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71.
72.
Sperm nitric oxide and motility: the effects of nitric oxide synthase stimulation and inhibition 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized from L-arginine by a family of enzymes
known as the nitric oxide synthases (NOS). We have recently shown a NOS
similar to constitutive brain NOS (bNOS) and endothelial NOS (ecNOS) to be
present in spermatozoa. The aim of this study is to investigate NO
production by human spermatozoa and the effects of stimulation and
inhibition of NOS. This was carried out using the Iso-NO, an isolated NO
meter and sensor, which provides rapid, accurate and direct measurements of
NO. Semen samples with normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic profiles were
prepared using a direct swim-up technique. Basal concentrations of NO and
stimulated NO production were measured after exposure to the calcium
ionophore (A23187; 0.01-10 microM) a potent activator of constitutive NOS.
NO production in human spermatozoa was significantly increased by the
addition of A23187 30 seconds after stimulation. Furthermore, this response
was greatly diminished by pre-incubating the samples with competitive
inhibitors of L-arginine, the substrate for NOS, before treatment with
calcium ionophore. In the presence of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester
(L- NAME), N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA) or N(G)-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA;
all at 10 microM), NO production was inhibited with a rank order of potency
L-NAME > L-NMMA > L-NA which is in accordance with the inhibition of
an endothelial type of constitutive NOS.
相似文献
73.
Marina Prigol César A. Brüning Benhur Godoi Cristina W. Nogueira Gilson Zeni 《Pharmacological reports : PR》2009,61(6):1127-1133
The present study investigated the anticonvulsive effect of the disubstituted diaryl diselenides diphenyl diselenide (PhSe)2, m-trifluoromethyl-diphenyl diselenide (m-CF3-C6H4Se)2, p-chloro-diphenyl diselenide (p-Cl-C6H4Se)2 and p-methoxyl-diphenyl diselenide (p-CH3O-C6H4Se)2 on a chemical model of seizure induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) in mice. (PhSe)2, (p-Cl--C6H4Se)2 and (p-CH3O-C6H4Se)2 did not abolish seizures induced by PTZ in mice. (m-CF3-C6H4Se)2 at the dose of 100 mg/kg significantly prolonged the latency of the onset of the first convulsive episode and reduced the number of animals that presented seizures. To investigate the possible mechanisms involved in the anticonvulsant effect of (m-CF3-C6H4Se)2, mice were submitted to different associations (all drugs in a sub-effective dose); aminooxyacetic acid hemihydrochloride (AOAA, a -aminobutyric acid (GABA)-T inhibitor), diazepam (a GABAAreceptor agonist) or DL-2, 4-diamino-n-butyric acid hydrochloride (DABA, an inhibitor of GABA uptake) were pre-administered together with (m-CF3-C6H4Se)2.(m-CF3-C6H4Se)2 + DABA abolished seizures induced by PTZ in mice. (m-CF3-C6H4Se)2 administered alone or with PTZ decreased the levels of GABA uptake in cerebral cortex slices. The present study demonstrates that (m-CF3-C6H4Se)2 exerts anticonvulsant action by decreasing the levels of GABA uptake. 相似文献
74.
75.
