Current and future status of ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome

Great progress has been achieved during the last 20 years inthe field of ovulation induction in patients with polycysticovary syndrome (PCOS). Clomiphene citrate remains the firstline of treatment for all anovulatory women with PCOS, sincein properly selected patients the cumulative pregnancy rateapproaches that in normal women. Human urinary gonadotrophinshave been used extensively for ovulation induction but the developmentof low-dose regimens has opened a new era in the managementof anovulation related to PCOS. This article discusses the mainadvantages and disadvantages of the principal methods and regimenscurrently used for ovulation induction in patients with PCOSincluding clomiphene citrate, gonadotrophins, pulsatile gonadotrophin-releasinghormone (GnRH) and GnRH agonists. It also discusses new drugsdiscovered recently, particularly recombinant gonadotrophinsand GnRH antagonists, and provides some thoughts regarding theiruse in future protocols. Finally, based on the discovery ofnew ovarian substances which specifically control luteinizinghormone (LH) secretion, this article develops assumptions onpossible implications of these substances in the pathophysiologyof PCOS and their potential use in the management of the syndrome.     

真菌感染在新生儿疾病中的护理方法探讨

目的探讨综合护理方法在新生儿真菌感染类疾病中的护理效果。方法回顾性总结我院收治的发生真菌感染类疾病新生儿的护理资料56例,按照护理方法不同分为两组:选择综合护理方法护理的30例为观察组,常规护理方法的26例为对照组,各组患儿分别在护理后按照本研究统计指标进行统计并比较差异性。结果观察组治愈29例(96.7%),死亡1例(3.3%);对照组治愈15例(57.7%),死亡11例(42.3%),两组护理结果差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对真菌感染新生儿治疗过程中,采取综合性护理措施(集中操作、加强监护、强化无菌意识和积极治疗等)具有更优秀的临床护理效果。     

实验性高胆固醇血症兔离体主动脉功能变化的研究

目的探讨高胆固醇血症对血管功能的影响。方法20只新西兰雄性兔随机分为2组正常饮食组(normal cholesterol,NC)10只及高胆固醇饮食组(hypercholesterol,HC)10只。4周后取出每只兔的降主动脉,5mm宽动脉环放置于含有25mlKreb液的组织－器官水浴系统中。分别测量游离血管对乙酰胆碱（10-10～10-5mol/L)的舒张反应及对去甲肾上腺素（10-10～10-5mol/L）的收缩反应。结果2组兔血胆固醇有显著差异,其中NC组（30.1±11.2）mg/dl,HC组（987.3±110.0)mg/dl(P<0.01);HC组血管对乙酰胆碱舒张反应与NC组比较明显减弱,HC组最大为（58.50±6.17）％,NC组最大为(103.2±6.9)％(P<0.01）;HC组血管对去甲肾上腺素反应增强,最大收缩力HC组为(4.15±0.56)g,NC组为(2.9±0.3)g(P<0.05）。2组动脉病理学检查无动脉硬化的改变。结论高胆固醇血症降低血管内皮依赖性舒张反应,增加血管对去甲肾上腺素的收缩反应。高胆固醇血症时血管内皮功能改变早于动脉粥样硬化的结构改变。     

2型糖尿病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与冠心病的关系

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine,Hcy）水平与冠心病是否相关。方法回顾性分析169例2型糖尿病并已行选择性冠脉造影的患者,按冠脉狭窄程度分为对照组,单支组,双支组和多支病变组,分析不同组别Hcy及其他临床生化指标。结果冠心病各亚组Hcy均高于对照组（P〈0.05）,Hcy随冠脉病变程度的加重而升高,多支病变组Hcy明显高于单支组,与之呈正相关（P〈0.05）;多元逐步回归分析显示血浆同型半胱氨酸与冠脉狭窄程度明显相关（P〈0.05）。结论2型糖尿病患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平升高有可能加重冠脉粥样硬化。     

The influence of the length of alkoxy side groups on the phase state of polydialkoxyphosphazenes

Polydialkoxyphosphazenes with different substituents varying from methoxy up to octoxy which contain only minor amounts (below 0,1 mol-%) of various defective units in their macromolecules were synthesized. It was shown that such polyphosphazenes with propoxy, butoxy and pentoxy side groups can exist in the mesomorphic state and that a defect content as low as about 2 mol-% prevents mesophase formation. In spite of high flexibility of the main chain, the polydialkoxyphosphazenes were found to gain the ability to crystallize only if the number of C atoms in the alkoxy substituents is higher than six.     

Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease and dual positivity for antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody in a patient with membranous nephropathy

We present the case of a 50-year-old man who underwent kidney biopsy for nephrotic syndrome. In addition to a membranous pattern, anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) staining was noted before manifestations of anti-GBM disease. Hematuria and renal failure ensued 2 weeks later. In addition, he had simultaneous circulating levels of anti-GBM antibody and both perinuclear (P-) and cytoplasmic (C-) antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA).