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91.
Randomized Trial of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole versus Pyrimethamine-Sulfadiazine for Therapy of Toxoplasmic Encephalitis in Patients with AIDS 下载免费PDF全文
Donato Torre Salvatore Casari Filippo Speranza Alessandra Donisi Giampietro Gregis Antonio Poggio Sergio Ranieri Anna Orani Gioacchino Angarano Francesco Chiodo GianPaolo Fiori Giampiero Carosi the Italian Collaborative Study Group 《Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy》1998,42(6):1346-1349
The aim of the present pilot study was to compare the efficacy and safety of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) with those of the standard therapy pyrimethamine (P)-sulfadiazine (S) for the treatment of toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS. This was a pilot, multicenter, randomized, and prospective study. Patients were randomly assigned to receive TMP (10 mg/kg of body weight/day) and SMX (50 mg/kg/day) or P (50 mg daily) and S (60 mg/kg/day) as acute therapy (for 4 weeks) and then as maintenance therapy for 3 months at half of the original dosage. Seventy-seven patients were enrolled and randomized to the study: 40 patients were treated with TMP-SMX and 37 were treated with P-S. There was no statistically significant difference in clinical efficacy during acute therapy. In contrast, patients randomized to TMP-SMX appeared more likely to achieve a complete radiologic response after acute therapy. Adverse reactions were significantly more frequent in patients treated with P-S, and skin rash was the most common adverse event noted in these patients. In conclusion, the results of the study suggest that TMP-SMX appears to be a valuable alternative to P-S, in particular in patients with opportunistic bacterial infections. 相似文献
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94.
Stefano Bombardieri Clodoveo Ferri Ombretta Di Munno Giampiero Pasero 《International Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Research》1979,9(4):361-368
Summary Twenty-one of 30 patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC) had evidence of liver involvement. The liver disease
was characterized by the absence of clinical symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly, mild elevation of enzymes, abnormal BSP retention
and low albumin levels. Histology, available in 12 patients, showed either chronic persistent or chronic active hepatitis
or liver cirrhosis; 44% of the patients had HBsAg or HBsAb in sera and/or cryoglobulins, confirming the high frequency of
exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in EMC. However, liver lesions were similar in all patients, regardless of HBV
exposure. Since other factors usually associated with chronic liver diseases were absent or apparently irrelevant, it is temptative
to speculate that a ‘cryoglobulinemic hepatitis’ may exist as a distinct syndrome. The characteristic complement profile of
the patients with EMC (low CH50 and C4, normal C3PA), not related to albumin levels, can help to differentiate this disease from chronic liver disease without
cryoglobulins.
A preliminary report of this work was presented at the XIV International Congress of Rheumatology, San Francisco, Calif.,
USA, on June 27, 1977. 相似文献
95.
Nadja Klein Thomas Kneib Giampiero Marra Rosalba Radice Slawa Rokicki Mark E. McGovern 《Statistics in medicine》2019,38(3):413-436
Bivariate copula regression allows for the flexible combination of two arbitrary, continuous marginal distributions with regression effects being placed on potentially all parameters of the resulting bivariate joint response distribution. Motivated by the risk factors for adverse birth outcomes, many of which are dichotomous, we consider mixed binary-continuous responses that extend the bivariate continuous framework to the situation where one response variable is discrete (more precisely, binary) whereas the other response remains continuous. Utilizing the latent continuous representation of binary regression models, we implement a penalized likelihood–based approach for the resulting class of copula regression models and employ it in the context of modeling gestational age and the presence/absence of low birth weight. The analysis demonstrates the advantage of the flexible specification of regression impacts including nonlinear effects of continuous covariates and spatial effects. Our results imply that racial and spatial inequalities in the risk factors for infant mortality are even greater than previously suggested. 相似文献
96.
Pietrocola G Arciola CR Rindi S Di Poto A Missineo A Montanaro L Speziale P 《The International journal of artificial organs》2011,34(9):799-810
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most important class of innate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) by which host immune and non-immune cells are able to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Most mammalian species have 10 to 15 types of TLRs. TLRs are believed to function as homo- or hetero-dimers. TLR2, which plays a crucial role in recognizing PAMPs from Staphylococcus aureus, forms heterodimers with TLR1 or TLR6 and each dimer has a different ligand specificity. Staphylococcal lipoproteins, Panton-Valentine toxin and Phenol Soluble Modulins have been identified as potent TLR2 ligands. Conversely, the ligand function attributed to peptidoglycan and LTA remains controversial. TLR2 uses a MyD88-dependent signaling pathway that results in NF-kB translocation into the nucleus and activation of the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. Recognition rouses both an inflammatory response, culminating in the phagocytosis of bacteria, and an adaptive immune response, with the presentation of resulting bacterial compounds to T cells. Here, recent advances on the recognition of S. aureus by TLRs are presented and discussed, as well as the new therapeutic opportunities deriving from this new knowledge. 相似文献
97.
