喉癌中EGFR基因扩增、表达及临床意义

目的研究喉癌中表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因的扩增、表达,探讨其在喉癌发生、发展中的作用及临床意义。方法采用差异PCR(differential PCR)方法检测40例喉鳞状细胞癌及配对癌旁正常组织中EGFR基因的扩增(即基因拷贝数增加);应用RT-PCR方法检测EGFR mRNA水平;应用SPSS13.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果喉癌组织中有13例(占32.5%)EGFR基因拷贝数增加,癌旁对照组中则未检测到(χ2=15.537,P<0.005);喉癌组织中EGFR mRNA平均积分光密度为872.356±62.340,癌旁对照组为346.425±57.380(t=5.959,P<0.001);喉癌组织分化程度越低,病理分期越晚,EGFR基因扩增和mRNA表达水平越高(P<0.05)。结论喉癌中EGFR基因在DNA水平上的扩增是EGFR mRNA过表达的原因之一,EGFR的扩增和过表达在喉癌的发生、进展中发挥一定作用。     

肿瘤抗原冲击致敏的IL-2基因修饰的巨噬细胞治疗肾癌的实验研究

目的 :观察体外肿瘤抗原冲击致敏的白细胞介素 2 (IL 2 )基因修饰的巨噬细胞对肾癌小鼠的治疗效果并探讨其相关的免疫机理。方法 :通过重组腺病毒的介导 ,将IL 2基因转入新鲜分离的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞 ,经肿瘤抗原冲击致敏后回输治疗原位肾癌小鼠 ,采用 4h5 1 Cr释放法检测脾脏NK和CTL活性。结果 :IL 2基因修饰的巨噬细胞经肿瘤抗原冲击后体内回输可使肾癌小鼠肺转移结节明显减少 ,存活期明显延长 ,40 %肾癌小鼠达到长期存活。治疗后荷瘤小鼠脾脏NK和CTL活性显著提高。结论 :IL 2基因修饰的巨噬细胞经肿瘤抗原冲击后自体回输是治疗肾癌的有效方法。     

临床分离铜绿假单胞菌β-内酰胺类耐药相关基因的研究

目的 调查临床分离铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aerugirtosa，Pa）β-内酰胺类耐药相关基因的流行状况。方法 采用VITEK-32全自动微生物系统对26株临床分离的Pa进行抗生素敏感试验，PCR方法检测11种β-内酰胺酶和外膜蛋白oprD2编码基因。结果 26株PaTEM、IMP、OXA的阳性率分别为42．3％、30．8％、3．8％，oprD2基因缺失高达92．3％，而SHV、CTX-M-1、PER、VEB、GES、VIM、DHA、MIR基因均阴性。结论 我院临床分离Pa对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药的主要原因为产TEM、IMP型β-内酰胺酶和缺失外膜蛋白oprD2。     

三种烤瓷贴面牙体预备的临床修复效果评价

:【目的】评价 3种烤瓷贴面 (PLV)牙体预备的近期临床效果。【方法】根据贴面形态和覆盖牙体范围将PLV牙体预备分为I型、L型和U型 3种 ,用于着色牙和前牙间隙、缺损等修复 ,PLV采用长石质PLV瓷系统制作 ,双重固化树脂粘结系统粘结 ,观察 6～ 2 2个月 ,考察 3种牙体预备类型的适应证、最终美学效果、粘接强度及牙本质敏感性等。【结果】 35例 2 0 3个瓷贴面修复后形态、颜色满意 ,美学效果佳 ;无脱落 ,仅局部崩折 2例 ,近期粘接效果满意 ;备牙时牙本质暴露率达 95 16 % ,粘固后牙本质过敏症状不同程度缓解。【结论】合理选择适应证、足够的牙体制备及高强度树脂粘结系统 ,可保证 3种牙体预备类型均能使PLV获得良好的外形、满意的颜色及可靠的临床近期粘接强度 ;但牙本质过敏问题应予重视     

髂内动脉注入鸦油乳对狗正常膀胱组织影响的研究

目的 为鸦油乳掏膀胱肿瘤生长提供组织学依据。方法 正常狗随机分为：注药组（７只）和对照组（３只）,分别经髂内动脉注入鸦油乳０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ、美蓝０．１ｍｌ／ｋｇ。１周后,随机活检膀胱各个部位作光镜及电镜观察。结果 注药组光镜可见粘膜上皮细胞脱落、坏死、肌层和浆膜充血、水肿、坏死以及急、慢性炎性细胞浸润;电镜发现在微血管内有鸦油乳微栓形成,并见细胞质膜结构的破坏。而对照组未发现明显变化。结论 鸦油乳     

鼠源性单克隆抗体F(ab′)2片段制备工艺

目的制备符合临床应用质量标准的鼠源性mAb F(ab′)2片段.方法采用胃蛋白酶消化小鼠腹水抗体,疏水作用色谱法纯化F(ab′)2片段的新工艺,替代原有的木瓜蛋白酶消化IgG,阴离子交换色谱法纯化的旧工艺.结果新工艺所制备的F(ab′)2 片段经SDS-PAGE检测纯度达98%以上,ABC免疫组化法测定免疫活性为1∶8000,回收率大于 50%,核酸含量及热原均合格,整个工艺流程可在48 h内完成.结论新工艺制备人用鼠源性mAb F(ab′)2片段更简便高效、安全实用,能够适应中试放大及大规模生产的要求.     

