全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6694篇 |
免费 | 490篇 |
国内免费 | 21篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 76篇 |
儿科学 | 320篇 |
妇产科学 | 211篇 |
基础医学 | 1341篇 |
口腔科学 | 68篇 |
临床医学 | 640篇 |
内科学 | 1226篇 |
皮肤病学 | 183篇 |
神经病学 | 506篇 |
特种医学 | 303篇 |
外科学 | 859篇 |
综合类 | 79篇 |
预防医学 | 316篇 |
眼科学 | 203篇 |
药学 | 341篇 |
中国医学 | 5篇 |
肿瘤学 | 528篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 45篇 |
2021年 | 64篇 |
2020年 | 54篇 |
2019年 | 78篇 |
2018年 | 114篇 |
2017年 | 75篇 |
2016年 | 101篇 |
2015年 | 131篇 |
2014年 | 146篇 |
2013年 | 219篇 |
2012年 | 296篇 |
2011年 | 270篇 |
2010年 | 203篇 |
2009年 | 202篇 |
2008年 | 264篇 |
2007年 | 300篇 |
2006年 | 269篇 |
2005年 | 282篇 |
2004年 | 255篇 |
2003年 | 257篇 |
2002年 | 242篇 |
2001年 | 253篇 |
2000年 | 229篇 |
1999年 | 189篇 |
1998年 | 125篇 |
1997年 | 110篇 |
1996年 | 114篇 |
1995年 | 86篇 |
1994年 | 69篇 |
1993年 | 78篇 |
1992年 | 101篇 |
1991年 | 122篇 |
1990年 | 102篇 |
1989年 | 146篇 |
1988年 | 118篇 |
1987年 | 98篇 |
1986年 | 100篇 |
1985年 | 102篇 |
1984年 | 63篇 |
1983年 | 60篇 |
1981年 | 41篇 |
1979年 | 45篇 |
1978年 | 36篇 |
1976年 | 36篇 |
1975年 | 46篇 |
1972年 | 36篇 |
1936年 | 47篇 |
1935年 | 45篇 |
1933年 | 51篇 |
1932年 | 49篇 |
排序方式: 共有7205条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
β-Lactoglobulin was isolated from infant formulae that were ultra high temperature (UHT) -treated, sterilized or spray-dried. The effect of the isolated β-lactoglobulin on SfaII-fimbriae-mediated adhesion of Escherichia coli to human ileostomy glycoproteins was studied in vitro. β-Lactoglobulin isolated from sterilized formulae was found to perform significantly less well than preparations from spray-dried formulae (p = 0:05). Great heterogeneity was observed in the adhesion inhibitory capacity of β-lactoglobulin isolated from UHT-treated formulae. Therefore, no significant difference was observed between UHT-treated and sterilized formulae or spray-dried formulae (p < 0:10). It can be hypothesized that β-lactoglobulin from spray-dried and some UHT-treated infant formulae may affect the colonization of mucous membranes by E. coli strains causing neonatal septicaemia and meningitis. 相似文献
32.
Dr. S. Fuchs Ch. Jürgens A. P. Schulz M. E. Wenzl D. Wolter 《Trauma und Berufskrankheit》2005,7(2):83-88
Zusammenfassung Winkelstabile Plattenfixateur-interne-Systeme haben in den letzten 20 Jahren zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Die aus der Winkelstabilität resultierende flächenhafte Krafteinleitung und gleichmäßigere Kraftverteilung führen zu einer besseren Knochenbruchheilung insbesondere im metaphysischen Bereich und bei Osteoporose. Bei Marknagelsystemen ist die Winkelstabilität bislang nur partiell verwirklicht. Der vorgestellte winkelstabile Tibiamarknagel realisiert an jedem einzelnen Bolzen eine Winkelstabilität mit dem einliegenden intramedullären Kraftträger. Von Februar 2002–August 2004 wurden 21 Patienten mit ihm behandelt. In 13 Fällen wurden Frakturen stabilisiert, 6 Patienten hatten Fehlstellungen, 2 Patienten Pseudarthrosen. Zum Nachuntersuchungszeitpunkt waren alle Behandlungen abgeschlossen. Postoperative Komplikationen traten nicht auf. In allen Fällen wurde eine vollständige Durchbauung erreicht. In 6 Fällen fand sich radiologisch eine verzögerte Knochenbruchheilung. Die ersten klinischen Erfahrungen mit dem winkelstabilen Tibiamarknagel zeigen, dass dieser aufgrund der höheren Primärstabilität insbesondere im metaphysären Knochenbereich mit kurzen Fragmenten sowie bei Osteoporose Vorteile gegenüber anderen nichtwinkelstabilen oder nur partiell winkelstabilen Marknagelsystemen erbringt. Die verzögerten Knochenbruchheilungen bedürfen weiterer klinischer und biomechanischer Untersuchungen. 相似文献
33.
