Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA and age-at-onset of patients with chronic kidney disease

Background The mitochondrial displacement loop （D-loop） accumulates mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） at a higher frequency than other regions of mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA）.We previously identified disease riskassociated SNPs in the D-loop of chronic kidney disease （CKD） patients; in this study,we investigated the association of age-at-onset and D-loop SNPs in CKD patients.Methods The D-loop region of mtDNA was sequenced in 119 CKD patients attending the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University between 2002 and 2008.The age-at-onset curve of the CKD patients was calculated using the KaplanMeier method at each SNP site,and compared using the log-rank test.Results The mean age of 119 CKD patients was （55.6±14.2） years,and 56.3% were males.The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） was （81.2±12.4） ml·min^-1·1.73 m^-2,with 79.8% （n=95） of patients having an eGFR 〈60 ml·min^-1·1.73 m^-2.All participants had an eGFR 〉30 ml·min^-1·1.73 m^-2.The age-at-onset for CKD patients who smoked was significantly lower than that of non-smoking CKD patients.The SNP sites of nucleotides 150C/T were identified for their association with age-at-onset using the log-rank test.The age-at-onset of patients with the minor allele T genotype was significantly lower than that of patients with the C genotype at the 150 SNP site （P=0.010）.Conclusions Genetic polymorphisms in the D-loop appear to be predictive markers for age-at-onset in CKD patients.Accordingly,the analysis of genetic polymorphisms in the mitochondrial D-loop may help identify CKD patient subgroups at high risk of early onset disease.     

人股动脉粥样硬化斑块中表皮型脂肪酸结合蛋白与脂肪酸合成酶的表达

目的:探讨表皮型脂肪酸结合蛋白(E-FABP)与脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)在人股动脉粥样硬化斑块中的表达变化及意义。方法:收集人股动脉粥样硬化斑块标本21例以及脾动脉标本13例(对照组),根据病理切片HE染色将斑块分为稳定斑块组9例和不稳定斑块组12例,分别应用免疫组化SP法和RT-PCR测定各组标本中E-FABP与FAS蛋白及mRNA的表达,分析动脉粥样硬化斑块中E-FABP与FAS蛋白及mRNA表达的关系。结果:3组中E-FABP与FAS蛋白及mRNA的表达差异均有统计学意义(F蛋白=35.554、125.843,P均<0.001;FmRNA=11.142、11.176,P均<0.001)。与对照组比较,动脉粥样硬化斑块中E-FABP、FAS蛋白及mRNA的表达增高(P<0.05),不稳定斑块组E-FABP、FAS蛋白及mRNA的表达高于稳定斑块组(P<0.05)。动脉粥样硬化斑块中E-FABP与FAS蛋白及mRNA的表达呈正相关(蛋白:r不稳定斑块组=0.907,P=0.001;r稳定斑块组=0.675,P=0.046;mRNA:r不稳定斑块组=0.650,P=0.022;r稳定斑块组=0.778,P=0.014)。E-FABP和FAS棕黄色颗粒主要沉积在炎性细胞和泡沫细胞浸润的区域。结论:E-FABP与FAS的表达上调可能与人股动脉粥样硬化的发生及斑块不稳定性有关。     

开展研讨式生物化学论坛,培养医学八年制学生科研思维能力

在医学基础课程学习阶段形成一定的科研思维体系,对医学八年制学生而言至关重要。笔者在医学八年制生物化学教学中,以理论课所教授知识为基础,引导学生提出问题,在老师的指导下开展研讨式论坛,从而培养学生形成自主科研思维体系,为今后全面提高科研创新能力打下坚实基础。     

Mining Health Social Media with Sentiment Analysis

With the rapid development of the Internet, more and more users utilize health communities (known as forums) to find health-related information, share their medical stories and experiences, or interact with other people in the communities. In this paper, we propose a framework to analyze the user-generated contents in a health community. The proposed framework contains three phases. First, we extract medical terms, including conditions, symptoms, treatments, effectiveness and side effects to form a virtual document for each question in the community. Next, we modify Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) by adding a weighted scheme, called conLDA, to cluster virtual documents with similar medical term distributions into a conditional topic (C-topic). Finally, we analyze the clustered C-topics by sentiment polarities, and physiological and psychological sentiment. The experiment results show that conLDA outperforms the original LDA, and can cluster relevant medical terms and relevant questions together. The C-topics clustered by conLDA are more thematic than those clustered by the original LDA. The results of sentiment analysis may provide a quick reference and valuable insights for patients, caregivers and doctors.     

