全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1886篇 |
免费 | 109篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 10篇 |
儿科学 | 43篇 |
妇产科学 | 100篇 |
基础医学 | 225篇 |
口腔科学 | 10篇 |
临床医学 | 135篇 |
内科学 | 473篇 |
皮肤病学 | 20篇 |
神经病学 | 235篇 |
特种医学 | 97篇 |
外科学 | 220篇 |
综合类 | 63篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 109篇 |
眼科学 | 35篇 |
药学 | 143篇 |
中国医学 | 2篇 |
肿瘤学 | 82篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 29篇 |
2020年 | 18篇 |
2019年 | 29篇 |
2018年 | 26篇 |
2017年 | 17篇 |
2016年 | 9篇 |
2015年 | 21篇 |
2014年 | 49篇 |
2013年 | 62篇 |
2012年 | 82篇 |
2011年 | 119篇 |
2010年 | 61篇 |
2009年 | 49篇 |
2008年 | 100篇 |
2007年 | 75篇 |
2006年 | 91篇 |
2005年 | 86篇 |
2004年 | 72篇 |
2003年 | 60篇 |
2002年 | 68篇 |
2001年 | 52篇 |
2000年 | 61篇 |
1999年 | 56篇 |
1998年 | 42篇 |
1997年 | 36篇 |
1996年 | 36篇 |
1995年 | 21篇 |
1994年 | 26篇 |
1993年 | 23篇 |
1992年 | 44篇 |
1991年 | 49篇 |
1990年 | 54篇 |
1989年 | 43篇 |
1988年 | 51篇 |
1987年 | 29篇 |
1986年 | 26篇 |
1985年 | 19篇 |
1984年 | 25篇 |
1983年 | 17篇 |
1982年 | 16篇 |
1981年 | 12篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1979年 | 13篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1970年 | 8篇 |
1969年 | 9篇 |
1968年 | 6篇 |
1967年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有2003条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Erin M. Buckley Jennifer M. Lynch Donna A. Goff Peter J. Schwab Wesley B. Baker Turgut Durduran David R. Busch Susan C. Nicolson Lisa M. Montenegro Maryam Y. Naim Rui Xiao Thomas L. Spray A.G. Yodh J. William Gaynor Daniel J. Licht 《The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery》2013,145(1):196-205.e1
82.
83.
84.
Depth of myometrial invasion in stage I adenocarcinoma of the endometrium is recognized as a prognostic factor for lymph node metastasis and overall survival. To determine if depth of myometrial invasion estimated by gross examination correlated with final histologic depth of invasion, we retrospectively reviewed all cases of surgical stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma treated at our institution between July 1985 and July 1988. Of the 113 evaluable patients, 63 had grade 1 lesions, 37 grade 2 lesions, and 13 grade 3 lesions. The depth of invasion was accurately determined by gross examination in 55 of 63 (87.3%) grade 1 lesions, 24 of 37 (64.9%) grade 2 lesions, and only 4 of 13 (30.8%) grade 3 lesions. Thus, gross examination of fresh tissue to estimate depth of myometrial invasion in endometrial adenocarcinoma is less reliable as the grade of the tumor increases. Alternative methods, such as frozen section, should be considered when evaluating depth of invasion, especially when this affects intraoperative decisions regarding lymph node sampling. 相似文献
85.
Eigenbrodt ML Fuchs FD Hutchinson RG Paton CC Goff DC Couper DJ 《Preventive medicine》2000,31(1):81-89
BACKGROUND: Several investigators have suggested that drinking cessation occurs because of poor health which may bias studies on the benefit or risk of alcohol consumption. METHODS: Drinking status, level of alcohol consumption, and two measures of health (perceived health and physician diagnosed chronic disease status) were determined from exams 1 (1987-1989) and 3 (1993-1995) on 12,562 African- and European-American participants, who were aged 45-64 years at exam 1 in the ARIC Study. For those in good health at exam 1, logistic regression analyses were used to model the association between health decline and drinking change at exam 3. RESULTS: Among the total population, drinking cessation was significantly more common among those who reported poor health at exam 3, and nondrinkers were unlikely to begin drinking regardless of exam 3 health. Using different measures of health status resulted in associations whose strength and significance varied with ethnicity and, in some cases, by gender. CONCLUSION: While the current data do not prove that the health decline occurred prior to drinking cessation, our findings support the hypothesis that poor health results in drinking changes which could potentially bias studies of alcohol's benefit and risk even when lifetime abstainers are used as the reference group. 相似文献
86.
Keith J. Stelzer MD PhD Wui-Jin Koh MD Benjamin E. Greer MD Joanna M. Cain MD Hisham K. Tamimi MD David C. Figge MD Barbara A. Goff MD Thomas W. Griffin MD 《American journal of obstetrics and gynecology》1995,172(6):1881-1888
Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate the contribution of intraoperative radiation therapy in the management of recurrent cervical cancer.Study design: Twenty-two patients were treated with electron beam intraoperative radiation therapy for recurrent cervical cancers that were confined to the pelvis but were too extensive to be adequately treated by radical surgery alone. All patients underwent extensive surgical dissection for exposure and maximal tumor resection. Doses of intraoperative radiation therapy ranged from 14 to 27.8 Gy (median 22 Gy). Twelve patients received intraoperative radiation therapy to address gross residual disease, and 10 patients were treated for microscopically positive or close surgical margins.Results: The five-year disease-specific survival and local control rates were 43% and 48%, respectively. There were trends toward better local control and disease-specific survival in patients with microscopic residual disease compared with those with gross residual disease. Seven patients had peripheral neuropathy related to treatment, and four of these cases resolved.Conclusion: In carefully selected cases intraoperative radiation therapy contributes to radical salvage of patients with recurrent cervical cancer involving the pelvic wall. 相似文献
87.
