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991.
Yves Henchoz Joseph Studer Stéphane Deline Alexandra A. N’Goran Stéphanie Baggio Gerhard Gmel 《Behavioral medicine (Washington, D.C.)》2013,39(2):105-111
Among the negative consequences of video gaming disorder, decreased participation in sport and exercise has received little attention. This study aimed to assess the longitudinal association between video gaming disorder and the level of sport and exercise in emerging adult men. A questionnaire was completed at baseline and 15-month follow-up by a representative national sample of 4,933 respondents. The seven items of the Game Addiction Scale were used to construct a latent variable representing video gaming disorder. Level of sport and exercise was also self-reported. Cross-lagged path modeling indicated a reciprocal causality between video gaming disorder and the level of sport and exercise, even after adjusting for a large set of confounders. These findings support the need for better promotion of sport and exercise among emerging adults in order to contribute to the prevention of video gaming disorder, and to raise the level of sport and exercise activity in addicted gamers. 相似文献
992.
Severin Haug Michael P Schaub Vigeli Venzin Christian Meyer Ulrich John Gerhard Gmel 《Journal of medical Internet research》2013,15(9)
Background
Problem drinking, particularly risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD), also called “binge drinking”, is widespread among adolescents and young adults in most Western countries. Few studies have tested the effectiveness of interventions to reduce RSOD in young people with heterogeneous and particularly lower educational background.Objective
To test the appropriateness and initial effectiveness of a combined, individually tailored Web- and text messaging (SMS)–based intervention program to reduce problem drinking in vocational school students.Methods
The fully automated program provided: (1) online feedback about an individual’s drinking pattern compared to the drinking norms of an age- and gender-specific reference group, and (2) recurrent individualized SMS messages over a time period of 3 months. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) analyses were used to investigate the longitudinal courses of the following outcomes over the study period of 3 months: RSOD, alcohol-related problems, mean number of standard drinks per week, and maximum number of standard drinks on an occasion.Results
The program was tested in 36 school classes at 7 vocational schools in Switzerland. Regardless of their drinking behavior, 477 vocational school students who owned a mobile phone were invited to participate in the program. Of these, 364 (76.3%) participated in the program. During the intervention period, 23 out of 364 (6.3%) persons unsubscribed from participating in the program. The GEE analyses revealed decreases in the percentage of persons with RSOD from baseline (75.5%, 210/278) to follow-up assessment (67.6%, 188/278, P<.001), in the percentage of persons with alcohol-related problems (20.4%, 57/280 to 14.3%, 40/280, P=.009), and in the mean number of standard drinks per week: 13.4 (SD 15.3) to 11.3 (SD 14.0), P=.002. They also revealed a trend toward a decrease in the mean of the maximum number of drinks consumed on an occasion: 11.3 (SD 10.3) to 10.5 (SD 10.3), P=.08.Conclusions
The results show high acceptance and promising effectiveness of this interventional approach, which could be easily and economically implemented within school classes. 相似文献993.
Susanne M. A. Lens Robert M. J. Keehnen Marinus H. J. van Oers Ren A. W. van Lier Steven T. Pals Gerrit Koopman 《European journal of immunology》1996,26(5):1007-1011
CD27, which belongs to the tumor necrosis-factor receptor family, is expressed on germinal center (GC) but not on naive B cells, suggesting an important function of this molecule in the regulation of the GC reaction. We described here the expression of CD70, which is the ligand for CD27. We observed that in most tonsils, CD70 is only expressed on part of the IgD?, CD38? B cell population, which have been described as memory B cells. However, in 10 % of the tonsils tested, CD70+ IgD+ GC were found. The CD70+ GC B cells were small cells that also expressed CD44 and CD39, but were CD10? and CD38?, suggesting that they represent very recent immigrants that are in the process of forming a GC. The concordant expression of CD27 and its ligand CD70 on this primordial subset of GC B cells suggests an important role for CD27/CD70 interaction at this stage of GC formation. 相似文献
994.
de Leeuw Renato; Mulders John; Voortman Gerrit; Rombout Ferdy; Damm Jan; Kloosterboer Lenus 《Molecular human reproduction》1996,2(5):361-369
After separation by means of preparative isoelectrofocusing,the isohormones of a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived recombinantfollicle stimulating hormone (rFSH, Puregon®) were characterizedwith respect to structural and functional features. A carbohydrateanalysis revealed that rFSH isohormones with a low isoelectricpoint (pI) have a high sialic acid/galactose ratio and are richin tri- and tetra-antennary N-linked carbohydrate chains incomparison with the high pI isohormones. The relative basicisohormones exhibit receptor binding activity and intrinsicbioactivity 23-fold higher than the relative acidic isohormones.However, due to their lower clearance rate these acidic isohormonesdisplayed a 20-fold higher in-vivo bioactivity in the rat. Acomparison of the isohormone profile of rFSH and urinary FSH(Metrodin®) revealed that rFSH contains about 2-fold morebasic isohormones with pl 相似文献
995.