医原性输尿管损伤18例临床分析

目的探讨医原性输尿管损伤的早期诊断和最佳治疗方案,提高手术成功率,减少合并症的发生。方法对1990至2005年18例19侧医原性输尿管损伤病例进行回顾性研究。分析治疗方法和预后及并发症之间的关系。结果15例早期发现患者中13例一期修复输尿管损伤;2例先行尿流改道,3个月后行修复手术成功。3例发现晚患者,3~10个月后手术,1例行肾切除,2例行一期修复手术。12例获得随访6~24个月,10例肾积水缓解。结论医原性输尿管损伤患者一般情况较好时,无论确诊时间早晚,均可考虑一期手术修复。     

国人耻骨肌孔和腹膜前间隙的应用解剖研究

目的 通过测量男性国人耻骨肌孔的面积,观察腹膜前间隙的解剖情况,为基于耻骨肌孔全覆盖理念的腹膜前间隙疝修补的手术方式提供解剖依据.方法 解剖男性国人尸体24具,其中新鲜尸体2具,共计48侧.测量耻骨肌孔的面积.观察腹膜前间隙的器官结构及其位置毗邻关系.结果 国人尸体耻骨肌孔的平均面积为(19.5±3.7)cm2,左右两侧的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).耻骨肌孔大小与骨盆大小无相关性,腹壁下动脉的一些分支发至腹膜前间隙,在耻骨肌孔处的腹膜前间隙内下方有盆底静脉丛,有收集盆底血流的静脉(髂耻支)汇人腹壁下静脉,外上方有髂动、静脉,腹壁下血管斜行跨过耻骨肌孔,并发出2～3支小分支.结论 本研究能为基于耻骨肌孔全覆盖理念的腹膜前间隙疝修补手术提供解剖学依据,为修补材料的改进提供数据,使之适合中国人的解剖构造.     

圆弧青霉提取物诱发人羊膜细胞程序外DNA合成及合成抑制的研究

从食管癌高发区河南省林县的粮食中,分离出5株圆弧青霉(Penicillium cyclopiumWestling)用大米做培养基,25℃培养两周,经氯仿:甲醇等连续提取后,得到棕褐色膏状提取物。用其中的4株,诱发出了人羊膜FL细胞株的程序外DNA合成(Unscheduled DNA Synthesis,UDS)与DNA合成抑制(DNA Synthesis Inhibition,DSI),与溶剂对照比较,具有显著性差异(P<0.05),并在一定程度上存在剂量效应关系;加S_9后,其生物学活性明显降低,推测此提取物中含有能引起人羊膜细胞DNA损伤的直接诱变剂。     

Melatonin protects N2a against ischemia/reperfusion injury through autophagy enhancement

Researches have shown that melatonin is neuroprotectant in ischemia/reperfusion-mediated injury.Although melatonin is known as an effective antioxidant,the mechanism of the protection cannot be explained merely by antioxidation.This study was devoted to explore other existing mechanisms by investigating whether melatonin protects ischemia/reperfusion-injured neurons through elevating autophagy,since autophagy has been frequently suggested to play a crucial role in neuron survival.To find it out,an ischemia/...     

眼罩在全脑血管造影患者中的应用

目的 研究脑血管造影过程中佩戴眼罩,对患者血压、心率、造影剂的用量、造影时间长短和术后焦虑情况的影响。方法 选取中国人民解放军陆军总医院神经外科动脉瘤栓塞术后复查脑血管造影的患者50例,随机分配至佩戴眼罩组和不佩戴眼罩组,术前、术中对患者血压及心率进行监测,计算术中脑血管造影时间及造影剂使用量,术后通过焦虑评分量表（SAS）对患者进行焦虑评分,比较两组之间差异有无统计学意义。结果 两组患者行脑血管检查前血压及心率均控制平稳,佩戴眼罩组术中血压及心率波动较小,造影时间相对用时较少,造影剂使用剂量减少,术后焦虑评分等级较低,与不佩戴眼罩组相比,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 脑血管造影过程中,佩戴眼罩可以减轻患者焦虑情绪,提高患者的配合程度,稳定血压、缩短造影时间和减少造影剂使用剂量,有助于该项检查的顺利进行。     

91种炎症蛋白与5种心血管疾病之间的因果关系：双样本孟德尔随机化研究

摘要 目的：通过采用孟德尔随机化(MR)方法和反向孟德尔随机化方法评估91种炎症蛋白与5种心血管疾病（动脉夹层、动脉瘤、冠心病、非风湿性瓣膜病和风湿性瓣膜病）之间的因果关系。 方法：使用来自欧洲人群的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）数据,利用孟德尔随机化（MR）方法和反向孟德尔随机化方法对 91 种炎症蛋白与5种心血管疾病之间的双向因果关系进行评估分析。MR分析方法包括inverse variance weighted (IVW)、Weighted median、MR-Egger、Simple Mode和Weighted mode。敏感性分析包括 Cochran''s Q 检验、MR-Egger 截距检验、MR-PRESSO 方法和 leave-one-out 方法。 结果：共有16种炎症蛋白可能与心血管疾病风险存在相关性,包括CCL20、CD5、CCL28、IL20RA、LAP-TGF-β1、TSLP、CST5、LIF、EIF4EBP1、CCL4、IL22RA1、IL-10、IL-17C、MCP-2/CCL8、NRTN和MCP-3/CCL7。此外,心血管疾病的进展可能会导致总共 10 种炎症蛋白水平的变化,包括 CCL11、IL-8、TNF-β、FGF19、IL10RA、FGF-21、IL10RB、β-NGF、CD5 和 MCP-1/CCL2。 结论：本研究结果表明,多种炎症蛋白与5种心血管疾病之间存在双向因果关系,证明了进一步研究各种炎症蛋白与上述心血管疾病之间的相关性存在更深入的研究空间。