Interleukin 1 as a tumor cytostatic mediator released from tumor ascites-treated macrophages

Peritoneal macrophages from DBA/2 mice, elicited by injection of Corynebacterium parvum (C.p.), were in vitro activated to Eb tumor cytostasis by incubation with tumor-induced ascites that was harvested 7 days after intraperitoneal Eb injection. The active cytostasis-mediating compound was found to be interleukin 1 (IL 1). When tumor ascites was fractionated according to molecular weight size, the most active IL 1-inducing fraction was found to comprise molecules of greater than 100,000 daltons. The data show that tumor-bearing hosts are capable of producing compounds that induce a high IL 1 secretion which may enable macrophages to mount an antiproliferative effect against tumor cells.     

淋巴结血管内T细胞淋巴瘤1例报道及文献复习

目的　探讨血管内淋巴瘤 (IVL)的临床病理特征。方法　对 1例腹股沟淋巴结IVL临床、病理组织学及免疫表型进行观察分析并复习文献。结果　男性 31岁 ,不明原因高热伴消瘦 5 0天 ,右腹股沟直径 1cm淋巴结 1枚 ,B超示肝脏轻度增大 ,血LDH明显升高伴ESR及转氨酶轻度升高 ,外周血WBC 3 3× 10 7/L ,骨髓像、多种病原及各肿瘤相关抗原检测均无异常。病理活检 :腹股沟淋巴结大部分破坏 ,代之以大量扩张的中小血管 ,腔内充满大量异型淋巴样细胞 ,局部伴管壁、管周浸润并累及结外脂肪组织。瘤细胞免疫表型CD4 5、CD4 5RO、CD3阳性 ,CK、CD6 8、CD79α、CD2 0均阴性 ,血管壁及内皮细胞CD31、CD34阳性。行CHOP化疗后症状缓解 ,现仍在随访中。结论　IVL是一罕见的非霍奇金淋巴瘤 ,好发于中枢神经系统及皮肤 ,其他部位少见 ,绝大数为B细胞型 ,T型罕见 ,以浅表淋巴结活检确诊者尚无报道。临床表现有一定提示性 ,确诊靠组织病理学检查 ,部分病例对化疗敏感 ,但多数病例预后差     

音猬因子的功能受体斑片在培养神经干细胞中的表达

目的　观察在培养的神经干细胞内是否有发育调控分子———音猬因子 (sonichedgehog)功能受体———斑片 (patched)表达。　方法　神经干细胞克隆在体外培养传代后 ,用patched的特异性引物对培养的神经干细胞进行RT PCR分析 ,PCR产物经克隆测序后 ,用地高辛标记克隆的探针 ,对神经干细胞进行原位杂交分析。　结果　神经干细胞克隆内大量的细胞均可表达sonichedgehog的功能受体patched ,patched阳性细胞间未见明显差别 ,克隆边缘与中央的patched分布也未见明显差别。　结论　sonichedgehog信号传导路可能在神经干细胞的增殖与分化过程中起重要作用。     

Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase/P504S overexpression in colorectal carcinoma is correlated with tumor differentiation.

Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR)/P504S is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of branched-chain fatty acids. Little is known about correlation of AMACR expression with colorectal carcinoma (CRC) differentiation and prognosis. We investigated the expression of AMACR in 106 cases of primary CRC, and in 47 lymph nodes with metastatic CRC by immunohistochemical analysis. These cases were divided into 3 groups according to the histologic differentiation of the primary tumors. group A included 50 cases of histologically well and moderately differentiated CRCs, 20 of these with lymph node metastasis; group B included 23 cases of well and moderately differentiated CRCs, histologically similar to group A, except these tumors had small foci (less than 20%) of high-grade carcinoma, and 10 of these had lymph node metastasis; group C included 33 cases of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma, 17 with lymph node metastasis. The results showed the overall positive rates of expression in primary and metastatic CRCs were 59.4% and 46.8%, respectively. Expression in groups A (76.0%) and B (69.6%) was much higher than that in group C (27.3%). In group B, although overexpression of AMACR in primary tumors was similar to that of group A, it was only seen in 30.0% of group B metastatic tumors, which was similar to the rate of expression in group C (23.5%). In contrast, rates of expression in group A primary and metastatic tumors were similar (80.0% and 75.0%). Positive staining for AMACR in benign epithelium adjacent to tumor was rare (<2%). No relation was found between AMACR expression and overall survival. Our findings support the view that the expression of AMACR in CRC is correlated with tumor differentiation.     

Synthesis and thermal properties of poly(enaminonitriles) containing flexible ether units

Poly(enaminonitriles) containing flexible alkyl ether units were prepared by reacting p-bis(1-chloro-2,2-dicyanovinyl)benzene with various α,ω-bis(4-aminophenoxy)alkanes in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). All the polymers are soluble in polar aprotic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and NMP as well as in common organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and acetone. High molecular weight polymers possessing inherent viscosities in the range of 0.82–1.20 dL/g were obtained and tough films were cast from a DMF solution. They showed a large exotherm around 340°C attributable to the chemical changes of the dicyanovinyl group. Thermogravimetric analyses exhibited a good thermal stability with a 10% weight loss around 450°C and 73–88% residual weight at 500°C under nitrogen.     

