磷酸化信号传导与转录激活因子3在前列腺癌早期诊断中的应用

目的 探讨前列腺穿刺标本中磷酸化信号传导与转录激活因子3(P-STAT3)表达在前列腺癌(PCa)早期诊断中的应用价值.方法采用免疫组织化学方法检测接受重复穿刺的PCa患者初次穿刺未检出癌的标本(29例)、重复穿刺确诊PCa时的癌灶标本(29例)、重复穿刺确诊PCa时的非癌灶标本(29例)以及良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者初次穿刺标本(29例)中P-STAT3的表达.统计学分析其与临床诊断的相关性及对PCa发生的预测作用.结果 P-STAT3在PCa患者癌灶标本、非癌灶标本及初次穿刺标本中阳性表达率分别为93.1%(27/29)、82.8%(24/29)和86.2%(25/29),在BPH标本中阳性表达率为10.3%(3/29),前三者的阳性率明显高于后者(X2=60.123,P=0.000);如以初次穿刺标本中P-STAT3表达阳性作为PCa的诊断标准,该方法的敏感性为86.2%,特异性为89.7%.结论 检测穿刺标本P-STAT3表达可以作为前列腺穿刺活检的辅助诊断方法,用于PCa的早期诊断,预测PCa的发生.     

PINK1 mutations in sporadic early-onset Parkinson's disease.

Pathogenic PINK1 mutations have been described in PARK6-linked Parkinson's disease (PD) patients of Asian origin. However, data on the frequency of PINK1 mutations in sporadic early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) Asian patients are lacking. The objectives of this study were to report the frequency of PINK1 mutations of sporadic EOPD in an Asian cohort comprising of ethnic Chinese, Malays, and Indians, and to highlight a PINK1-positive patient who presented with restless legs symptoms. Eighty consecutive sporadic EOPD patients from the movement disorder clinics of two major tertiary institutions in the country were included. We performed sequence analysis of all the coding and exon-intron junctions of the PINK1 using specific primer sets. In addition, we genotyped polymorphisms detected from the analysis in a group of sporadic PD patients and controls. Three different mutations (two homozygous nonsense and one heterozygous missense) in the putative kinase domain were found in three patients, giving a 3.7% frequency of PINK1 mutations in our EOPD cohort. All the mutations were absent in 200 healthy controls. One patient with a novel homozygous nonsense PINK1 mutation presented unusually with restless legs symptoms. Separately, analysis of the frequency of four PINK1 polymorphisms in a group of sporadic PD and controls did not reveal any significant differences. We highlight a 3.7% frequency of PINK1 mutations in an Asian cohort (ethnic Chinese, Malay, and Indian) of EOPD. The phenotypic spectrum associated with PINK1-positive patients may be wider than previously reported. Polymorphisms of PINK1 do not appear to modulate risk of PD in our population.     

经单根冠状动脉与冠状静脉窦同时灌注心肌保护的实验研究

目的探讨经单根冠状动脉和冠状静脉窦（CS）顺行性／逆行性同时心肌灌注（SARC）的效果。方法将离体猪心分别经左前降支（LAD）、左回旋支（LCX）或右冠状动脉（RCA）中的1支和CS行SARC，再依次向动、静脉灌注通路内注入磁共振造影剂[钆喷替酸葡甲胺（Gd-DTPA）]。应用磁共振成像（MRI）检测心肌内造影剂的分布以及对非灌注冠状动脉回流液进行分析，评估心肌灌注效果。结果SARC期间经单根冠状动脉注入Gd-DTPA不但使其支配区域磁共振信号增强，而且其余2根非灌注冠状动脉的支配区域信号也增强（包括右心室游离壁）；而SARC期间经CS注入Gd-DTPA只引起非灌注冠状动脉支配区变亮，灌注冠状动脉的支配区和右心室游离壁的信号强度无改变。SARC期间非灌注冠状动脉收集的回流液速度分别为：LAD 10．5～17．7ml／min，LCX 9．7～15．2ml／min，RCA 4．7～7．8ml／min。结论经单根冠状动脉和CS同时灌注可以提供全面均匀的心肌灌注，足以防止非灌注冠状动脉支配区发生心肌缺血损伤。     

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour of the cervical vagus nerve in a neurofibromatosis type 1 patient.