Occupational mortality of women aged 15-59 years at death in England and Wales.

STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to analyse occupational mortality differences among women using follow up data from a large nationally representative sample. DESIGN--Occupational information was obtained from the 1971 census records of women in the Longitudinal Study carried out by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS) and related to their subsequent mortality in the period between the 1971 and 1981 censuses. SETTING--In the Longitudinal Study, census, vital statistics, and other OPCS records are linked for a 1% sample of the population of England and Wales. The women studied in this paper were drawn from the 513,071 persons in the 1971 census who were included in the Longitudinal Study and whose entries were traced at the National Health Service Central Register by 1977. PARTICIPANTS--The analysis was based on 77,081 women aged 15-59 years in the Longitudinal Study for whom occupational information was collected in the 1971 census (99% of whom were in paid employment in the week before the census). There were 1553 deaths among these women in the follow up period analysed here. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Numbers of deaths in each occupational group at census were compared to those expected on the basis of age specific death rates among all women in the study. "Professional, technical workers, and artists" had significantly low mortality while "Engineering and allied trades workers nec" had significantly high mortality. Among the latter, cancer mortality of electrical production process workers was extremely high. A number of other cause specific associations (which appear to confirm proportionate Decennial Supplement analyses) were suggested by the data; examples include high levels of mortality from ischaemic heart disease among cooks, lung cancer and respiratory disease among charwomen and cleaners, and accidents, poisonings, and violence among several groups of professional and technical workers. CONCLUSIONS--By using prospective follow up from the census, occupational differences in mortality can be identified among women in paid employment. As follow up of this study continues, numbers of deaths available for analysis will increase, allowing increasingly comprehensive analyses to be undertaken.     

Selection and mortality differentials.

The Office of Population Censuses and Surveys Longitudinal Study provides reliable mortality data by a much wider range of characteristics than are available for other national sources. Although it is based on only a 1% sample of the population, it broadens the scope of mortality analysis and permits study of changes in relationships using different aspects of the time dimension. Data from this study have made us increasingly aware of the importance of selection to the interpretation and understanding of observed mortality differentials. Here we focus on that aspect of selection called "health-related mobility," which is associated with the relative health of people acquiring or losing individual characteristics. It is suggested that, for characteristics affected by health-related mobility, mortality differentials would narrow or widen with increased duration of follow-up. One of the basis of this argument the contribution of health-related mobility to mortality differentials by economic position and social class, to regional differentials, and to family and household differentials is investigated. Selection can thus be shown to operate when people change economic position, when they migrate, or when they change marital status. While the effects of these selection processes can be shown to contribute to social class gradients they do not explain regional differentials and contribute only to a limited degree to differentials by marital status. Differentials by household circumstances also reflect the product of selection processes.     

膀胱移行细胞癌微卫星不稳定性及其机制的研究

目的　探讨膀胱移行细胞癌 (BTCC)染色体微卫星不稳定性的表现及与基因突变的关系。方法　采用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)方法检测 4 0例 BTCC患者 5个微卫星位点的改变 ,同时用同样的方法检测癌组织中BAX基因和转化生长因子 (TGF) - β 型受体基因移码突变的情况。结果　至少发生一个微卫星位点改变的阳性率为 82 % (33/ 4 0 ) ,D9S16 2、D16 S4 76、D9S5 4、FGA和干扰素 (IFN) - A1位点改变各自的阳性率分别为 5 8%(2 3/ 4 0 )、 4 2 % (17/ 4 0 )、 38% (15 / 4 0 )、 4 8% (19/ 4 0 )和 5 5 % (2 2 / 4 0 ) ,阳性检出率与良性病变差异有显著性 ,与肿瘤的分期分级无显著相关性。发生微卫星改变的 33例中 ,33% (11/ 33)和 4 2 % (14 / 33)分别可见 TGF- β 型受体基因和 BAX基因的移码突变。结论　检测染色体微卫星的改变是 BTCC早期诊断、监测复发的有效手段 ,染色体微卫星改变可能是 BTCC发生过程中多基因突变的一种表现形式     

软式膀胱尿道镜检查技巧

目的 :提高软式膀胱尿道镜检查的技术水平。方法 :报告软式膀胱尿道镜检查的成功经验及所遇问题。结果 :软式膀胱尿道镜对膀胱、尿道的观察均具有明显的优势 ,可完成活检、插管、取异物等多项操作。结论 :软式膀胱尿道镜检查痛苦小 ,可替代硬式膀胱尿道镜 ,使用广泛 ;熟练掌握软式膀胱尿道镜的操作技巧是检查成功及延长使用寿命的关键