Beverly A. Teicher Sylvia A. Holden Norman P. Dupuis Yoshihiro Kakeji Masahiko Ikebe Yasunori Emi Donna Goff 《Breast cancer research and treatment》1995,36(2):227-236
Summary The ability of the antiangiogenic agents TNP-470 and minocycline, singly or in combination, to potentiate the antitumor effects of several cytotoxic therapies was assessed in the murine EMT-6 mammary carcinoma as well as in two drug resistant sublines of that tumor designated EMT-6/CTX and EMT-6/CDDP.The antiangiogenic agents alone or in combination did not alter the growth of the tumors. However, their administration along with cyclophosphamide, CDDP, or thiotepa substantially increased the tumor growth delay produced by these cytotoxic therapies in tumors responsive to the drugs — the increase was about 2-fold for TNP-470 and minocycline together. In drug resistant tumors, treatment with the antiangiogenic agents did not reverse drug resistance but did increase the effect of the cytotoxic drugs.Treatment with TNP-470/minocycline also increased the oxygenation of each of the three tumors. Thus, TNP-470/minocycline administration increased the efficacy of fractionated radiation therapy, especially when used along with a perflubron emulsion oxygen delivery agent/carbogen.These results indicate that treatment regimens including therapies directed toward the proliferating normal cells within a tumor mass as well as therapies directed toward the malignant cells can produce improved outcomes. 相似文献
88.
James M. Goff Mark Molloy Maureen T. Debbas Douglas A. Hale David P. Jaques 《Journal of surgical oncology》1995,59(1):18-20
Approximately 80% of breast biopsies are performed for what proves to be a benign process. The patients who undergo these procedures should continue screening with breast physical examination and mammography. The long-term impact of breast biopsy on these screening modalities has not been well studied. We performed a prospective, follow-up evaluation in 63 patients who underwent needle localization biopsy with benign histology at our institution between 6 and 7 years ago. This evaluation consisted of a directed history, breast physical examination, and follow-up mammogram. Two patients (3%) had undergone mastectomy for an interval breast cancer; 17 others (28%) had undergone subsequent biopsies. No patient had changes on physical examination of the biopsy site. All mammograms were evaluated as normal or as having benign abnormalities. Excisional breast biopsy does not generally produce long-term changes affecting the interpretation of breast physical examination or mammography. 相似文献
89.
Recently, several groups have published new information regarding the origins and structure of the vitreous humour, and the inner limiting lamina (ILL) of the retina. This short article provides an overview of this new information. It is proposed that vitreous proteins are derived from several different cell types with the posterior half of the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium being prominent in the expression of several connective tissue macromolecules. In addition, some basement membrane macromolecules are also expressed by the ciliary body and may subsequently be assembled on the surface of the Müller cells to form the ILL. New data suggest that the posterior half of the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium has substantial secretory activity and is likely to play a pivotal role in eye development. 相似文献
90.
Lentiviral transduction of green fluorescent protein in retinal epithelium: evidence of rejection 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Doi K Hargitai J Kong J Tsang SH Wheatley M Chang S Goff S Gouras P 《Vision research》2002,42(4):551-558
This paper demonstrates lentiviral transduction of the humanized form of the Aequoria victoria gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP) into human fetal retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in vitro and rabbit RPE in vivo.In vitro GFP expression of cultured human fetal RPE begins within two to three days after 12-16 h of maintained exposure to the virus at titers of 10(8)-10(9) infectious units (IU)/ml. Both stationary and dividing cells are transduced using a lenti viral vector with a cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter. Expression remains stable for at least three to four months without evidence of toxicity and continues through cell division.In vivo expression is followed non-invasively in rabbit eye using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO), which can detect single fluorescing retinal cells. In vivo expression begins within a few days after a viral solution is introduced into the subretinal space. A solution of 10(9) IU/ml produces fluorescence within three to four days. Less concentrated solutions lead to slower and less expression. No expression is detectable at concentrations of 10(6) IU/ml. Within one to two weeks after introduction of the viral solution, there is evidence of rejection seen by SLO as a loss of GFP fluorescence and disruption of the RPE. Histology shows damage to the RPE layer and monocytic cell infiltrates in the choroid and subretinal space within the area receiving the viral solution. Strong GFP expression leads to rejection within two weeks. With less expression, rejection is delayed and in some cases undetectable for at least six months. If the GFP gene is not included in the viral vector or if the viral concentration is insufficient to produce detectable GFP expression, rejection is not seen. Using a rhodopsin promoter or injecting the virus intra rather than subretinally produces weak expression and no rejection. Lentivirus can induce expression of a foreign gene in the RPE. Viral induced transduction and GFP expression have no effect on the viability of the RPE in vitro. Continued expression of GFP after cell division implies chromosomal integration of the gene. In vivo expression of GFP in RPE encounters rejection. Rejection may not occur with low GFP expression. The latter occurs with low viral titers, a rhodopsin promoter or intra-retinal injection of viral solution. The results are relevant to gene therapy in retina when gene transduction leads to the expression of foreign proteins. 相似文献