白细胞介素1β对谷氨酸致痫大鼠海马mGluR2和mGluR3 mRNA表达的影响

目的 探讨IL-1β对谷氨酸(Glu)致痫大鼠mGluR2和mGluR3 mRNA表达的影响。方法 将大鼠分为对照组；Glu组；IL-1β Glu组；IL-1β组；IL-1β D-AP5 Glu组，观察大鼠的行为变化，用RT-PCR半定量分析mGluR2和mGluR3 mRNA的表达。结果 IL-β Glu组大鼠的痫性发作潜伏期比Glu组明显缩短，发作程度也较重；mGluR2和mGluR3 mRNA在IL-1β Glu组和Glu组中的表达比其他组都显著增强，而mGluR2mRNA在IL-1β Glu组的表达与Glu组比较明显下降，mGluR3的表达在这两组中无明显差别。结论 IL-1β可能通过下调mGluR2的表达而促进癫痫发作。     

Phenotype and functional analysis of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells loaded with biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres for immunotherapy

Dendritic cells (DC) are increasingly explored as cellular vaccines for tumor immunotherapy. In most reported DC-based cancer vaccine trials, DC have been pulsed with soluble tumor antigen-derived peptide ligands of MHC molecules. Considering that the half-life of peptide/MHC complexes on the cell surface is relatively short and that soluble exogenous protein antigens cannot be efficiently processed via the MHC class I-processing pathway, the current vaccination procedure is not optimal for the induction of strong T cell responses aiming at tumor rejection. Recently, we have shown that antigen presentation can be prolonged when synthetic peptides were encapsulated in biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres (MS) for uptake by DC. In the present study, we investigated the phenotypic and functional consequences of MS uptake by human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC) in vitro. We found that immature MoDC that were prepared in serum free media suitable for clinical application were able to phagocytose high numbers of MS, while matured MoDC showed a reduced capacity for phagocytosis of MS. The ingestion of MS did not change the cell surface expression of CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR of immature and mature DC, suggesting that MS uptake did not induce DC maturation but that maturation by cytokines or LPS was unaltered in the presence of MS. Furthermore, MS-loaded mature MoDC expressed normal levels of the chemokine receptor CCR7 and migrated as efficiently towards CCL19 or CCL21 as unloaded MoDC. DC viability and the secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-12 was not significantly changed by MS loading. Taken together, our data indicate that PLGA-MS loading has no negative effects on the pivotal properties of MoDC in vitro. It should therefore be feasible to further develop this antigen loading strategy for clinical use in immunotherapy against viral infections and tumors.     

家猪心脏纤维支架的大体解剖

目的　观察猪心纤维支架 ,为猪心的研究和比较解剖学积累资料。方法　取甲醛固定后的猪心2 7例 ,液态塑料浸渍的塑化猪心 5例 ,解剖显示纤维支架后用游标卡尺进行观测。结果　猪心左纤维三角的三边分别平均为 17 4 1± 1 99mm、18.96± 3.2 6mm和 17.6 4± 2 .4 4mm ;右纤维三角三边分别为 15 .83± 2 .11mm、16 .19± 1.94mm和 2 0 .96± 2 .6 2mm ;二尖瓣环、三尖瓣环的周长平均为 73.0 0± 9.71mm ,6 8.89±7.2 4mm ;主动脉瓣环和肺动脉瓣环直径分别为 18.4 4± 2 .89mm和 16 .0 3± 2 .6 3mm ;猪Todaro腱呈扁带状 ,走行部位较深 ,且分支较人心多 ,长度为 2 0 98± 4 2 0mm。结论　猪心纤维支架与人类形态结构相似 ,但瓣环周长和Todaro腱形态有一定差别。     

幕上高血压脑出血预后影响因素的多重线性回归分析

目的探讨影响幕上高血压脑出血（SICH）患者预后的相关因素,以指导临床治疗和评估预后。方法回顾性分析符合本研究纳入标准的幕上高血压脑出血324例完整病历。以一般资料、起病症状、入院查体、影像学资料、治疗方式、并发症等43项为自变量,以发病后1个月后功能独立性评定评分（functional independence measure,FIM）为因变量,建立多重线性回归模型,筛选出对预后有影响的因素,并比较各因素的影响大小。结果经统计学处理发现血肿体积、入院时收缩期血压、GCS评分、脑室是否积血、血肿体积扩大、是否并发肺部感染和应激性溃疡等7项对预后有显著性的影响。结论血肿体积、入院GCS评分和脑室是否积血对预后影响有重要意义,可作为SICH患者预后的关键性指标。     

CⅡTA M1-RNA对MHCⅡ类分子表达的抑制作用

目的探讨MHCⅡ类分子转录激活因子（CⅡTA）的M1-RNA对细胞表面MHCⅡ类分子表达的抑制。方法M1-RNA是核糖核酸酶P的催化活性单位，设计并克隆针对CⅡTA第452、629位点的M1-RNA（分别为M1-452-GS、M1-629-GS）及其相应的CⅡTA靶基因，分别插入pUC19、pGEM-7zf（＋）载体，进行细胞外切割活性筛选。将细胞外切割作甩明显的M1-629-GS亚克隆入psNAV载体（psNAV-M1-629-GS，pA629）并稳定转染ECV304细胞株，流式细胞术检测经典的MHCⅡ（HLA-DR、-DP、-DQ）类抗原表达，RT-PCR检测CⅡTA的mRNA水平。结果pA629阳性ECV304细胞株与对照组比较，HLA-DR、-DP抗原表达分别降低了89．21％及92．31％；同时CⅡTA的mRNA含量降低（P〈0．05）。结论CⅡTA的M1-RNA（M1-629-GS）降低了自身mRNA含量，从而阻止其调控的MHCⅡ类分子的表达。     

