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Catharina Zantner Foteini Derdilopoulou Peter Martus Andrej M Kielbassa 《Quintessence international, dental digest》2006,37(9):695-706
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of 2 over-the-counter whitening systems: a liquid whitening gel (5.9% hydrogen peroxide, twice a day for 15 minutes), and a sodium chlorite-based whitening gel applied in a tray system (10 minutes twice a day). METHOD AND MATERIALS: Sixty volunteers (minimum shade A3 on 1 maxillary tooth) were selected to participate in this single-blind (examiner-blinded), single-center, 2-group trial. The subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 30 each) and instructed to bleach their teeth for 2 weeks. Efficacy was measured using the Vita Classical shade guide and a spectrophotometer at baseline, as well as after 2 weeks and 6 months. RESULTS: For the subjectively measured tooth shades, improvement for maxillary canines was 2.03 +/- 3.67 tooth shades in group 1 and 1.08 +/- 2.19 tooth shades in group 2 after 2 weeks; the maxillary incisors revealed a tooth shade improvement of 0.83 +/- 1.71 tabs in group 1 and 0.73 +/- 2.22 tabs in group 2 (P < .05, except maxillary incisors in group 2; t test). Objectively measured tooth shade scores revealed a change of 0 +/- 0.25 tooth shade tabs (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: The bleaching gel containing hydrogen peroxide achieved a slight improvement, and the sodium chlorite-based bleaching gel achieved only a small tooth color improvement. Moreover, subjectively and objectively measured tooth shades revealed considerably different results in the clinical situation. 相似文献
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Denikus N Orfaniotou F Wulf G Lehmann PF Monod M Reichard U 《Infection and immunity》2005,73(8):4704-4713
Rabbits that had been infected intravenously with conidiospores of Aspergillus fumigatus were used as sources of antibody for screening a lambda phage cDNA expression library. The cDNA was derived from A. fumigatus mRNA that had been extracted from newly formed, germling hyphae. Thirty-six antigens were identified using antisera from six rabbits. Though many of these antigens were expected to be intracellular proteins because their genes did not encode a signal sequence, the antisera showed consistently a stronger immunoblot reaction with a cell fraction enriched for the fungal cell wall than with a fraction of predominantly intracellular components. Antibodies to eight antigens, including the glycosylhydrolase Asp f 16, were produced by more than one rabbit. In current vaccine studies, Asp f 16 is the only single antigen which has been reported to be capable of inducing protection against invasive aspergillosis in mice. Enolase and Aspergillus HSP90 were detected also; their homologues in Candida albicans have been tested as vaccines and have been reported to provide a partially protective response against invasive candidiasis in mice. The Aspergillus antigens reported here may have value both in diagnostic tests for different forms of aspergillosis and as vaccine candidates for protection against invasive disease. 相似文献
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Poutoglidou Frideriki Pourzitaki Chryssa Manthou Maria Eleni Samoladas Efthimios Saitis Athanasios Malliou Foteini Kouvelas Dimitrios 《Inflammopharmacology》2021,29(3):661-672
Inflammopharmacology - Reduced Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and tendon abnormalities, such as tenosynovitis and enthesitis, are prevalent comorbidities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The... 相似文献
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Argyriou AA Karanasios P Assimakopoulos K Iconomou G Makridou A Giannakopoulou F Makris N 《Journal of pain and symptom management》2011,42(4):541-547
Context
Several studies have investigated the prevalence of sleep disorders in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS) and have shown that up to 54% of patients may have significantly more sleep problems than the general population. To our knowledge, however, no data are available about the quality of sleep of the primary caregivers of patients with MS.Objectives
The objectives of the current cross-sectional study were to assess the quality of sleep in Greek primary caregivers of patients with MS and to investigate its relationship with the degree of caregivers' emotional distress.Methods
Twenty-two male and 13 female primary caregivers (mean age 47.3 ± 12.4 years) of an equal number of patients with MS, who consented to participate, completed the validated Greek version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the validated Greek version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Thirty-five age-, gender-, and education-matched healthy controls were used for comparisons.Results
Caregivers experienced a higher degree of anxiety than depression. The mean score in the seven-item HADS-A subscale was 9.5 ± 4 (range 3-15) and the mean score in the seven-item HADS-D subscale was 7.1 ± 3.1 (range 2-14). The mean scores of caregivers on both HADS-A and HADS-D were significantly higher than those of controls (P < 0.001). The PSQI scoring demonstrated that 19 (54.3%) caregivers had poor sleep quality (cut-off value of >5). The mean values of caregivers for the PSQI were 6.0 ± 2.8 (range 2-12) compared with controls, who scored at a significantly lower level (1.5 ± 0.8; P < 0.001). Poor quality of sleep was significantly correlated with increased levels of anxiety (r = 0.392; P = 0.02) and depression (r = 0.424; P = 0.01). Among the PSQI components, the sleep duration and sleep latency were mostly influenced by the degree of emotional distress.Conclusion
A significant proportion of primary caregivers of MS patients experience poor sleep quality. The degree of their emotional distress appears to significantly influence their quality of sleep. Appropriate psychopharmacological interventions may be required for those individuals. 相似文献70.
Spyridon Arampatzis Nikolaos Giannakoulas Vassilios Liakopoulos Theodoros Eleftheriadis Panagiota Kourti Foteini Karasavvidou Panagiota Matsouka Ioannis Stefanidis 《BMC nephrology》2011,12(1):1-4