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Marika A. Artz Johannes M. M. Boots Gerry Ligtenberg Joke I. Roodnat Maarten H. L. Christiaans Pieter F. Vos Philip Moons George Borm Luuk B. Hilbrands 《American journal of transplantation》2004,4(6):937-945
Long-term use of cyclosporine after renal transplantation results in nephrotoxicity and an increased cardiovascular risk profile. Tacrolimus may be more favorable in this respect. In this randomized controlled study in 124 renal transplant patients, the effects of conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus on renal function, cardiovascular risk factors, and perceived side-effects were investigated after a follow-up of 2 years. After conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus renal function remained stable, whereas continuation of cyclosporine was accompanied by a rise in serum creatinine from 142 +/- 48 micromol/L to 157 +/- 62 micromol/L (p < 0.05 comparing both groups). Conversion to tacrolimus resulted in a sustained reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and a sustained improvement in the serum lipid profile, leading to a reduction in the Framingham risk score from 5.7 +/- 4.3 to 4.8 +/- 5.3 (p < 0.05). Finally, conversion to tacrolimus resulted in decreased scores for occurrence of and distress due to side-effects. In conclusion, conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus in stable renal transplant patients is beneficial with respect to renal function, cardiovascular risk profile, and side-effects. Therefore, for most renal transplant patients tacrolimus will be the drug of choice when long-term treatment with a calcineurin inhibitor is indicated. 相似文献
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Jeremy John Wright Gerry O'driscoll 《The Journal of heart and lung transplantation》2005,24(3):343-346
A 59-year-old man developed a lower respiratory tract infection 10 years after orthotopic cardiac transplantation. He did not respond to broad-spectrum antibiotic and antifungal treatment. Parainfluenza virus type 3 was the causative organism, and he was successfully treated with intravenous ribavirin and methylprednisolone. 相似文献
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Anderson RA; Evans LW; Irvine DS; McIntyre MA; Groome NP; Riley SC 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(12):3319-3325
Follistatin is a binding protein for the activin and inhibin family of
hormones, regulating their biological activity. In the male reproductive
tract, the interaction of these factors is likely to be involved in the
regulation of the proliferation of several cell types. We have investigated
the presence of follistatin and activin A in seminal plasma using specific
immunoassays and have localized follistatin and activin/inhibin subunits in
the adult human testis, prostate and seminal vesicle to establish their
likely sources. High concentrations of immunoreactive follistatin were
present in seminal plasma in normal men (mean 97.9 ng/ml; 1.43 ng/ml in
peripheral plasma) and were similar in men with oligo/azoospermia and
following vasectomy. Follistatin immunoreactivity was localized to both
Leydig and Sertoli cells of the testis, and to epithelial cells of the
prostate gland and seminal vesicle, which are likely to be the predominant
sources of the hormone in seminal plasma. Activin A was also present in
seminal plasma in normal men but was undetectable following vasectomy, thus
deriving from the testis. Consistent with this finding, the betaA-subunit
was immunolocalized in Sertoli and Leydig cells but was not present in
seminal vesicle or prostate gland. The functional significance of the high
concentrations of follistatin secreted into seminal plasma by the prostate
gland and/or seminal vesicle is uncertain, but they may regulate the
biological activity of testis-derived activin A and inhibin B.
相似文献
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The 16-18 year period is a crucial time for the personal and professional development of young people. Over the past ten years a range of educational innovations have been introduced which are having a profound effect on many in this age group including National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs) based on nationally agreed standards of professional competence and intended as occupational awards. More recently, General National Vocational Qualifications (GNVQs) have developed beyond the pilot stage, adding a broader vocational perspective and providing enhanced opportunities for progression to higher education. These have opened the door to new opportunities for progression to higher education for the 16 18 age group. The new qualifications are more easily identified through comparison with the corresponding and more traditional qualifications, as shown in table one. Traditionally, British universities have had a history of fairly high completion rates owing to stringent entry requirements and full funding for students. This is not the case in the vocational education system where access to GNVQ and NVQ programmes is facilitated through less rigid entry requirements, and, particularly in relation to GNVQs, the students tend to be school-leavers. In addition, the vocational awards are complex in terms of structure and make considerable demands on student autonomy. While the issue of student funding in vocational education is currently under review, students have not usually been funded through maintenance grants, though local education authorities have offered a small number of discretionary grants, usually to mature students. 相似文献