特拉唑嗪和氨氯地平联合用药与单一用药对中老年男性良性前列腺增生患者膀胱出口梗阻和生活质量改善的有效性比较

目的:观察特拉唑嗪联合氨氯地平治疗中老年男性良性前列腺增生患者膀胱出口梗阻疗效和生活质量改善情况,并与单一用药比较。方法:观察对象来自于2005-07/2006-02安庆及其周边地区应用特拉唑嗪联合氨氯地平治疗中老年原发性高血压人群,均知情同意参加本实验。其中637人入组,最终569人完成4周随访,选取基线国际前列腺症状评分≥8分;经腹部前列腺B超检查,前列腺体积≥π/6×2mL×3mL×4mL,年龄在50～75周岁的中老年男性患者272名作为观察对象。采用随机开放平行前瞻性试验,将所有研究对象随机分为5组:氨氯地平5mg组100名、特拉唑嗪1mg组29名、特拉唑嗪2mg组30名、氨氯地平5mg 特拉唑嗪1mg联合组55名和氨氯地平5mg 特拉唑嗪2mg联合组58名。每日餐前服用(时间约7:30～8:00)指定药物,连续服用4周。分别测量基线和随访4周后的国际前列腺症状评分、生活质量评分、最大尿流率和平均尿流率。结果:特拉唑嗪1mg组与特拉唑嗪2mg组,氨氯地平5mg 特拉唑嗪1mg联合组与氨氯地平5mg 特拉唑嗪2mg联合组在基线时的人口学特征以及服药4周后的疗效差异无显著性,所以合并为特拉唑嗪组,联合用药组。①治疗4周后,国际前列腺症状评分、平均尿流率在联合用药组的改善情况明显优于单独用药组(P<0.05)。②在生活质量评分和最大尿流率方面,联合用药也优于单独用药组,但差异无显著性(P>0.05)。③不良反应在各组间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:特拉唑嗪联合氨氯地平治疗中老年男性良性前列腺增生患者膀胱出口梗阻和生活质量改善的效果优于单一用药组;耐受性较好,无明显的不良反应。     

Black tea constituents, theaflavins, inhibit 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3- pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice

The present study investigated the inhibitory activity against lung tumorigenesis by a group of characteristic black tea polyphenols, theaflavins. In a short-term study, female A/J mice were treated with a single dose of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK; 103 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) on day 0, and 0.1 and 0.3% theaflavins were administered as the sole source of drinking fluid starting 24 h after NNK treatment. The proliferation index of the lung tissues was measured by the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunohistochemically. The highest NNK-induced proliferation rate of bronchiolar cells, observed on day 5, was significantly decreased by 0.3% theaflavins (proliferation index, 1.51 +/- 0.08 versus 2.35 +/- 0.16). In a long- term lung tumorigenesis study, pulmonary adenomas were observed in 100% (30/30) of the mice at week 16 after NNK treatment. Administration of theaflavins (0.1%) as the sole source of drinking fluid, starting 2 days after the NNK treatment until the termination of the experiment, significantly reduced the tumor multiplicity and volume by 23% (8.5 +/- 0.6 versus 6.5 +/- 0.6 tumors/mouse) and 34% (0.08 versus 0.05 mm3 per tumor), respectively. The proliferation index in lung adenomas was also significantly inhibited by theaflavins. The present work demonstrates the inhibitory action of theaflavins against NNK-induced pulmonary hyperproliferation and tumorigenesis.      

