Isthmic spondylolysis of the lumbar spine: MR imaging at 1.5 T

The appearance on magnetic resonance (MR) images of the normal pars interarticularis in 13 patients was reviewed and contrasted with that of the pars in eight patients with spondylolysis. The pars defect usually had an intermediate signal intensity with all pulse sequences; however, this intensity was somewhat variable depending on the exact ratio of cartilage, fat, and fluid within each bone defect. The pars defect was best seen with spin-echo 600/20 (repetition time msec/echo time msec) images. In three cases, out-of-phase images showed the spondylolysis best, because of extension of fat to the borders of the defect. The sagittal view allowed one to separate spondylolysis from the joint space of posterior facets since the orientation of the defects is perpendicular to the facets; thus, a common pitfall encountered with cross-sectional axial imaging techniques is avoided. MR imaging poorly delineated bone fragments around the defect, which may produce nerve root impingement, but revealed other numerous complications that occur with spondylolysis, including spondylolisthesis and herniation of the disk above.     

Transabdominal versus endovaginal pelvic sonography: prospective study

Transabdominal and endovaginal pelvic sonograms were obtained in 108 nonpregnant patients referred for pelvic sonography. The studies were independently obtained by two radiologists and interpreted on the basis of identical clinical information. The sonograms were then compared for anatomic detail and abnormalities. A determination was made about which examination, if either, was superior. Follow-up was performed through a review of the medical records and follow-up studies. Overall, the endovaginal study was judged superior in 65 cases (60.2%), equal in 39 (36.1%), and inferior in four (3.7%). The authors conclude that the endovaginal examination can effectively replace the transabdominal examination as the initial approach for routine pelvic sonography.     

从平贝母茎叶中分离的平贝啶甙的结构

本文报道自平贝母(Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim)的地上茎叶中分得一种新的甾体生物碱甙,定名为平贝啶甙(pingbeidinoside),mp 242～243.2℃[a]_D²⁵+6.9°(c 0.145,MeOH)。经IR,MS,¹HNMR和¹³CNMR谱解析,推定其结构为3β,16α,20-三羟基-Δ⁵-22,26-缩亚胺胆甾烷-25-O-α-D-葡萄糖甙。     

Synthesis and antirhinovirus activity of cyano and amidino substituted flavanoids

Cyano and amidino flavans, isoflavans and 3(2H)-isoflavenes were synthesized in order to study their in vitro antirhino-virus activity, by comparison with the known corresponding chloro derivatives. The activity of the new compounds was evaluated on rhinovirus 1 B infected HeLa cell cultures by examining their ability to interfere with viral cytopathic effect and with plaque formation. It was found that generally the cyano derivatives behave like the chloro compounds, whereas the amidino derivatives show a lower activity, although always dependent on the position of substituent.     

大鼠红细胞流变性变化及抗运动疲劳效应与补服肉碱和糖的作用

目的:观察单独和配合补充肉碱和糖对大鼠红细胞流变性及抗运动疲劳能力的影响。方法:实验于2005-09/11于河北师范大学体育学院运动生理学实验室完成。①选用SD雄性大鼠72只,按随机数字表法分为4组:安静组(n=6)、安静补服组(n=18)、安慰运动组(n=12)和补服运动组(n=36)。安静补服组和补服运动组均给予3种药物形式:左旋肉碱(由沈阳东宇精细化工有限公司生产)、葡萄糖(济南利民制药有限公司生产)、肉碱和葡萄糖。安静补服组和补服运动组每天上午8∶30给予自来水溶解的肉碱和/或糖补剂,安静组和安慰运动组给予相同量的自来水。连续补充7d,补服量:肉碱组、葡萄糖组、肉碱 葡萄糖组分别为650mg/(kg·d),7g/(kg·d),325mg/(kg·d) 3.5g/(kg·d)。②在实验第8天,将安静组取血4mL。安慰运动组和补服运动组进行无负重游泳至力竭,然后取血。采用北京泰诺德新技术研究所生产的BV-100型无摩擦式血液流变仪测全血高切黏度(180s-1)、全血高切还原黏度(180s-1)、全血低切黏度(3s-1)、全血低切还原黏度(3s-1)、刚性指数及聚集指数。③计量资料进行正态分布、方差齐性检验后,再进行方差分析。结果:大鼠72只均进入结果分析。①红细胞流变性指标变化:安静补服组各组虽大部分红细胞流变性指标有改善,但与安静组相比,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。安慰运动组运动后5min全血高切黏度和全血高切还原黏度明显高于安静组(P<0.01),运动24h后全血高、低切黏度和红细胞聚集指数明显高于安静组(P<0.01)。一次力竭运动后5min各补服运动组全血低切黏度明显低于安慰运动组(P<0.01)。各组间红细胞刚性指数和红细胞聚集指数差异不明显(P>0.05)。各补服运动组间相比,补服肉碱组的全血低切还原黏度最高(P<0.01)。各补服运动组运动后24h全血低切还原黏度和红细胞聚集指数明显低于安慰运动组(P<0.05～0.01),补服肉碱和肉碱 葡萄糖运动组全血低切还原黏度和全血低切黏度、红细胞聚集指数明显高于补服葡萄糖运动组(P<0.05～0.01)。②抗疲劳作用:补服肉碱、葡萄糖、肉碱 葡萄糖运动组大鼠游泳时间分别为(334.5±27.81),(321.0±51.83),(326.5±39.9)min,均长于安慰运动组[(252.5±42.69)min,P<0.01];各补服运动组间差异不明显(P>0.05)。结论:单独补充或合用肉碱和糖均有利于力竭运动后大鼠红细胞流变性指标的改善,导致其运动能力的提高。     