HIV-1 B''亚型R5或R5/X4嗜性毒株在GHOST细胞的感染性分析

目的分析我国HIV-1B′亚型R5或R5／X4嗜性毒株在GHOST细胞的感染性。方法采用传统的共培养方法从HIV-1感染者PBMC中分离并培养病毒，用表达CD4和趋化因子受体CCR5或CXCR4的GHOST细胞系，测定毒株的辅助受体利用情况，使用相同病毒量即2mg的HIV-1 p24分别感染表达不同受体的GHOST细胞系，通过流式细胞仪检测分析绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的表达反映病毒感染细胞的能力。结果35例B′亚型毒株利用CCR5受体，占22例（62．85％），双嗜性即CCR5／CXCR4均阳性占13例（37．15％）。GHOST-R5／X4细胞的感染性分析结果显示，R5／X4双嗜性毒株的感染性明显高于CD4〉200／μl的R5毒株的感染性（P〈0．05）；R5／X4毒株与CD4≤200／μl的R5毒株感染性比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；CD4〉200／μl的R5毒株与CD4≤200／μl的R5毒株感染性比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；GHOST-CCR5细胞感染性分析结果显示：R5／X4双嗜性毒株的感染性明显下降，与CD4〉200／μl的R5毒株的感染性比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。利用相同剂量的双嗜性毒株分别感染R5、X4或R5／X4的GHOST细胞系，显示双嗜性毒株可同时利用CCR5和CXCR4辅助受体，但69．23％的R5／X4毒株以CCR5受体为主，30．77％的R5／X4毒株以CXCR4受体为主。结论HIV-1B′亚型R5／X4病毒不仅有更广泛的宿主细胞嗜性，而且在GHOST-R5／X4细胞中感染性明显提高。持续使用CCR5受体的毒株在疾病进展的过程中虽然辅助受体的利用是一样的，但病毒感染细胞的能力增加。     

大鼠胸腺降黑素受体的鉴定及生物学特性

应用放射配体结合法证实大鼠胸腺内存在降黑素特异结合部位，该结合位点可以满足特异结合部位的基本条件：１．低结合容量；２．高亲和力；３．可饱和性；４．可逆性；５．对降黑素高度特异性。此外，该特异结合位点具昼夜节律；亚细胞分布的研究表明以细胞核含量最高，线粒体次之，并具有年龄依赖性降低，以出生时最高。     

湖南汉族人群HLA-DR位点等位基因多态性与鼻咽癌的相关性研究

目的：探讨湖南汉族人群HLA-DR位点等位基因多态性与鼻咽癌遗传易感性之间的关系。 方法： 应用PCR/SSO基因分型技术对93例湖南汉族鼻咽癌患者和93例健康对照作HLA-DRB1、-DRB3、-DRB4、-DRB5基因分型，采用χ2检验比较两组各位点等位基因频率、单倍型频率分布的差异。 结果： NPC组DRB1*1101明显低于对照组，DRB1*0801明显高于对照组, 但P值经Bonferroni校正后，差异均无显著（Pc>0.05）。 结论： 湖南汉族人群HLA-DR位点与鼻咽癌无明显相关。     

Galectin-3, fibronectin-1, CITED-1, HBME1 and cytokeratin-19 immunohistochemistry is useful for the differential diagnosis of thyroid tumors.

The diagnosis of thyroid tumors is critical for clinical management; however, tumors with follicular architecture often present problems. We evaluated the diagnostic use of the protein expression of four genes that were found to be upregulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma compared to normal thyroid (LGALS3, FN1, CITED1 and KRT19), and of the mesothelial cell surface protein recognized by monoclonal antibody HBME1 in thyroid tumors. Tissues from 85 carcinomas (67 papillary, six follicular, eight Hürthle cell and four anaplastic) and 21 adenomas were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for the expression of these gene protein products, for example, galectin-3 (GAL3), fibronectin-1 (FN1), CITED1, cytokeratin-19 (CK19) and HBME1. Non-neoplastic thyroids (29 adenomatous and 14 thyrotoxic hyperplasia, and 59 normal) were also studied. The expression of all five proteins was significantly associated with malignancy, and highly specific (> or = 90%) for carcinoma compared to adenoma. GAL3, FN1 and/or HBME1 expression was seen in 100% of carcinomas (85/85) and in 24% of adenomas (5/21). Coexpression of multiple proteins was seen in 95% of carcinomas and only 5% of adenomas (P<0.0001). Coexpression of FN1 and GAL3 (FN1+ GAL3+, 70/85) or FN1 and HBME1 (FN1+ HBME1+, 53/85) was restricted to carcinomas, while their concurrent absence (FN1- GAL3- or FN1- HBME1-, 18/21 adenoma) was highly specific (96%) for benign lesions. Among non-neoplastic thyroids, adenomatous hyperplasia frequently expressed GAL3 (n=16), CK19 (n=9) and CITED1 (n=7), but the expression was predominantly focal in contrast to the diffuse expression in carcinomas. An immunohistochemical panel consisting of GAL3, FN1 and HBME1 may be useful in the diagnosis of follicular cell-derived thyroid tumors.     

青少年网络游戏成瘾的发生机制

青少年网络游戏成瘾近年来成为社会的焦点问题，但关于其成瘾机制的研究还很少。文章在参阅大量网络成瘾和其它成瘾研究文献的基础上，通过对网络游戏特征和青少年身心发展特点的分析，认为导致青少年网络游戏成瘾的发生，是生理、心理和社会因素共同作用的结果。