J L Fuchs 《Neurobiology of aging》1991,12(5):523-530
The enzyme 5'-nucleotidase is present in glial and neuronal membranes, and catalyzes the formation of adenosine, which in turn can act as a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter. The present study found marked increases in histochemically demonstrated 5'-nucleotidase activity in most regions of rat brain from young adulthood (3-4 months) to middle age (12-18 months), with smaller or no changes between middle and old age (24-32 months). The aging adult cerebellum showed alterations in the histochemical pattern, with declines in the molecular layer and increases in the Purkinje layer. Both myelin and synaptic plasma membrane fractions from forebrain showed increases in enzyme activity. Assays of various other body tissues suggested that the increases are fairly specific to brain, and thus apparently do not represent a ubiquitous cellular mechanism of aging. Changes in brain 5'-nucleotidase activity during aging probably reflect the increasing number and size of glial cells, and perhaps also affect synaptic transmission through regulation of adenosine. 相似文献
34.
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of rat and hamster have been studied extensively and shown to play critical roles in circadian rhythmicity. [125I]Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) binding levels are high in the rat SCN, suggesting that VIP receptors may be an important component of SCN function. In contrast to previously demonstrated diurnal variations in VIP immunoreactivity and VIP mRNA, the present study found [125I]VIP binding to be stable across the light-dark cycle in both rat and hamster SCN. High [125I]VIP labeling appeared to be coextensive with the rat SCN but extended somewhat beyond the cytoarchitectonic boundaries of the hamster SCN. Binding density in hamster SCN was slightly higher than in rat. In the developing rat SCN, [125I]VIP binding levels distinguished the SCN on embryonic day 18, and appeared to increase to postnatal day 10 before declining to adult levels. The early presence of [125I]VIP binding suggests possible involvement of VIP receptors in fetal entrainment of circadian rhythms. 相似文献
35.
M. A. Pfaller A. L. Barry L. D. Sabath B. N. Kreiswirth P. R. Murray P. C. Fuchs J. C. McLaughlin 《European journal of epidemiology》1993,9(6):658-662
The in vitro activity of ceftriaxone and six additional antimicrobial agents (ceftizoxime, cefoperazone, cefuroxime, fleroxacin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) was assessed or 602 recent clinical isolates of staphylococci from six geographically distinct medical centers in North America. All seven antimicrobial agents were active (90–100% of strains susceptible) against oxacillin-susceptible (OS) strains of Staphylococcus aureus (OSSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (OSCNS) but had limited activity against oxacillin resistant (OR) staphylococci. Our assessment of the in vitro antistaphylococcal activity of ceftriaxone against contemporary isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci indicates that the activity versus OS staphylococci has not changed over the past decade despite widespread use of the drug. It appears that these agents will continue to be useful for empiric therapy in those centers in which OR strains are uncommon.Corresponding author. 相似文献
36.
C. S. Richter G. P. Krestin A. C. Eichenberger W. Schöpke W. A. Fuchs 《European radiology》1993,3(6):493-498
Three-dimensional (3D) phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and velocity-encoded cine magnetic resonance (VEC-MR) imaging were performed in 23 subjects to assess the severity of renal artery stenosis. MRA was used for detection of stenosis, demonstrating a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 80%; the severity of stenosis was overestimated in 33%. VEC-MR was used to quantify the renal flow oattern and was successful in 11 subjects. Mean blood flow of normal renal arteries (420 +- 107 ml/min) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than mean blood flow of stenotic arteries (131 +- 46ml/min). The flow profile displayed both systolic and diastolic peaks in 75% of the normal arteries, while the flow in stenotic arteries showed only a single systolic peak in all cases. The systolic peak in stenotic arteries occurred significantly later (32 +- 3% of the period of one cardiac cycle) than in normal subjects (21 +- 7%) (P < 0.05). Phase-contrast MR is likely to gain considerable importance in the noninvasive aetection and quantification of renal artery stenosis.
Correspondence to: C. S. Richter 相似文献
37.
