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61.
False-negative serological HLA-B27 typing results may be due to altered antigenic epitopes and can be detected by polymerase chain reaction 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Kirveskari J; Kellner H; Wuorela M; Soini H; Frankenberger B; Leirisalo-Repo M; Weiss EH; Granfors K 《Rheumatology (Oxford, England)》1997,36(2):185-189
Serological typing with the microlymphocytotoxicity test (MLCT) and flow
cytometry (FC) using HLA-B27 antisera is commonly used for the
determination of HLA-B27. However, in some patients tested more than once,
negative results have turned out to be positive at following
investigations. We retested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) samples from
20 randomly selected patients with reactive arthritis or Reiter's syndrome
who had now been followed for 20 yr. Ten of the patients were originally
tested to be HLA-B27 positive and 10 HLA-B27 negative by the MLCT. All 10
serologically HLA-B27 positive individuals were also positive in the PCR.
However, 2/10 patients interpreted as being HLA- B27 negative were positive
by PCR. At this time, the same two patients were also positive in the
routine MLCT and FC using four different monoclonal antibodies against
HLA-B27. PCR is superior to serological techniques to determine HLA-B27
positivity unequivocally, since it is based on the detection of HLA-B27
gene sequences.
相似文献
62.
Estey EH; Dixon D; Kantarjian HM; Keating MJ; McCredie K; Bodey GP; Kurzrock R; Talpaz M; Freireich EJ; Deisseroth AB 《Blood》1990,75(9):1766-1769
We administered recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (120 micrograms/m2/d by continuous intravenous [IV] infusion) to 12 patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at relatively high risk of early death during remission induction. GM-CSF began 3 days after completion of induction chemotherapy (ara-C 1.5 g/m2 d x 4 days by continuous IV infusion after a 3 g/m2 bolus). Rates of fatal infection (42%), pneumonia and/or sepsis (83%), and CR (50%) did not differ significantly (P less than .05) from those observed after administration of the identical chemotherapy without GM-CSF to 53 historical controls with newly diagnosed AML at similarly high risk of early death. There were no significant differences between the GM-CSF-treated and the historical groups in the time required to reach neutrophil counts of 500 or 1,000/microL after administration of chemotherapy. Four patients died of infection before they could have benefited from the earliest recovery of neutrophil count observed in patients who entered CR. Growth of leukemia after GM-CSF administration was observed in only 1 of the 8 patients who survived long enough for response to induction therapy to be fully evaluated. This observation suggests that it might be safe to undertake larger, randomized studies, perhaps using earlier administration of GM-CSF, to definitively determine the role of GM-CSF added to chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed AML. 相似文献
63.
2-chlorodeoxyadenosine induces durable remissions and prolonged suppression of CD4+ lymphocyte counts in patients with hairy cell leukemia 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3
A number of effective treatments are available for patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (2-CdA) induces more than 80% complete responses, but is associated with profound suppression of CD4+ lymphocyte counts. However, the duration of each is uncertain. We have analyzed a previously reported cohort of 40 patients who had responded to 2-CdA. Eight patients (20%) have relapsed at a median of 16 months (range, 3 to 23 months). The remaining 32 patients were observed for a median of 30 months (range, 7 to 43 months). No patients have died. At 3 years, the actuarial disease-free survival rate is 77% (95% confidence interval, 70% to 84%). The median CD4+ lymphocyte count before therapy was 743/microL (range, 58 to 2,201/microL). The median CD4+ nadir after treatment was 139/microL (range, 25 to 580/microL). There was a single opportunistic infection and no second malignancies observed. Although there was evidence of some improvement in CD4+ lymphocyte counts on sequential testing, CD4+ counts remained significantly lower than baseline (P < .0001) at a median of 23 months after therapy (median, 237/microL; range, 25 to 514/microL), and were also lower than baseline (P < .002) in those patients with more than 1 year of follow-up (median, 27 months; range, 13 to 42 months). The median time to reach an absolute CD4+ lymphocyte count of 365/microL, the lower limit of the normal range, was 40 months. Although responses to 2-CdA are durable in the majority of patients with HCL, the uncertain long-term consequences of the observed CD4+ lymphocytopenia suggest caution in the broad application of this therapy. 相似文献
64.
Carpenter EH; Plant MJ; Hassell AB; Shadforth MF; Fisher J; Clarke S; Hothersall TE; Dawes PT 《Rheumatology (Oxford, England)》1997,36(4):473-478
Stomatitis is a troublesome adverse effect of disease-modifying anti-
rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. This
review presents data to examine the incidence, clinical features and
consequences of DMARD-related stomatitis, and suggests an algorithm for its
clinical management. The specific objectives of the two studies presented
here were to determine the incidence of DMARD-related stomatitis and its
effect on DMARD continuation, and secondly to identify the clinical and
laboratory risk factors. We investigated two cohorts of patients: (i) a
retrospective survey of data collected from drug monitoring clinics run for
patients on DMARDs from 1987 to 1994 involving 1539 patients and 2394 drug
exposures; (ii) a prospective study of 25 consecutive RA patients
presenting with DMARD-related stomatitis compared to 29 RA controls with no
history of DMARD stomatitis. The retrospective survey showed that 2% of
DMARD patients stopped therapy because of stomatitis, but 55% of these were
able to resume the same therapy. In the case control study. 24% of patients
discontinued temporarily and 8% permanently. Cases of DMARD-related
stomatitis differed from controls in that they had a higher incidence of
previous mouth ulcers (40% vs 14%), they smoked less (8% vs 31%) and
Schirmer's test was more often abnormal (44% vs 21%). There were no
differences in RA severity, disease activity or oral hygiene. Haematinic
deficiencies were equally common in cases and controls: 30% for iron, 8%
for vitamin B12 and 24% for folic acid. Herpes simplex virus was involved
in a minority (8%) of cases. In conclusion, the occurrence of stomatitis in
RA patients on DMARD should not lead to cessation of drug therapy, but to a
careful evaluation so that patients may be maintained on effective
treatment.
相似文献
65.
66.
Serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) are elevated in a number of pathological conditions associated with angiogenesis, including tumor growth. Because the increased levels of sICAM-1 suggested that it may be angiogenic, we tested the ability of sICAM-1 to promote angiogenesis. Human recombinant sICAM-1 stimulates chemokinetic endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell tube formation on Matrigel, and sprouting of aortic rings. sICAM-1 also mediates angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Additionally, we found a Mr 49,000 molecule that binds to sICAM-1 that may be the surface ligand on endothelial cells. The evidence that sICAM-1 has angiogenic activity suggests a possible role linking inflammation and neovascularization. Furthermore, sICAM-1 may enhance tumor growth by promoting angiogenesis and escape from immunosurveillance. 相似文献
67.
68.
Morgane Besson David Belin Ruth McNamara David EH Theobald Aude Castel Victoria L Beckett Ben M Crittenden Amy H Newman Barry J Everitt Trevor W Robbins Jeffrey W Dalley 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2010,35(2):560-569
Previous research has identified the nucleus accumbens (NAcb) as an important brain region underlying inter-individual variation in impulsive behavior. Such variation has been linked to decreased dopamine (DA) D2/3 receptor availability in the ventral striatum of rats exhibiting spontaneously high levels of impulsivity on a 5-choice serial reaction time (5-CSRT) test of sustained visual attention. This study investigated the involvement of DA D2/3 receptors in the NAcb core (NAcbC) and the NAcb shell (NAcbS) in impulsivity. We investigated the effects of a DA D2/3 receptor antagonist (nafadotride) and a DA D2/3 partial agonist (aripiprazole) infused directly into either the NAcbC or NAcbS of rats selected for high (HI) and low (LI) impulsivity on the 5-CSRT task. Nafadotride increased significantly the level of impulsivity when infused into the NAcbS, but decreased impulsivity when infused into the NAcbC of HI rats. By contrast, intra-NAcb microinfusions of aripiprazole did not affect impulsivity. Systemic administration of nafadotride had no effect on impulsive behavior but increased the number of omissions and correct response latencies, whereas systemic injections of aripiprazole decreased impulsive and perseverative behavior, and increased the number of omissions and correct response latencies. These findings indicate an opponent modulation of impulsive behavior by DA D2/3 receptors in the NAcbS and NAcbC. Such divergent roles may have relevance for the etiology and treatment of clinical disorders of behavioral control, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and drug addiction. 相似文献
69.
Risk factors for adverse outcomes of bacterial meningitis 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
K GRIMWOOD TM NOLAN L BOND VA ANDERSON C CATROPPA EH KEIR 《Journal of paediatrics and child health》1996,32(5):457-462
Objective : To identify risk factors for adverse outcomes from bacterial meningitis.
Methodology : From a cohort of 166 children with bacterial meningitis who were studied prospectively, 130/158 (82%) survivors underwent neurological, neuropsychological, audiological and behaviour assessments 5–9 years following their illness.
Results : Major adverse outcomes included 8/166 (4.8%) deaths and severe neurological, intellectual or audiological sequelae in 11/130 (8.5%) children followed. Another 24 (18.5%) had cognitive, auditory or behaviour disorders. Bivariate analysis found age ≤12 months, tertiary referral, symptoms >24 h before diagnosis, seizures, focal neurological signs, deteriorating conscious state in hospital, Streptococcus pneumoniae infection and serum sodium concentration < 130 mmol/L were associated with adverse outcomes. Multivariate analysis showed age ≤12 months, symptoms >24 h, seizures after 72 h in hospital and focal neurological signs as independent risk factors. These were present in 18/19 (95%) children with major sequelae, but absent in 9/24 (37.5%) children with minor disabilities.
Conclusions : As minor disabilities following meningitis cannot be predicted, all survivors require assessment during their early school years. 相似文献
Methodology : From a cohort of 166 children with bacterial meningitis who were studied prospectively, 130/158 (82%) survivors underwent neurological, neuropsychological, audiological and behaviour assessments 5–9 years following their illness.
Results : Major adverse outcomes included 8/166 (4.8%) deaths and severe neurological, intellectual or audiological sequelae in 11/130 (8.5%) children followed. Another 24 (18.5%) had cognitive, auditory or behaviour disorders. Bivariate analysis found age ≤12 months, tertiary referral, symptoms >24 h before diagnosis, seizures, focal neurological signs, deteriorating conscious state in hospital, Streptococcus pneumoniae infection and serum sodium concentration < 130 mmol/L were associated with adverse outcomes. Multivariate analysis showed age ≤12 months, symptoms >24 h, seizures after 72 h in hospital and focal neurological signs as independent risk factors. These were present in 18/19 (95%) children with major sequelae, but absent in 9/24 (37.5%) children with minor disabilities.
Conclusions : As minor disabilities following meningitis cannot be predicted, all survivors require assessment during their early school years. 相似文献
70.