One serious complication of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the development of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs). These malignancies often develop within pre-existing plexiform neurofibromas and their development is now thought to be associated with both tumour suppressor gene mutations and dysregulated growth factor signalling. Recent work demonstrates that the lifetime risk of malignant transformation is significantly greater than previously thought. Ionising radiation, a long-standing disease, particularly the presence of a large number of plexiform neurofibromas from an early age, are suggested risk factors. We present an NF1 patient who developed an MPNST of the cervical vagus nerve which was successfully treated with surgery. Close monitoring of patients with NF and a high level of suspicion towards rapidly enlarging and painful swellings is merited as these features may signify malignant transformation. Whether a positive history of MPNST in other affected family members predisposes the individual to a higher risk of malignant transformation is unclear.     

Cytokine-activated natural killer cells exert direct killing of hepatoma cells harboring hepatitis C virus replicons.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific impairments in host immunity have been described at multiple levels of the innate and adaptive response, which may lead to viral persistence in the majority of infections. Understanding of HCV-associated immune defects could lead to novel therapeutic advances. Natural killer (NK) cells, the major effector cells of the innate immune system, are functionally impaired in chronic HCV infection. It has been suggested that this phenotype is a result of virus-specific defects in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that regulate NK cell activity, as normal NK function is restored when they are stimulated ex vivo. In this study, we used human NK cell cytotoxicity assays to evaluate the activation-induced effects of NK cells on the HCV replicon-containing hepatic cells. We found that cytokine-activated NK cells were capable of inducing an HCV-associated, perforin/granzyme-dependent lysis of human hepatoma cells and that this required direct cellular contact and was independent of MHC class I expression levels. In contrast, on removal of cytokine stimulation, NK cells failed to exert any direct cytolytic effect on replicon targets. These findings suggest an important underlying mechanism by which NK cells control HCV infection and, with appropriate understanding of HCV-associated immune defects, could lead to novel therapeutic advances.     

静脉毒瘾者84例HGV感染状况

目的调查庚型肝炎病毒（ＨＧＶ）在静脉毒瘾者中的感染状况。方法采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）检测８４例静脉毒瘾者血浆标本。ＨＧＶＲＮＡ经热变性法提取后逆转录为ｃＤＮＡ，在ＨＧＶ５′非编码区（５′ＮＣＲ）设计两对引物进行巢式扩增，产物为２３８ｂｐ，并经限制性内切酶ＨｐａⅡ鉴定扩增产物来自ＨＧＶ。结果８４例中有１５例为ＨＧＶＲＮＡ阳性，阳性率为１７．９％。ＨＧＶＲＮＡ阳性病例中１１例合并丙型肝炎病毒感染（１１／１５）。结论静脉毒瘾者是ＨＧＶ感染的高危人群；不洁注射是获得ＨＧＶ感染的重要途径。     

中国汉坦病毒H82O5株G2糖蛋白基因的克隆及在真核细胞中的瞬时表达

从感染病毒乳鼠脑组织提取总RNA，采用RT－PCR和分子克隆技术将扩增到的G2糖蛋白基因插入含CMV启动子的pcDNA3.1/His质粒载体中，通过脂质体介导转染COS－7细胞，用SDS－PAGE、Western-blot及IFIA方法分别测定表达产物的相对分子量及特异性。结果证明获得正向插入的G2－pcDNA3.1/His重组表达质粒，表达产物的相对分子量为56ku，与理论预期大小一致，并且可与汉坦病毒H8205株的腹水抗体起特异反应。表明构建的G2－pcDNA3.1/His重组质粒所表达的蛋白为中国汉坦病毒株特有，能在哺乳动物细胞中表达并具有抗原性，重组质粒可应用于汉坦病毒的DNA疫苗研究。     

高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中阿莫西林浓度及药代动力学

高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中阿莫西林浓度及药代动力学谭力周继红罗楠袁倚盛（南京军区南京总医院中心仪器分析科，南京２１０００１）阿莫西林（ａｍｏｘｉｃｉｌｉｎ）为β内酰胺类抗生素，其抗菌谱广，口服受食物影响小，对大多数病人耐受性良好，因而在临床上得以广泛...     

颞叶癫痫手术时的皮质脑电描记

提要报告1980年10月至1992年6月间,在皮质脑电描记下手术治疗颞叶癫痫55例,前颞叶切除50例,杏仁核、海马切除5例。皮质脑电描记结果说明,颞叶癫痫的痫灶绝大多数来源于颞叶外侧皮质和颞叶内侧结构。术中皮质脑电描记可提供痫灶的精确部位和范围。