C. R. Cardoso G. Teixeira P. R. Provinciatto D. F. Godoi B. R. Ferreira C. M. Milanezi D. B. Ferraz M. A. Rossi F. Q. Cunha J. S. Silva 《Clinical and experimental allergy》2008,38(2):338-349
Background Hypersensitivity or uncontrolled responses against dietary antigens can lead to inflammatory disorders like food allergy and current models reflect a variety of causes but do not reveal the detailed modulation of gut immunity in response to food antigens after breakdown in mucosal tolerance. Objective To develop and characterize a murine model for food‐induced intestinal inflammation and to demonstrate the modulation of gut immune response by dietary allergenic antigens. Methods C57BL/6 mice were sensitized with peanut proteins, challenged with peanut seeds and their sera and gut segments were collected for subsequent analyses. Results Sensitization and challenged with peanut seeds led to alterations in gut architecture with inflammatory response characterized by oedema in lamina propria and cell infiltrate composed mainly by eosinophils, mast cells, phagocytes, natural killer and plasma cells, together with low percentage of γδ+ and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells in Peyer's patches. These animals also presented high levels of specific IgE and IgG1 in sera and modulation of mucosal immunity was mediated by increased expression of GATA‐3, IL‐4, IL‐13 and TNF‐α in contrast to low IFN‐γ in the gut. Conclusion A murine model for food‐induced intestinal inflammation was characterized in which modulation of gut immunity occurs by peanut antigens in consequence of T‐helper type 2 (Th2) allergic response and failure of regulatory mechanisms necessary for mucosa homeostasis, resembling food allergy. This work shed some light on the understanding of the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disorders and intolerance in the gut and supports the development of therapies for food‐related enteropathies like food allergy, focusing on gut‐specific immune response. 相似文献
76.
WT Cade DN Reeds KE Mondy ET Overton J Grassino S Tucker C Bopp E Laciny S Hubert S Lassa‐Claxton KE Yarasheski 《HIV medicine》2010,11(6):379-388
Objective
People living with HIV infection are at increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Safe and effective interventions for lowering CVD risk in HIV infection are high priorities. We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled study to evaluate whether a yoga lifestyle intervention improves CVD risk factors, virological or immunological status, or quality of life (QOL) in HIV‐infected adults relative to standard of care treatment in a matched control group.Methods
Sixty HIV‐infected adults with mild–moderate CVD risk were assigned to 20 weeks of supervised yoga practice or standard of care treatment. Baseline and week 20 measures were: 2‐h oral glucose tolerance test with insulin monitoring, body composition, fasting serum lipid/lipoprotein profile, resting blood pressures, CD4 T‐cell count and plasma HIV RNA, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF)‐36 health‐related QOL inventory.Results
Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures improved more (P=0.04) in the yoga group (−5 ± 2 and −3 ± 1 mmHg, respectively) than in the standard of care group (+1 ± 2 and+2 ± 2 mmHg, respectively). However, there was no greater reduction in body weight, fat mass or proatherogenic lipids, or improvements in glucose tolerance or overall QOL after yoga. Immune and virological status was not adversely affected.Conclusion
Among traditional lifestyle modifications, yoga is a low‐cost, simple to administer, nonpharmacological, popular behavioural intervention that can lower blood pressure in pre‐hypertensive HIV‐infected adults with mild–moderate CVD risk factors.77.
Background
Polyurethane (PU) foam is widely used as a model for cancellous bone. The higher density foams are used as standard biomechanical test materials, but none of the low density PU foams are universally accepted as models for osteoporotic (OP) bone. The aim of this study was to determine whether low density PU foam might be suitable for mimicking human OP cancellous bone. 相似文献78.
79.
80.
BACKGROUND: Increasing indications for warfarin therapy has led to
increased pressure on primary care to undertake therapeutic monitoring.
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates a primary care model of oral
anticoagulation monitoring which utilises computerized decision support
(CDSS) and near patient testing (NPT) within a practice nurse-led clinic.
Whilst this has been shown to be a successful model under trial conditions,
this paper reports the first data from a long-standing clinic, outside a
formal study. METHOD: A prospective evaluation of therapeutic and clinical
control of all patients taking warfarin within one inner city general
practice. Data were collected via CDSS. RESULTS: 29 patients were seen in
208 appointments. The mean percentage of patients within therapeutic range
was 72%. The costs to the practice were pound sterling 1751. The costs the
practice would have incurred had these patients been seen at the hospital
with the same frequency would have been pound sterling 2290. CONCLUSIONS:
The use of CDSS and NPT for nurse-delivered oral anticoagulation monitoring
could enable the safe transfer of the majority of patients from secondary
to primary care. Funding mechanisms to support the transfer of costs will
be essential for most practices, as will be the maintenance of adequate
staff training and quality assurance.
相似文献