Regulation of hematopoiesis-IV: The role of interleukin-3 and bryostatin 1 in the growth of erythropoietic progenitors from normal and anemic W/Wv mice

We and others have established a role for T lymphocytes and their products in the regulation of erythropoiesis. Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is a multipotential lymphokine with burst-promoting activity that is produced by activated T lymphocytes. In the anemic, stem cell-defective W/Wv mouse we have described the absence of a functionally active thymocyte population that in normal animals enhances erythroid progenitor growth and stem cell self-renewal. In studies reported here we find that W/Wv mouse marrow responds to exogenous IL-3 by increased erythroid progenitor cell growth. The BFU-E and CFU-E from anemic donors are more sensitive to IL-3 than are those in +/+ marrow. We have recently observed a stimulatory effect of bryostatin 1 (a macrocyclic lactone derived from a marine invertebrate) on normal erythropoiesis in human bone marrow progenitor assays. To test the effects of this molecule on murine normal and anemic W/Wv cells we grew these cells in the presence of increasing doses of bryostatin 1. Bryostatin mimics the stimulatory action of IL-3 on W/Wv bone marrow. Polyclonal antibody directed against murine IL-3 blocks the stimulatory effect of bryostatin on erythropoiesis. Otherwise inactive thymocytes from W/Wv mice in coculture with W/Wv bone marrow showed stimulation of erythropoiesis in the presence of bryostatin. We believe that bryostatin may in part act by stimulating T lymphocytes to release physiologic concentrations of lymphokines.     

Efficacy of various methods of confidential unit exclusion in identifying potentially infectious blood donations

To determine the efficacy of various methods of confidential unit exclusion (CUE) among donors at increased risk of HIV exposure, we surveyed AABB institutional members on their experience with 3 CUE methods: ballot or barcode, completed at the time of donation, and call-back, performed by the donor after leaving the donor center. From June 1985 to December 1987, 5,049,883 donations at 48 donor centers were evaluable for analysis. The results of this survey suggest that ballot and barcode methods of CUE are important adjuncts to other donor screening procedures in identifying potentially infectious units, and that both of these methods are superior to the call-back system of unit exclusion.     

Prestorage white cell reduction in saline-adenine-glucose-mannitol red cells by use of an integral filter: evaluation of storage values and invivo recovery

BACKGROUND : Prestorage white cell (WBC) reduction in blood components may decrease the incidence of adverse reactions and improve component quality. A bottom-and-top system with an integral third-generation WBC- reduction filter has been studied. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : Whole blood was collected from 30 healthy donors: from 20 by using a blood container system with an integral filter and from 10 controls by using a standard blood container system. Ten test units were buffy coat- depleted, stored for 72 hours at 4 degrees C, and then filtered, while an additional 10 test units were buffy coat-depleted and filtered at room temperature within 8 hours of collection. All units were stored at 4 degrees C for 42 days and sampled weekly. RESULTS : The mean WBC content of the 72-hour, 4 degrees C units was 0.33 × 10(6), that of the room-temperature units was 2.6 × 10(6), and that of the buffy coat- depleted controls was 460 × 10(6) (p < 0.0005). No significant differences were found among lactate, glucose, sodium, potassium, and plasma hemoglobin levels in the three groups. ATP and 2,3 DPG levels were significantly better preserved in control units than in 72-hour, 4 degrees C units (p = 0.016 and p = 0.032, respectively), but not better than in the room-temperature units. Significant differences were observed between pH values in filtered units and both groups of test units (p = 0.016). In biologic terms however, these differences were small. Red cells from an additional eight healthy volunteer donors were processed by an 8-hour room-temperature method and stored for 35 days. Studies in vivo 24-hour recovery of autologous red cells were performed by transfusing a radiolabeled (51Cr plus 131I-albumin) aliquot after 35 days' storage. Good recovery (mean > 80%) was found by both the single- and double-isotope-label methods. Recovery was significantly greater when calculated by the single-isotope method (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION : The combination of buffy coat removal and filtration in the blood container system with an integral filter achieved effective WBC reduction (> or = 3 log10 reduction from whole blood) without biologically significant detriment to in vitro or in vivo storage values.     

多种反映心血管病的相关因子与急性冠状动脉综合征患者颈动脉斑块负荷

目的:探讨急性冠状动脉综合征患者心血管病因子之间的相关性。方法:选择2004-08/2006-12青岛大学附属青岛市立医院的急性冠状动脉综合征患者76例,男44例,女32例,年龄(60±11)岁,纳入标准:必须至少具备下列3条标准中的2条:①缺血性胸痛的临床病史。②心电图的动态演变。③心脏血清学标志物肌钙蛋白阳性,其中不稳定性心绞痛46例、心肌梗死30例,患者知情同意。入院后经2周内行择期冠脉造影检查。术前行颈动脉超声检查,分为颈动脉斑块阳性组(n=28)和颈动脉斑块阴性组(n=48)。发病时取血,应用液相蛋白芯片结合流式细胞分析方法测定血清白细胞介素6、白细胞介素8、可溶性CD40配体、单核细胞趋化蛋白1、可溶性P-选择素、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂、可溶性血管细胞粘附分子1;常规冠状动脉造影,颈动脉超声检查。结果:纳入急性冠状动脉综合征患者76例,均进入结果分析。组织型纤溶酶原激活剂与其余的炎症因子之间未见显著相关性;而这些炎症因子之间大部分存在相关性。颈动脉斑块阳性组血清组织型纤溶酶原激活剂水平明显低于颈动脉斑块阴性组[(1359.2±714.6),(2052.8±1700.4)ng/L,P<0.05],其他因子浓度结果比较,差异无显著性意义。不稳定心绞痛组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂水平为(3722.2±647.9)ng/L,急性心肌梗死组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂水平为(2712.9±622.4)ng/L,两组比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:组织型纤溶酶原激活剂是独立于急性冠状动脉综合征炎症反应以外,而反映斑块负荷的标志,急性冠状动脉综合征患者颈动脉斑块阳性结果可能提示纤溶系统受损较重。     

Assessing diagnosis in heart failure: which features are any use?

We assessed the value of symptoms, past history, medications and signs in the evaluation of patients who might have heart failure secondary to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. An open-access echocardiography service was set up to help identify patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction who might benefit from treatment with an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor. History and examination were recorded for each of these patients. The patients were divided into groups according to whether left ventricular systolic function was preserved or not and whether various clinical features were present or not. Of 259 consecutive patients studied, 41 had impairment of left ventricular systolic function as assessed by echocardiography. Past history of myocardial infarction and displaced apex beat were the best single predictors of left ventricular systolic dysfunction as assessed by echocardiography. The combination of past history of myocardial infarction and displaced apex had the best positive predictive value of all. Patients with such clinical features or combinations of clinical features may not need echocardiography, and where access to this resource is limited, it could be reserved for patients without such diagnostic features.