Background
High volumes of alcohol consumption and risky single occasion drinking (RSOD) among university students have been shown to be associated with considerable harm to both those who consume alcohol and their fellow students. The vast majority of these studies are based on US and Canadian samples.Aim
The present article provides an overview of the characteristics of alcohol-consuming university students in Europe.Method
65 relevant articles published within the last 20 years using European student populations could be identified.Results
Sociodemographic, individual, social, and university-related characteristics associated with alcohol consumption patterns could be identified. Male students, in particular, tended to consume alcohol more often and in higher quantities, including RSOD. Students consumed alcohol chiefly during social gatherings and for social and enhancement motives. Those without family obligations and those living alone, with roommates or in areas with a high density of students were more likely to consume alcohol in higher quantities, and to engage in RSOD. Students tend to overestimate the extent of their fellow students' alcohol consumption.Conclusions
Health promotion and prevention efforts which focus on these characteristics (i.e., gender, drinking motives, living conditions and social norms), and which have been successful and evaluated among university students in the US and Canada, may also be very promising for their European counterparts. 相似文献996.
Joost W. van der Heijden Ruud Oerlemans Paul P. Tak Yehuda G. Assaraf Maarten C. Kraan George L. Scheffer Conny J. van der Laken Willem F. Lems Rik J. Scheper Ben A. C. Dijkmans Gerrit Jansen 《Arthritis \u0026amp; Rheumatology》2009,60(3):669-677
Objective
To determine whether multidrug‐resistance efflux transporters are expressed on immune effector cells in synovial tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and compromise the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) and leflunomide (LEF).Methods
Synovial tissue biopsy samples obtained from RA patients before treatment and 4 months after starting treatment with MTX (n = 17) or LEF (n = 13) were examined by immunohistochemical staining and digital image analysis for the expression of the drug efflux transporters P‐glycoprotein, multidrug resistance–associated protein 1 (MRP‐1) through MRP‐5, MRP‐8, MRP‐9, and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and the relationship to clinical efficacy of MTX and LEF was assessed.Results
BCRP expression was observed in all RA synovial biopsy samples, both pretreatment and posttreatment, but not in control noninflammatory synovial tissue samples from orthopedic patients. BCRP expression was found both in the intimal lining layer and on macrophages and endothelial cells in the synovial sublining. Total numbers of macrophages in RA patients decreased upon treatment; in biopsy samples with persistently high macrophage counts, 2‐fold higher BCRP expression was observed. Furthermore, median BCRP expression was significantly increased (3‐fold) in nonresponders to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) compared with responders to DMARDs (P = 0.048). Low expression of MRP‐1 was found on synovial macrophages, along with moderate expression in T cell areas of synovial biopsy specimens from one‐third of the RA patients.Conclusion
These findings show that the drug resistance–related proteins BCRP and MRP‐1 are expressed on inflammatory cells in RA synovial tissue. Since MTX is a substrate for both BCRP and MRP‐1, and LEF is a high‐affinity substrate for BCRP, these transporters may contribute to reduced therapeutic efficacy of these DMARDs.997.
Jaap Verweij André Planting Maria van der Burg Gerrit Stoter 《Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology》1992,118(8):606-608
Summary The ether lipid miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine) was orally given to patients with various tumours in a dose-finding study. All patients initially received a daily total dose of 100 mg, which in the absence of side-effects was increased to 150 mg and further to 200 mg. A total of 54 patients were entered and were evaluable for gastrointestinal toxicity. Nausea and vomiting were found to be dose-limiting; 22% of patients ultimately tolerated a dose of 100 mg, 59% tolerated a dose of 150 mg and 19% tolerated a dose of 200 mg. In addition 30% of patients developed renal dysfunction, which was thought to be related to the drug. No other toxities were observed. For further phase II studies it is recommended that one starts with a dose of 150 mg daily, divided over three administrations. 相似文献
998.