Mutations in the retinal guanylate cyclase (RETGC-1) gene in dominant cone-rod dystrophy 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Kelsell RE; Gregory-Evans K; Payne AM; Perrault I; Kaplan J; Yang RB; Garbers DL; Bird AC; Moore AT; Hunt DM 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(7):1179-1184
The dominant cone-rod dystrophy gene CORD6 has previously been mapped to
within an 8 cM interval on chromosome 17p12-p13. The retinal- specific
guanylate cyclase gene (RETGC-1), which maps to within this genetic
interval and previously was implicated in Leber's congenital amaurosis, was
screened for mutations within this family and in a panel of small families
and individuals with various cone and cone- rod dystrophy phenotypes. A
missense mutation (E837D) was identified in affected members of the CORD6
family, as well as a second missense mutation (R838C) in three other
families with dominant cone-rod dystrophy. RETGC-1 is only the fourth gene
to be implicated in cone-rod dystrophy and this is the first report of
dominant mutations in this gene.
相似文献
38.
Van de Velde H; De Vos A; Joris H; Nagy ZP; Van Steirteghem AC 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1998,13(11):3160-3164
In human in-vitro fertilization (IVF), the oocytes are surrounded by
cumulus and corona cells at the time of insemination so that their maturity
cannot easily be evaluated. The best IVF results are obtained if the
oocytes are inseminated 2-6 h after retrieval. In the intracytoplasmic
sperm injection (ICSI) procedure, the oocytes are denuded by enzymatic and
mechanical treatment in order to be able to perform the injection. As a
consequence, the nuclear maturity of the oocytes can be evaluated and only
those that have extruded the first polar body are injected. However,
metaphase-II oocytes that have not yet reached cytoplasmic maturity cannot
be recognized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of
different timing of cumulus- corona cell removal and injection on the
outcome of ICSI. For this we allowed the oocytes to complete in-vitro
cytoplasmic maturation in two different culture conditions: (i) surrounded
by their cumulus and corona cells or (ii) totally denuded. We performed
three different studies on sibling oocytes obtained after a standardized
buserelin/human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) protocol. We investigated
the effect of early (1-2 h after retrieval) and late (5-6 h after
retrieval) oocyte denudation and injection on the survival and
fertilization of the injected oocytes and on embryo cleavage after
fertilization. We found no statistically significant differences between
early and late injection, indicating that after a standardized
buserelin/HMG protocol the metaphase-II oocytes do not need time for
further cytoplasmic maturation. Furthermore, a different timing of
cumulus-corona cell removal has no effect on the outcome of ICSI,
suggesting that the surrounding cells are not necessary for survival,
fertilization and cleavage after ICSI.
相似文献
39.
Novero V; Camus M; Tournaye H; Smitz J; Verheyen G; Joris H; Derde MP; Van Steirteghem AC; Devroey P 《Human reproduction (Oxford, England)》1997,12(1):59-63
Serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is routinely measured when
evaluating the infertile male for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
However, among the sperm parameters, only its relationship with sperm
concentration is well documented. Few investigations concern the
relationship between FSH and sperm motility and morphology, and the results
of ICSI. A retrospective study of 316 couples who underwent ICSI was
carried out to determine the relationships between serum FSH concentrations
in the male and (i) standard sperm parameters_(concentration, motility and
morphology) and (ii) fertilization, cleavage, pregnancy and implantation
rates after ICSI. There was an inverse correlation with sperm concentration
and total motility but no relationship was found with progressive motility
and sperm morphology. Neither was any relationship found between serum FSH
and fertilization, cleavage, pregnancy and implantation rates, and the
results of ICSI. These findings suggest the need to review the routine
measurement of serum FSH in the infertile male when ICSI is the planned
treatment procedure.
相似文献
40.
Chemotherapeutic agents are associated with a number of serious side-effects. In addition to the development of peripheral neuropathy, patients often complain of additional symptoms related to attentional mechanisms. Although a great deal of interest is directed towards understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of peripheral neuropathy, there is a paucity of research that has examined the extent of impairment of attention in animals receiving chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, the purpose of this experiment was to examine attentional mechanisms using the method of pre-pulse inhibition in animals that were chronically treated with vincristine. Although vincristine treated animals developed signs of peripheral neuropathy, there was no associated alteration of pre-pulse inhibition relative to vehicle treated animals. These results highlight the importance of continuing to develop methodology to model symptom burden in patients receiving chemotherapy. 相似文献