Reduced hippocampal 5HT1A PET receptor binding and depression in temporal lobe epilepsy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Theodore WH Hasler G Giovacchini G Kelley K Reeves-Tyer P Herscovitch P Drevets W 《Epilepsia》2007,48(8):1526-1530
Summary: Purpose: To study the relation of hippocampal 5HT1A receptor binding to symptoms of depression in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Depression is common in people with epilepsy, and reduced 5HT1A binding has been reported in patients with primary depressive disorders.
Methods: We studied 45 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy confirmed by ictal video-EEG recording. Mood was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Positron emission tomographic measurement of 5HT1A receptors was performed with 18F-FCWAY, a highly specific silent antagonist. 3D-T1-weighted MRI was used to correct for structural atrophy. Receptor distribution volume (V) was corrected for plasma tracer free fraction (f1).
Results: There was a significant inverse relation between ipsilateral hippocampal v/f1 and the BDI. For contralateral hippocampus, there was a nonsignificant trend. Patients with BDI > 20 had significantly lower ipsilateral hippocampal V/f1 than patients in the low and medium groups. There was no significant effect of the presence of mesial temporal sclerosis, focus laterality, or gender on the BDI.
Conclusions: Our study shows a relationship between hippocampal 5HT1A binding and depressive symptoms measured by the BDI in patients with epilepsy. The findings parallel results in patients with MDD. 相似文献
Methods: We studied 45 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy confirmed by ictal video-EEG recording. Mood was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Positron emission tomographic measurement of 5HT1A receptors was performed with 18F-FCWAY, a highly specific silent antagonist. 3D-T1-weighted MRI was used to correct for structural atrophy. Receptor distribution volume (V) was corrected for plasma tracer free fraction (f1).
Results: There was a significant inverse relation between ipsilateral hippocampal v/f1 and the BDI. For contralateral hippocampus, there was a nonsignificant trend. Patients with BDI > 20 had significantly lower ipsilateral hippocampal V/f1 than patients in the low and medium groups. There was no significant effect of the presence of mesial temporal sclerosis, focus laterality, or gender on the BDI.
Conclusions: Our study shows a relationship between hippocampal 5HT1A binding and depressive symptoms measured by the BDI in patients with epilepsy. The findings parallel results in patients with MDD. 相似文献
98.
Patriarca G Nucera E Pollastrini E Roncallo C De Pasquale T Lombardo C Pedone C Gasbarrini G Buonomo A Schiavino D 《Digestive diseases and sciences》2007,52(7):1662-1672
The possibility of obtaining oral desensitization in patients with food allergy is still a matter of debate. We decided to
evaluate the safety and efficacy of standardized protocols for oral desensitization with the most common food allergens. Forty-two
children (ages up to 16 years) diagnosed as affected by food allergy (on the basis of clinical history, skin prick tests,
measurement of specific IgE, and double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge) underwent a sublingual-oral desensitizing
treatment according to new standardized protocols. The control group consisted of 10 patients who followed an elimination
diet. The treatment was successfully completed by 85.7% of the patients. Specific IgE showed a significant decrease, while
specific IgG4 showed a significant increase, in all treated patients. The immunological modifications observed in our patients lead us
to hypothesize that oral tolerance may be mediated by the same mechanisms as those involved in traditional desensitizing treatments
for respiratory and insect sting allergy. 相似文献
99.
100.
Granata R Settanni F Biancone L Trovato L Nano R Bertuzzi F Destefanis S Annunziata M Martinetti M Catapano F Ghè C Isgaard J Papotti M Ghigo E Muccioli G 《Endocrinology》2007,148(2):512-529
Among its pleiotropic actions, ghrelin modulates insulin secretion and glucose metabolism. Herein we investigated the role of ghrelin in pancreatic beta-cell proliferation and apoptosis induced by serum starvation or interferon (IFN)-gamma/TNF-alpha, whose synergism is a major cause for beta-cell destruction in type I diabetes. HIT-T15 beta-cells expressed ghrelin but not ghrelin receptor (GRLN-R), which binds acylated ghrelin (AG) only. However, both unacylated ghrelin (UAG) and AG recognized common high-affinity binding sites on these cells. Either AG or UAG stimulated cell proliferation through Galpha(s) protein and prevented serum starvation- and IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis. Antighrelin antibody enhanced apoptosis in either the presence or absence of serum but not cytokines. AG and UAG even up-regulated intracellular cAMP. Blockade of adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A signaling prevented the ghrelin cytoprotective effect. AG and UAG also activated phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and ERK1/2, whereas PI3K and MAPK inhibitors counteracted the ghrelin antiapoptotic effect. Furthermore, AG and UAG stimulated insulin secretion from HIT-T15 cells. In INS-1E beta-cells, which express GRLN-R, AG and UAG caused proliferation and protection against apoptosis through identical signaling pathways. Noteworthy, both peptides inhibited cytokine-induced NO increase in either HIT-T15 or INS-1E cells. Finally, they induced cell survival and protection against apoptosis in human islets of Langerhans. These expressed GRLN-R but showed also UAG and AG binding sites. Our data demonstrate that AG and UAG promote survival of both beta-cells and human islets. These effects are independent of GRLN-R, are likely mediated by AG/UAG binding sites, and involve cAMP/PKA, ERK1/2, and PI3K/Akt. 相似文献