Petra Mooij Marieke A. Stammes Daniella Mortier Zahra Fagrouch Nikki van Driel Ernst J. Verschoor Ivanela Kondova Willy M. J. M. Bogers Gerrit Koopman 《Viruses》2021,13(2)
Infection with highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza virus in humans often leads to severe respiratory disease with high mortality. Experimental infection in non-human primates can provide additional insight into disease pathogenesis. However, such a model should recapitulate the disease symptoms observed in humans, such as pneumonia and inflammatory cytokine response. While previous studies in macaques have demonstrated the occurrence of typical lesions in the lungs early after infection and a high level of immune activation, progression to severe disease and lethality were rarely observed. Here, we evaluated a routinely used combined route of infection via intra-bronchial, oral, and intra-nasal virus inoculation with aerosolized H5N1 exposure, with or without the regular collection of bronchoalveolar lavages early after infection. Both combined route and aerosol exposure resulted in similar levels of virus replication in nose and throat and similar levels of immune activation, cytokine, and chemokine release in the blood. However, while animals exposed to H5N1 by combined-route inoculation developed severe disease with high lethality, aerosolized exposure resulted in less lesions, as measured by consecutive computed tomography and less fever and lethal disease. In conclusion, not virus levels or immune activation, but route of infection determines fatal outcome for highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza infection. 相似文献
999.
Rietjens JA van der Heide A Onwuteaka-Philipsen BD van der Maas PJ van der Wal G 《Social science & medicine (1982)》2005,61(8):1723-1732
In The Netherlands, there has been a continuing public debate about the acceptability and regulatory system for medical decision-making concerning the end of life. We studied attitudes of the Dutch general public towards different types of end-of-life decisions in various situations and compared them to attitudes of physicians. Questionnaires were mailed to 1777 members of the Dutch general public (response: 78%). A total of 391 Dutch physicians, including general practitioners, nursing home physicians and clinical specialists, were interviewed in person (response: 81%). In both the survey and physician interviews, questions were asked about attitudes towards active ending of life, terminal sedation, and increasing morphine with premature death as a likely consequence, using hypothetical cases of different patients. By logistic regression analysis, the differences between public and physicians' attitudes were assessed, as well as the associations between attitudes of the general public and their personal characteristics. Acceptance of active ending of life at the request of a terminally ill cancer patient was higher among the general public (85%) than among physicians (64%). For physicians, acceptance decreased to 36% for an incompetent adult, 11% for a patient without a serious disease, and 6% for a patient with dementia. For the general public, these percentages were 63%, 37%, and 62%, respectively. Between both groups, no differences were found in acceptance of terminal sedation and increasing morphine. For the general public, determinants of support for active ending of life were being non-religious, lower education, and having a single household. Acknowledging the observed differences in appreciation of end-of-life decision-making between the general public and physicians is important in doctor-patient communication and in public debate and policymaking. Continued monitoring of practices and informing the general public and policymakers about the clinical and ethical consequences of different types of end-of-life decisions is important. 相似文献
1000.
Increased numbers of small circulating endothelial cells in renal cell cancer patients treated with sunitinib 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Laura Vroling Astrid A. M. van der Veldt Richard R. de Haas John B. A. G. Haanen Gerrit Jan Schuurhuis Dirk J. Kuik Hester van Cruijsen Henk M. W. Verheul Alfons J. M. van den Eertwegh Klaas Hoekman Epie Boven Victor W. M. van Hinsbergh Henk J. Broxterman 《Angiogenesis》2009,12(1):69-79
Mature circulating endothelial cell (CEC) as well as endothelial progenitor populations may reflect the activity of anti-angiogenic
agents on tumor neovasculature or even constitute a target for anti-angiogenic therapy. We investigated the behavior of CECs
in parallel with hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in the blood of renal cell cancer patients during sunitinib treatment.
We analyzed the kinetics of a specific population of small VEGFR2-expressing CECs (CD45neg/CD34bright), HPCs (CD45dim/CD34bright), and monocytes in the blood of 24 renal cell cancer (RCC) patients receiving 50 mg/day of the multitargeted VEGF inhibitor
sunitinib, on a 4-week-on/2-week-off schedule. Blood was taken before treatment (C1D1), on C1D14, C1D28, and on C2D1 before
the start of cycle 2. Also plasma VEGF and erythropoietin (EPO) were determined. Remarkably, while CD34bright HPCs and monocytes decreased during treatment, CD34bright CECs increased from 69 cells/ml (C1D1) to 180 cells/ml (C1D14; P = 0.001) and remained high on C1D28. All cell populations recovered to near pre-treatment levels on C2D1. Plasma VEGF and
EPO levels were increased on C1D14 and partly normalized to pre-treatment levels on C2D1. In conclusion, opposite kinetics
of two circulating CD34bright cell populations, HPCs and small CECs, were observed in sunitinib-treated RCC patients. The increase in CECs is likely caused
by sunitinib targeting of immature tumor vessels.
Laura Vroling and Astrid A. M. van der Veldt contributed equally to this study. 相似文献