腺嘌呤核苷3′,5′-环甲基膦酸与硫代环甲基膦酸的合成

腺嘌呤核苷3′,5′-环磷酸(cAMP)在细胞增殖和分化过程中起重要作用,其磷酸部分的修饰物可能作为cAMP在体内的模拟物、拮抗物或贮存形式而发挥作用,还有的表现出抗癌作用。为进一步研究cAMP的磷酸部分修饰与生物活性间的关系,研究cAMP中磷原子的立体化学对生物活性可能的影响,我们设计了腺嘌呤核苷3′,5′-环甲基膦酸类     

Cranial neuronavigation-a step forward or a step aside in modern neurosurgery

Neuronavigation is a result of the introduction and integration of high technologies into modern neurosurgery. The method is becoming increasingly available, and more than ever, its ＂fashionable＂, ungrounded application （literally, in each neurosurgieal procedure） requires objective evaluation of its real usefulness. The aim of the present survey was to analyze the use of neuronavigafion in the general fields of modem cranial neurosurgery. The reliability of the classical method of brain lesion localization was compared to neuronavigated localization. We studied the neuronavigation assisted interventions in tumor surgery, skull-base surgery, biopsies, neuroendoseopy,functional neurosurgery, vascular neurosurgery and surgical procedures in the proximity of functionally important cortical zones. We showed the modem tendencies in neuronavigation and outlined the social and economic aspects of neuronavigation-assisted neurosurgery.     

交联型猪脱细胞真皮基质与自体微粒皮复合移植的临床应用

目的:观察交联型异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质与自体微粒皮复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤早期切痂创面的疗效。方法:选择2001-09/2006-10在珠海市人民医院暨南大学医学院第三附属医院整形烧伤科就诊的中面积和大面积深度烧伤患者16例共48个观测创面,患者均知情同意。患者于伤后3～5d休克期平稳渡过后行肢体创面切痂术,自体微粒皮移植组观测24个创面,均位于复合皮移植组创面的邻近或对侧肢体相同部位。①复合皮移植组:切痂创面用交联型异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质(由江苏启东医疗用品研究所提供) 自体微粒皮复合移植 异体皮覆盖。②自体微粒皮移植组:切痂创面用自体微粒皮移植 异体皮覆盖。术后6周异体皮脱落,两组散在肉芽创面行小邮票状皮片补充移植修复创面。术后定期观察创面愈合情况,计算创面愈合率及收缩率,并行创面组织学检测。结果:两组48个创面均进入结果分析,无脱落。①两组异体皮成活情况相近。②术后6周,复合皮移植组患者的创面愈合率均显著低于自体微粒皮移植组(P<0.05);经补充植皮后即术后8周两组创面愈合率差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。③移植术后6,8,12周,复合皮移植组患者的移植创面收缩率均显著低于自体微粒皮移植组[(10.28±2.36)%,(16.25±3.78)%;(15.68±1.79)%,(30.42±3.65)%;(22.07±1.39)%,(42.83±2.74)%(P<0.05)]。④术后8周组织学观察结果显示,复合皮移植组创面愈合处上皮化良好,胶原纤维排列有序,基底膜结构完整;自体微粒皮移植组上皮层仍较薄,细胞分化不良,真皮内胶原排列较紊乱。结论:交联型异种(猪)脱细胞真皮基质与自体微粒皮复合移植修复大面积深度烧伤早期切痂创面,能够抑制瘢痕增生,改善创面愈合质量,疗效满意。     

Bone mineral density in patients with recently diagnosed, active rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVES: Osteoporosis is a well-known extra-articular phenomenon in patients with uncontrolled, long-standing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In the present study, the extent of osteoporosis and reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and the disease-related and demographic factors that are associated with osteoporosis and reduced BMD were examined in patients with recently diagnosed, active RA. METHODS: BMD of the total hip and the lumbar spine was measured using dual-energy x ray absorptiometry in 381 patients with recently diagnosed active RA, who had never been treated with DMARDs or corticosteroids. Osteoporosis was defined as a T score 相似文献   

Limited efficacy of conventional DMARDs after initial methotrexate failure in patients with recent onset rheumatoid arthritis treated according to the disease activity score

