not cause precocious cell calcification, which is a characteristic feature of RS. We did not observe calcification even though after 7 days of dox-treatment many other markers characteristic for senescent cells were present. It can suggest that dox-induced SIPS does not accelerate the mineralization of vessels. We consider that detailed characterization of the two types of cellular senescence can be useful in in vitro studies of potential anti-aging factors.     

Operative treatment of benign ovarian tumours in adolescent patients: laparotomy or laparoscopy?

THE AIM: The aim of the study was a retrospective analysis of operative procedures, laparoscopy or laparotomy, carried out in cases of benign adolescent ovarian tumours. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective review of 709 patient charts with ovarian tumours, who had undergone surgical interventions at The Department of Surgical Gynaecology and Endoscopy of The Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital--Research Institute in ?ód?--has been conducted. Among groups of girls treated either with laparoscopy or laparotomy, the following parameters were analysed: age of the patients, character of the tumour (based on the pathological result), size of the lesion, type of the surgical procedure, duration of the hospitalisation and postoperative complications. RESULTS: 109 girls had ovarian tumours operated--54 times laparoscopy and 55 laparotomy times were performed. An average age of patients who underwent laparoscopy was 16.2 years, in case of laparotomy: 15.3 years (p > 0.05). An average size of tumours excised in laparotomy was 82 mm (60-190 mm), whereas in laparoscopy 64 mm (30-80 mm) (p > 0.05). The most common laparotomic procedure was the ovarian cystectomy (63%) and cystovariectomy (32%), while during laparoscopy the cystectomy was performed in 92% (p > 0.05). Duration of the laparoscopy was shorter, average was 46.7 min, whereas mean time of laparotomy was 49.2 min (p > 0.05). Also duration of postoperative hospitalisation was longer in case of laparotomy, its average time was 5.4 days in comparison with laparoscopy--2.8 days (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopy performed in adolescents due to benign ovarian tumours seems to be a very safe way of the surgical treatment. Moreover, laparoscopy reduces duration of hospitalisation and convalescence, also giving a nice cosmetic effect.     

Senile and presenile cataract: comparison of patients operated in the year 1990-2000

PURPOSE: To compare some epidemiological features (e.g. mean age) of patients operated for senile and presenile cataract in the year 1990 and 2000. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Data of 106 consecutive patients with senile or presenile cataract operated in May 1990 and 110 patients operated in April and May 2000, were compared. Some cataract risk factors were analysed: cataract in family, diabetes, steroid therapy, refractive error, rural residency, outdoor occupation, smoking., visual acuity and age of patients. RESULTS: There was significantly higher age (69 vs. 60 years) and lower number of patients with very low visual acuity (less than 0.1) in group undergoing cataract surgery in 2000. We did not noted significant differences regarding sex, cataract in family, presence of diabetes, steroid therapy, myopia, rural residency, outdoor occupation, smoking. CONCLUSIONS: In 10 years period increase of age and decrease in number of patients with very low visual acuity in group operated for senile and presenile cataract could be observed.     

Respiratory hypersensitivity to trimellitic anhydride in Brown Norway rats: a comparison of endpoints

A rat bioassay has been developed to provide an objective approach for the identification and classification of respiratory allergy using trimellitic anhydride (TMA), which is a known respiratory tract irritant and asthmagen. Particular emphasis was placed on the study of route-of-induction-dependent effects and their progression upon inhalation challenge with TMA (approximately 23 mg m(-3) for a duration of 30 min), which included analysis of specific and non-specific airway hyperreactivity and pulmonary inflammation initiated and sustained by immunological processes. Refinement of the bioassay focused on procedures to probe changes occurring upon challenge with TMA or methacholine aerosols using physiological, biochemical and immunological procedures. Following challenge with TMA, the rats sensitized to TMA showed marked changes in peak inspiratory and expiratory air flows and respiratory minute volume. In these animals, a sustained pulmonary inflammation occurred, characterized by specific endpoints determined in bronchoalveolar lavage (lactate dehydrogenase, protein, nitrite, eosinophil peroxidase, myeloperoxidase). When compared with the naive controls, lung weights were increased significantly, as were the weights of lung-associated lymph nodes following inhalation induction and auricular lymph nodes following topical induction. The extent of changes observed was equal or more pronounced in animals sensitized epicutaneously (day 0:150 microl vehicle/50% TMA on each flank, day 7; booster administration to the skin of the dorsum of both ears using half the concentration and volume used on day 0) when compared with rats sensitized by 5 x 3 h day(-1) inhalation exposures (low dose: 25 mg TMA m(-3), high dose: 120 mg TMA m(-3)). In summary, the findings support the conclusion that the Brown Norway rat model is suitable for identifying TMA as an agent that causes both an immediate-type change of breathing patterns and a delayed-type sustained pulmonary inflammatory response. However, it remains unresolved whether the marked effects observed in the topically sensitized rats are more related to a route-of-induction or dose-dependent phenomenon.     

Clinical and epidemiological analysis of patients with botulism hospitalized at the Department of Infectious Disease,Medical University of Lublin in 1990-2000

In the paper we presented results of clinical and epidemiological analysis of 32 patients with botulism hospitalized at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Lublin in 1990-2000. In the studied group, the relationships between botulism incidence and sex and place of residence were not significant. The incubation period ranged from 7 hours to 5 days (average 36 hrs). The clinical manifestations of botulism were typical in all cases. In one female patient the course of disease was complicated. She developed right-sided bronchopneumonia and left-sided purulent parotitis. The type B botulinum toxin occurred more frequently than the other types and the cases without serological confirmation (Chi 2 = 6.125 p = 0.01). It was found in serum of 23 patients (in 2 cases together with the type A toxin). The type E toxin was found in serum of one patient. The presence of toxin in serum was not detected in 8 patients. In all patients trivalent (types A, B and E) equine antitoxin was administered. The dose ranged from 50 to 150 cm3. Symptomatic treatment was given in all cases. Nobody required mechanical ventilation. The duration of hospitalization ranged from 5 to 28 days (average 16.6 days). A few patients complained of long-lasting blurred vision or dry mouth.     

Frequency intake and energy value of breakfast consumed by school youth

The aim of study was evaluation of frequency intake and energy value of breakfast consumed by high school youth. The group of 126 pupils aged 16-18 years was investigated. Frequency intake was estimated using questionnaire and energy value by 24 hours recall method. The irregularity in breakfast intake as well as changing energy value of them has been shown.