Enhancement of t lymphocyte functions by Fc fragments of immunoglobulins. I. Augmentation of allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture reactions requires I-A- or I-B-subregion differences between effector and stimulator cell populations

Fc fragments derived from human Ig were found to be capable of enhancing T cell-mediated, antigen-induced proliferative and mixed lymphocyte culture responses. Maximum enhancement occurred when suboptimal amounts of antigen or suboptimal numbers of stimulator cells were employed. Augmentation of the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture reaction requires an I-A and/or I-B subregion difference between effector and stimulator cell populations. Although a significant proliferative response was observed with K- or D- region differences, Fc fragments were unable to enhance the response. The T cell population acted upon by Fc fragments in the potentiation of these responses bears the Lyt-1(+)23(-) phenotype.     

Loss of high-affinity thrombin receptors during platelet concentrate storage impairs the reactivity of platelets to thrombin

BACKGROUND: The storage of platelet concentrates (PCs) induces a reduction in the platelet surface expression of glycoprotein (GP) Ib alpha. The location of the platelets' high-affinity binding site for thrombin has been postulated as being located on GPIb alpha. This study attempts to determine whether loss or alteration of GPIb alpha during storage of PCs is related to impairment in the reactivity of platelets to thrombin. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In this study, platelet surface expression of GPIb alpha was monitored by means of flow cytometry, throughout standard storage of PCs for up to 10 days. Two thrombin- induced platelet responses, the binding of radiolabeled fibrinogen and the platelet surface expression of P-selectin, were evaluated. Thrombin- binding assays were also performed to assess the number of thrombin receptors in platelets. RESULTS: The surface expression of the GPIb/IX complex declines during storage of PCs. The thrombin-induced maximal binding of fibrinogen in platelets stored for 3, 7, and 10 days was 77 +/? 7 percent, 60 +/? 20 percent, and 34 +/? 25 percent, respectively, of that found in fresh platelets. Moreover, the concentration of thrombin needed for 50 percent of platelets to express the CD62 antigen P-selectin at the surface increased from 0.05 U per mL in fresh platelets to 0.11, 0.56, and 1.2 U per mL in platelets stored for 3, 7, and 10 days, respectively. Thrombin-binding experiments demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of high-affinity binding sites throughout storage of PCs (55 +/? 21 sites/platelet in 10-day-stored platelets vs. 73 +/? 25 in fresh platelets). A significant correlation was also observed between the number of high-affinity thrombin-binding sites and surface expression of GPIb alpha. Selective blockage of the thrombin-binding site on GPIb alpha with monoclonal antibody LJ-Ib10 also inhibited the response of fresh platelets to thrombin, up to a level equivalent to that found in 3-day-stored platelets. CONCLUSION: The loss of the GPIb alpha-located high-affinity thrombin-binding site may impair the ability of platelets to become activated by thrombin as storage time increases.     

河南省5所院校学生的亚健康状况

目的:调查河南省5所院校大学生亚健康的发生情况并分析其影响因素。方法:调查于2006-03/07在河南省5所高校完成。选择郑州大学、河南农业大学、河南财经学院、新乡医学院和安阳工学院五所不同专业院校1～4年级的大学生为对象进行亚健康调查。根据大学生"亚健康"主要表现特征,参照相关文献中关于亚健康状态的各种表现,自行设计亚健康调查表。每项问题后都有很好、稍差、明显差和很差或是没有、较少、较多和经常出现4种选项,以选择明显差、很差、较多和经常出现为亚健康标准。结果:共发放调查问卷2000份,收回有效问卷1990份。郑州大学、河南农业大学、河南财经学院、新乡医学院和安阳工学院5所大学亚健康人数分别为267,235,260,274,260人,亚健康的发生率分别为66.75%,59.34%,65.98%,68.50%,65.00%。不同专业院校大学生亚健康状态发生率与学习环境、专业特点、性别、城乡有关。亚健康的主要表现形式排在前3位的分别是长期持续疲劳,注意力难以集中,记忆力减退。在调查对象中,了解、听说过和不知晓亚健康的人数分别为441,340,1209人,占总人数的比例分别为22.16%,17.08%,60.75%。结论:大学生中相当一部分人存在亚健康状况,而社会、学习环境与心理、生活方式和人际关系等是导致大学生亚健康状况的主要因素。应正确引导大学生预防和消除亚健康状态,培养和建立新的高教教学卫生理念。