Excision of a recurrent mediastinal cyst through mid sternotomy with high thoracic epidural anesthesia as the sole anesthetic—A case report

Conclusion Our case report highlights the possibility of tackling mediastinal, pericardial and pleural problems with regional anesthesia alone even if the surgery requires opening of the pleura.     

公共产品价格机制及价格约束分析

公共产品涉及千家万户的切身利益，近10多年来，部分公共产品价格变化又多以超过国民经济发展速度提高，怎样正确认识和判断其价格的合理性，具有十分重要的现实意义。本文分析了我国公共产品的价格类型，定价机制，阐明了我国公共产品的价格约束制度构建的主要内容，希望为政府及相关部门工作提供有益的帮助。     

美国医疗器械上市前监管概述与启示

美国食品和药物管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)经过多年发展和改革,已形成了成熟的上市前监管体系。本文通过对FDA上市批准路径(上市前批准、上市前通告、人道主义用器械豁免)和申报流程进行系统介绍,总结了加强事前沟通、降低产品风险等级和设立实质审查程序三个方面的启示,希望我国监管机构能充分吸收美国FDA对于医疗器械监管的经验和教训,建立适合中国国情的医疗器械监管体系,确保公众用器械安全。     

Nonhuman primates express human leukemia-associated antigens

Serologic studies using four murine monoclonal antibodies specific for the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) and five monoclonal antibodies specific for the gp24 surface antigen indicate that these leukemia-associated antigens are present on cells of comparable tissues in man and in four nonhuman primates. As in man, adherent cell populations obtained from skin, lung, and bone marrow of Macaca fascicularis, M mulatta, M nemestrina, and Papio cynocephalus react with these antibodies. Similarly, granulocytes from both man and these nonhuman primates bind CALLA- and gp24-specific antibodies. Radioimmune precipitation experiments confirm the identity of these antigens. Our studies suggest that nonhuman primates can be used to screen serologic reagents to leukemia-associated antigens for potential toxic effects on normal tissues prior to their use in man. Similarly, nonhuman primates could be employed to assess the possible role of antigen-positive stromal cells in the reconstitution of bone marrow following transplantation.     

亚低温治疗特重型颅脑损伤疗效观察

目的:探讨亚低温对特重型颅脑损伤患者的疗效。方法:将70例特重型颅脑损伤患者随机分为实验组(亚低温组)和对照组(常规手术组)。实验组在常规治疗的基础上在给予亚低温治疗,每组35例,并比较两组的临床疗效。结果:实验组恢复良好率37.14%明显高于对照组11.43%,死亡率25.71%明显低于对照组42.86%,(P<0.05)。结论:在常规治疗的基础上加用亚低温疗法治疗特重型颅脑损伤可以明显改善患者的预后。     

孟根乌森乌日乐对小鼠的急性毒性研究

目的：了解孟根乌森乌日乐的急性毒性作用剂量及给药后的急性毒性反应和死亡分布情况,确定孟根乌森乌日乐的半数致死量（ LD50）。方法用孔氏综合法（改进寇氏法）分为14．30,9．28,6．04,3．92,2．55,1．66 g? kg－16个剂量组,以0．4 mL／10 g的量灌胃给药1次。实验后观察14 d,记录体重变化及不良反应情况。结果孟根乌森乌日乐小鼠半数致死量为5．1597 g? kg－1（95％CI：3．6652～7．2637 g? kg－1）。14 d内未出现明显不良反应症状且体重有增长趋势。结论孟根乌森乌日乐的急性毒性实验的半数致死量为临床用药量的100倍,提示单次口服较为安全。     

Antibodies to diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis in infants before and after immunization with DTP (Triple Antigen) vaccine

Objective : To determine antibody levels to the Australian manufactured combined diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine (Triple Antigen, CSL Ltd) in infante before and after their primary immunization course.
Methodology : Serosurvey (antibody prevalence study) in two groups: infants aged 5-9 weeks who had not received any immunizations ( n = 25), and infants aged 7-10 months who had received two ( n = 25) or three immunizations ( n = 57) with DTP, sampled from infants attending the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, either as inpatients or outpatients between February and April 1993. The immunization history for each infant was determined from hospital records, the parent-held child health record, or the local council or family doctor who immunized the infant.
Results : Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) of antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus showed all infants to have adequate protective levels after two or three vaccinations (£0.01 IU/mL). All subjects who had received all three DTP vaccinations had detectable antibody to at least one pertussis antigen. Antibodies to the pertussis antigens filamentous haemagglutinin and pertussigen (pertussis toxin) were comparable to levels determined for whole cell pertussis vaccines used elsewhere in the world. EIA-determined antibodies to pertussis agglutinogen type 2 and agglutinogen type 3 showed substantially higher geometric mean titres when results for pre-immunization and post-immunization subjects were compared.
Conclusions : These data show that the Australian manufactured DTP vaccine has immunogenic properties similar to those of vaccines used elsewhere, and that antibody concentrations following immunization are at levels consistent with efficacy.     

PBL在病原生物与免疫学教学中的实践

目的探讨病原生物与免疫学教学中开展PBL教学的效果。方法对照组采用传统的教学方法，实验组采用PBL教学方法，通过问卷调查、考试成绩综合分析教学改革效果。结果实验班绝大多数学生接受并欢迎PBL教学模式，并在自学能力、理解能力、分析解决问题能力等方面得到明显的提高。结论PBL教学方法优于传统的教学方法，能有效提高病原生物与免疫学教学质量。     

淋巴靶向制剂——吸附抗癌药毫微粒活性炭的研究进展

目的介绍新型淋巴靶向制剂———吸附抗癌药毫微粒活性炭的研究进展。方法依据近年来的文献 ,对活性炭的制备工艺及体内外性质等方面进行了综述。结果活性炭具有很强的吸附功能 ,普通市售活性炭仅用作脱色、吸附热原与除味等。以微粒球磨机为粉碎器械 ,可加工制备粒径达1 0 0nm左右的纳米炭微粒 ,具有优越的淋巴趋向性。结论吸附抗癌药毫微粒活性炭在临床治疗癌症方面具有良好的运用前景