Sex-Dependent Effects of 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone on Metabolic Health Are Associated with Alterations in the Host Gut Microbiome

7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (DHF) is a naturally occurring flavonoid that has been reported to protect against a variety of pathologies. Chronic administration of DHF prevents high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in female, but not male, mice. However, the mechanisms underlying this sexual dimorphism have not been elucidated. We have discovered that oral DHF supplementation significantly attenuates fat mass, hepatic lipid accumulation, and adipose tissue inflammation in female mice. In contrast, male mice were not protected from adiposity, and had a paradoxical worsening of hepatic lipid accumulation and adipose tissue inflammation upon DHF supplementation. Consistent with these sexually dimorphic effects on body weight and metabolic health, 7,8-DHF induced early and stable remodeling of the female intestinal microbiome. DHF supplementation significantly increased gut microbial diversity, and suppressed potentially detrimental bacteria, particularly Desulfovibrionaceae, which are pro-inflammatory and positively associated with obesity and inflammation. Changes in the female gut microbiome preceded alterations in body weights, and in silico analyses indicated that these early microbial changes were highly predictive of subsequent weight gain in female mice. While some alterations in the intestinal microbiome were also observed in male DHF-supplemented mice, these changes were distinct from those in females and, importantly, were not predictive of subsequent body weight changes in male animals. The temporality of microbial changes preceding alterations in body weight in female mice suggests a role for the gut microbiome in mediating the sexually dimorphic effects of DHF on body weight. Given the significant clinical interest in this flavonoid across a wide range of pathologies, further elucidation of these sexually dimorphic effects will aid the development of effective clinical therapies.     

Incidence and risk factors of suicide among patients diagnosed with bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Patients with bladder cancer have a high risk of suicide. This study aimed to assess how bladder cancer increases suicide risk and to identify the demographic and clinical factors associated with suicidal death among patients with bladder cancer. Methods: Literature search of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Sciences and Cochrane Library databases was conducted up to April 2020 to identify eligible studies related to the incidence and risk factors of suicide after bladder cancer diagnosis. Summary multivariate-adjusted risk estimates and their associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using inverse variance method with random or fixed-effect modeling. Results: Five retrospective cohorts comprising 563,680 patients with bladder cancer were included. Higher risk of suicide by 1.90-fold was observed among patients with bladder cancer (hazard ratio, HR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.29–2.81; P = 0.001; I² = 81.2%), especially in those aged 70 years or older (HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.29–1.43; P < 0.001; I² = 0%), unmarried (HR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.61–1.83; P < 0.001; I² = 0%), and those with regional bladder cancer (HR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.10–3.21; P = 0.021; I² = 96.3%), compared with those without bladder cancer. Furthermore, gender and race were not associated with increased suicide risk among patients with bladder cancer. Conclusions: Suicide risk is increased among patients with bladder cancer, particularly those aged 70 years or older, unmarried and those with regional bladder cancer. Hence, early psychological support must be provided during the follow-up period of these special populations with a high suicide risk.     

Computed Tomography Evaluation of Forearm and Hand Muscles in Patients With Distal Radius Fracture

Introduction: Computed tomography (CT) can be used to assess bone status with measurement of Hounsfield unit (HU). The objective of this study was to evaluate whether HU of muscle might be associated with parameters of bone and muscle status. Methods: We reviewed 71 women aged over 50 yr of age who had distal radius fracture and underwent CT evaluation of affected wrist. We assessed HUs of forearm flexor muscles (flexor digitorum superficialis) and thenar muscles and bone HUs at the capitate and the ulnar head. Other parameters included femur neck and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD), upper extremity lean mass, hand grip strength, and muscle fiber cross-sectional area. We performed correlation analyses to determine associations between variables. Results: Thenar and forearm muscle HUs were significantly correlated with each other, but not with other parameters. HUs of the capitate and ulnar head were positively correlated with femur neck and lumbar BMDs and inversely correlated with age. Ulnar head HU was positively correlated hand grip strength. Conclusions: HUs of forearm and thenar muscles did not show significant correlations with bone or muscle parameters, although bone HUs correlated well with bone mineral densities. These results support the opportunistic use of CT for evaluating bone fragility. Clinical usefulness of muscle HU measurement needs further studies.     

The Effect of Providing Audiovisual Surgical Information on Decisional Conflict in Patients Undergoing Plate Fixation for Distal Radius Fractures

BackgroudPatients experiencing acute trauma have limited time for their involvement in shared decision making, which may lead to decisional conflict. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether providing audiovisual surgical information can reduce decisional conflict when deciding between surgical and nonsurgical treatment in patients with distal radius fractures (DRFs) and to evaluate factors that may affect decisional conflict.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 50 consecutive patients who presented with acute DRFs and chose to undergo surgery, for which volar plate fixation was recommended. We randomized these patients into 2 groups. The test group was given a video clip of audiovisual surgical information in addition to regular information while the control group was only given regular information. The video clip consisted of the purpose, procedure, and effect of the surgery, precautions and complications after the operation, and other treatment options that could be performed if operation was not performed. At 2 weeks after the surgery, we evaluated patients'' decisional conflict using a decisional conflict scale (DCS). In addition, we evaluated factors that might affect decisional conflict, such as age, dominant hand, comorbidities, history of previous operations, perceived disability, and provision of the video clip.ResultsThe test group showed significantly lower DCS scores than the control group (19.6 vs. 32.1, p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, younger age and provision of the video clip were associated with lower DCS scores.ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated that providing information through audiovisual media such as video clips could reduce decisional conflict in patients who chose to undergo plate fixation for DRFs. This study also suggests that older patients may need more careful doctor-patient communication as they have more decisional conflict than younger patients.