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of subsequent disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapies after initial methotrexate (MTX) failure in patients with recent onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA), treated according to the DAS for 2 years. METHODS: In groups 1 and 2 of the BeSt study, 244 RA patients were initially treated with MTX 15-25 mg/week. Patients who discontinued MTX because of insufficient clinical response (disease activity score, DAS >2.4) or toxicity were classified as "MTX failures." In group 1, these patients switched to sulfasalazine (SSA), then leflunomide and finally to MTX + infliximab (IFX). In group 2, "MTX failures" added SSA to MTX, then hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), then prednisone, and eventually switched to MTX + IFX. "MTX successes" were patients who achieved a DAS 相似文献   

Patient preferences for treatment: report from a randomised comparison of treatment strategies in early rheumatoid arthritis (BeSt trial)

OBJECTIVE: To determine treatment preferences among patients with recent onset rheumatoid arthritis participating in a randomised controlled trial comparing four therapeutic strategies. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to all 508 participants of the BeSt trial, treated for an average of 2.2 years with either sequential monotherapy (group 1), step-up combination therapy (group 2), initial combination therapy with tapered high-dose prednisone (group 3), or initial combination therapy with infliximab (group 4). Treatment adjustments were made every 3 months to achieve low disease activity (DAS < or =2.4). The questionnaire explored patients' preferences or dislikes for the initial therapy. RESULTS: In total, 440 patients (87%) completed the questionnaire. Despite virtually equal study outcomes at 2 years, more patients in group 4 reported much or very much improvement of general health: 50%, 56%, 46% and 74% in groups 1-4, respectively (overall, P<0.001). Almost half of the patients expressed no preference or aversion for a particular treatment group, 33% had hoped for assignment to group 4 and 38% had hoped against assignment to group 3. This negative perception was much less prominent in patients actually in group 3. Nevertheless, 50% of patients in group 3 disliked having to take prednisone, while only 8% in group 4 disliked going to the hospital for intravenous treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of our retrospective study, patients clearly preferred initial combination therapy with infliximab and disliked taking prednisone. After actual exposure, this preference remained, but the perception of prednisone improved. Patient perceptions need to be addressed when administering treatment.     

Surgical treatment for pancreatic cancer

胰腺癌是一种预后很差的恶性肿瘤,85%的病人在确诊后12个月内死亡,5年生存率仅为1%～2%.胰腺癌预后差的原因主要包括(1)很难在疾病早期做出诊断;(2)当发现胰腺发生病变时,又很难对疾病进行正确分期;(3)外科手术治疗的并发症和死亡率仍然较高;(4)缺乏有效的肿瘤辅助治疗手段.胰腺癌的分期非常重要,它可以尽早地区分肿瘤可切除的病人与不可切除的病人,避免不必要的剖腹探查术.在过去的20年中,用于胰腺癌分期的影像学技术越来越多,取得了很大进步,它们包括超声探测,双相螺旋CT扫描,选择性脏器血管造影,内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影,超速核磁共振,以及腹腔镜检查.它们各有优缺点,需综合分析几项检查结果才能得出准确分期.随着诊断和外科手术技术的提高,尤其是在拥有胰腺专业外科医师的疾病治疗中心,胰十二指肠切除术的并发症和死亡率近20年有了明显下降,同时手术切除率和术后生存率也有稳步提高.Whipple手术虽然仍是壶腹周围癌的标准手术方式,但是越来越多的外科医师将保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术用于胰头癌的治疗,并证明它是一种安全、根治性切除手术.保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术术后生存率、局部复发和远处转移与Whipple手术一样,但是术后病人的生活质量、体重增加和社会活动能力都明显好于Whipple术后病人.全胰切除由于存在许多弊端,而且没有明显改善胰腺癌病人的预后,除非在特殊情况下,不宜使用.一些临床资料显示姑息性切除的病人预后优于不切除的病人,尤其是在术后第1年.扩大性淋巴结清扫是否可以提高5年生存率目前意见尚未统一,需要进一步临床前瞻性观察.虽然胰腺癌外科治疗取得了很大成绩,但是,目前一致认为单靠外科手术切除尚不能控制此疾病的进展.为了改善胰腺癌病人的预后,必须深入研究胰腺癌的生物学特性,及其对化疗、放射治疗和基因治疗等肿瘤辅助治疗的反应,并进行临床前瞻性观察.