安徽安庆农村地区532例男性高血压人群糖代谢异常调查及危险因素分析

目的:原发性高血压人群常伴发糖代谢紊乱,而高血压合并糖代谢异常后可加速心血管并发症的发生发展,致残率和致死率较高.观察安庆农村地区高血压人群血糖代谢异常情况,并探讨可能的影响因素.方法:①试验对象:试验从2005-06/2006-02安徽安庆农村地区开展高血压的临床流行病学研究中选择调查对象532人,均为男性,年龄50～75岁.纳入标准:患者的血压符合1999年世界卫生组织高血压诊断标准,排除继发性高血压,严重心血管疾病及肝肾功能不全,严重胃肠疾病,糖尿病,甲亢,肿瘤及其他疾患,所有调查对象均自愿参加,并签署了知情同意书.②试验方法:对所有受试者进行问卷调查并收集相关体检资料.③试验评估:运用单因素和多因素非条件Logistic回归探讨影响糖代谢的因素.结果:纳入调查对象532人,均进入结果分析.①该高血压人群中共有122人空腹血糖异常,总检出率为22.68%;除舒张压和总胆固醇外,血糖正常者与血糖异常者之间相比较,其他指标差异均有显著性(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).②单因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,吸烟、教育程度、吃肉习惯等是血糖代谢异常的危险因素.③多因素分析显示年龄、体质量指数、吸烟、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、吃肉习惯、烹饪用油、腌制品摄入、甜食摄入与血糖代谢异常有关.结论:高血压人群血糖代谢异常检出率较高,提示在治疗血压的同时需要注意血糖的控制,提倡合理膳食,从而降低心血管事件的发生.     

松潘乌头二萜生物碱的研究

甘肃省文县产的松潘乌头(Aconitum sungpanense Hand-Mazz),俗称缠绕乌头,民间用于治疗跌打损伤,风湿性关节痛等症。其化学成分尚未见报道。松潘乌头粗粉用0.5%的盐酸渗漉,通过阳离子树脂交换,经乙醚及二氯甲烷先后洗脱,乙醚部分用硅胶柱层析等     

Seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis: radiographic differences

Patients with seronegative and patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have clinical, genetic, and immunologic differences. This study was undertaken to determine whether the two populations differ radiologically. Seventeen patients with seronegative RA were closely matched with seropositive control subjects. Radiographs of the hands and wrists were studied blindly, and disease severity was quantified with use of a modification of the Beaver Creek grading sheet. The following distinguishing features were also evaluated: osteosclerosis, new bone formation, carpal predominance, ankylosis (fusion), symmetry, and classical erosions. Seropositive patients had more severe disease, with larger and more numerous erosions, while the seronegative group had more osteosclerosis, carpal predominance, fusion, and new bone formation. Symmetry was equal in both groups. Although there were definite quantitative and qualitative differences between the two populations, radiologists should be cautious in using these criteria because of the great deal of overlap between the two groups.     

Endothelium-dependent Vasorelaxant and Anti-aggregatory Effect and Mechanism of Action of Some Antifibrinogen RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp-containing) Peptides

Vasorelaxation caused by some antifibrinogen RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp-containing) peptides and their basic mechanism of action was studied on rabbit isolated thoracic aortic rings preconstricted with 0.25 μM phenylephrine. GRGDS (Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-OH) and RGDV (Arg-Gly-Asp-Val-OH) caused dose-dependent relaxation. RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-OH) had a biphasic effect (a transient relaxation followed by a contraction) while GRGDS-[SE] (Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser(SO₃)-OH) did not change the isometric tone of precontracted aortic preparations. GRGDS and RGDV exerted no relaxing effect on endothelium-denuded blood vessels suggesting that the vascular action of these peptides was entirely dependent on the presence of functionally intact endothelium. L-N^G-Nitro-arginine (30 μM) attenuated the relaxation induced by GRGDS and abolished that induced by RGDV. All of the four RGD congeners inhibited ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets. These findings indicate that the relaxant effect of RGDV is mediated exclusively by the nitric oxide pathway, but GRGDS could cause, besides nitric oxide release, the release of another substance which is different from nitric oxide. Because the rank order of the vasorelaxant potencies of RGD peptides differed from that found for their anti-aggregatory activities, a vascular effector mechanism mediated by an RGD-recognizing structure other than the known glycoprotein IIb/IIIa-like RGD-binding site is suggested.     

叶绿素衍生物在犬膀胱粘膜内代谢的研究

目的：为了了解叶绿素衍生物（ＣＰＤ４）口服后在膀胱粘膜内含量变化的状况，以便为临床应用提供实验依据。方法：１３条实验犬分为３个不同剂量组，应用荧光检测法作服药后不同时段膀胱粘膜ＣＰＤ４含量的测定。结果：ＣＰＤ４用于实验犬的合适剂量是１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，明显低于此值将显著影响组织的吸收，从而降低光动力作用。在禁食组中，组织内吸收的最高峰值出现在服药后２ｈ，而进食组却推迟出现在服药后６￣１２ｈ。结论：为