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41.
Previous studies have suggested a trait-like association between neighborhood deprivation and alcohol consumption. However, it is not known whether temporarily manipulating poverty and affluence states by exposure to stimuli signifying resource-scarcity or resource-wealth would influence alcohol-seeking behavior. Here, we aimed to investigate whether implicit exposure to affluence and poverty-related pictures would influence beer consumption. Participants in a “poverty” group viewed pictures depicting impoverished environments, and participants in an “affluence” group viewed images of wealthy environments. After priming, participants were provided with nonalcoholic beer (which they were told was alcohol-containing beer) and orange juice under the guise of a bogus taste test, to measure their alcohol-seeking behavior. Results showed that priming participants with a resource-scarce environment led to an increase in beer consumption (as a percentage of total fluid consumed), compared to priming with a resource-rich environment. The same pattern of results was obtained in both a Western European sample (Experiment 1) and a West Indian sample (Experiment 2). In Experiment 2, we also tested whether risk-taking behavior, measured by the Balloon Analogue Risk Task, was influenced by the environmental priming; no differences between groups were observed. These results provide the first experimental evidence that manipulation of poverty-affluence state, by brief exposure to pictures of impoverished or wealthy neighborhoods, can influence alcohol-seeking behavior in adult social drinkers. 相似文献
42.
This review presents a comprehensive picture of the zoonotic parasitic diseases in Egypt, with particular reference to their relative prevalence among humans, animal reservoirs of infection, and sources of human infection. A review of the available literature indicates that many parasitic zoonoses are endemic in Egypt. Intestinal infections of parasitic zoonoses are widespread and are the leading cause of diarrhea, particularly among children and residents of rural areas. Some parasitic zoonoses are confined to specific geographic areas in Egypt, such as cutaneous leishmaniasis and zoonotic babesiosis in the Sinai. Other areas have a past history of a certain parasitic zoonoses, such as visceral leishmaniasis in the El-Agamy area in Alexandria. As a result of the implementation of control programs, a marked decrease in the prevalence of other zoonoses, such as schistosomiasis and fascioliasis has been observed. Animal reservoirs of parasitic zoonoses have been identified in Egypt, especially in rodents, stray dogs and cats, as well as vectors, typically mosquitoes and ticks, which constitute potential risks for disease transmission. Prevention and control programs against sources and reservoirs of zoonoses should be planned by public health and veterinary officers based on reliable information from systematic surveillance. 相似文献
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Perri-Plandé Joelle Miremont-Salamé Ghada Micallef Joëlle Herman Cameron Baumevieille Marie Abriat Frédéric Lapeyre-Mestre Maryse Haramburu Françoise Daveluy Amélie 《Drug safety》2022,45(1):37-44
Drug Safety - Analgesics are among the most widely used drugs worldwide. This study describes the population treated with narcotic analgesics, their therapeutic indications and how the data have... 相似文献
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Hamada M. M. Sayed Ahmed Mahmoud Youssef Youssef M. Mosaad 《Clinical rheumatology》2010,29(11):1237-1243
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have increased mortality largely as a result of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) that cannot
be explained by traditional risk factors, suggesting that systemic inflammation may accelerate atherosclerosis. We investigated
the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in early RA (<12 months) and the possible association of RA-related risk factors.
Forty patients with early RA and 40 controls matched for age, sex, and traditional risk factors for CVD were selected. Carotid
US examination, assay of lipogram, C-reactive protein (CRP), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein antibodies (OxLDL-ab) were
done. RA patients had significantly higher carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) values and more plaque than the control (P < 0.001 and P = 0.0122, respectively). CRP and OxLDL-ab were significantly higher in RA patients than controls. Traditional risk factors
and RA-related risk factors (disease duration, DAS-28, duration of treatment with steroids, erythrocyte sedimentation rate,
and CRP) as well as OxLDL and cIMT were significantly higher in RA with plaques compared to those without plaques. Regression
analysis identified the age of patients, CRP, and OxLDL-ab as an independent risk factor associated with the presence of atherosclerosis.
Conclusion: there is increased prevalence of carotid plaques in patients with recent-onset RA compared to matched controls.
The accelerated atherosclerosis is predicted by age, CRP, and oxLDL-ab. The association of plaques with elevated CRP and OxLDL-ab
support the hypothesis that chronic systemic autoimmune inflammatory process is probably a driving force for premature atherosclerosis. 相似文献
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Rima Moghnieh Dania Abdallah Lyn Awad Tamima Jisr Anas Mugharbil Ali Youssef Hani Tamim Samer Khaldieh Oula Massri Najat Rashini Youssef Hamdan Ahmad Ibrahim 《Infection》2018,46(6):823-835